Tiếng gọi thanh niên
Tiếng gọi thanh niên, or Thanh niên hành khúc (, "March of the Youths") and originally the March of the Students (, ) is a famous song of the musician Lưu Hữu Phước. Its lyric was modified to make the anthem of State of Vietnam from 1948 to 1955 and Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975, with the name Tiếng Gọi Công Dân ("Call to the Citizens"). This move was strongly protested by the original author Lưu Hữu Phước, who was culture minister of the Việt Cộng-led Provisional Revolutionary Government during the Vietnam War. The original version is the official one used in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The modified version is used by anti-communist Vietnamese expatriates. History

Original version
The anthem was originally named La Marche des Étudiants (March of the Students), composed by Lưu Hữu Phước and written by  in late 1939, and first adopted by a student club. In 1941, it became the anthem of the Indochina Students General Association, Phước renamed the anthem as Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên (Call to the Youths), the lyrics was rewritten in Vietnamese and divided into three verses. The first verse was written by Lưu Hữu Phước and Mai Văn Bộ in 1941, and secretly spread until 1945, the second verse (Tiếng Gọi Sinh Viên, Call to the Students) was written by Lê Khắc Thiều and Đặng Ngọc Tốt in late 1941, and published in 1943, the third verse was written by Hoàng Mai Lưu on April 4, 1945, and published before the August Revolution. In 1945 it became the anthem of the Vanguard Youth, the lyrics were small modified and became known as Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên or Thanh Hiên Hành Khúc. Thanh Niên Hành Khúc (1948–1956) and Tiếng Gọi Công Dân (1956–1975)

In 1948, the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam adopted the song as the national anthem. The song was later modified with the name changed to Tiếng Gọi Công Dân  (Call to the Citizens) or Công Dân Hành Khúc (March of the Citizens), and became the official national anthem of South Vietnam. Thanh niên Hành Khúc was first adopted as the national anthem by the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (Pre-government of the State of Vietnam. 1948–1949) on 14 June 1948, and it was inherited as a national anthem by the State of Vietnam (1949–1955) and the Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975). The lyrics of Thanh Niên Hành Khúc were revised by former President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1956. The original author Lưu Hữu Phước made a strong criticism against South Vietnam's regimes use of the song. In 1949 he made a protesting letter. Later the Voice of Vietnam made sporadically broadcast of Lưu Hữu Phước's criticisms. After the war (1975–present)
After 1975, the original version and name (Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên) of the song was performed as the official version in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The anti-communist expatriates continued to use the revised version and dubbed it as "Anthem of Free Vietnam". References

External links
Lưu Hữu Phước's original version, performed by Choir of Voice of Vietnam
"Ethnic Music" Room ("Words" is Japanese version only)
Quốc kỳ, Quốc ca (Vietnamese language only)
Sheet music of Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên with French lyrics
Sheet music of Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên with Vietnamese lyrics
Tiếng Gọi Công Dân
Committee for Protection of the Flag of the Republic of Vietnam

South Vietnam
National anthems
Historical national anthems
Vietnamese songs
National symbols of Vietnam
Asian anthems