Lancia V4 engine
Italian automobile company Lancia was the first to manufacture cars with V4 and V6 engines in series-production. This started with a number of V4-engine families, that were produced from the 1920s through 1970s. The Lancia V4 pioneered the narrow-angle V engine design, more recently seen in Volkswagen's VR5 and VR6 engines. By using very shallow V-angles — between 10° and 20° — both rows of cylinders could be housed in an engine block with a single cylinder head, like a straight engine. A determining characteristic was the use of overhead camshafts (either single or double), in which a camshaft would serve the same function for all cylinders — in both cylinder banks. Lambda

The first V4 was used in the Lambda from 1922 through 1931. It was a 20° narrow-angle aluminium design. All three engine displacements shared the same long  stroke, and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders. Engines:
  ,  at 3250 rpm
  ,  at 3250 rpm
  ,  at 3500 rpm

Artena
The Lambda engine was updated for the Artena. Bore was set at  as in the 2.6 L Lambda, but stroke was reduced to a more conventional . Total displacement was , with  produced at 4000 rpm. Augusta
An all-new V4 was designed for the Augusta. Produced from 1934 through 1938, the Augusta's engine displaced  with a  bore and stroke. Power output was  at 4000 rpm. Aprilia
The engine was redesigned again for 1936's Aprilia. The first-series cars used a  version with a  bore and stroke. Output was  at 4300 rpm. A second series was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged  engine. It did not share its predecessor's dimensions, with bore and stroke now at . Power output was nearly the same at . Ardea

A small V4 (tipo 100) powered the compact 1939 Ardea. It was a 20° narrow-angle engine displacing just . Bore and stroke were new again at , and output was just  at 4600 rpm. For the 1949 tipo 100B power was increased to . Appia

The V4 returned after the war with the 1953 Appia. It featured an even narrower 10° cylinder bank and just  of displacement, fitting below Italy's 1.1-liter tax threshold. An initial  of power grew to  in 1956.  was available in 1959. Fulvia
Lancia's final V4 series were used in the Fulvia, remaining in production up until 1976. Designed by Ettore Zaccone Mina, it used a narrow angle (13°) and was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves. Displacement began at just  with  with a  bore and stroke. A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio raised power to  soon after. The engine was bored to  to enlarge engine displacement to  for the Coupé model. This, and some tuning, raised output to , further enhanced up to  for the HF model. The engine was re-engineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer  stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced:   bore,   bore, and   bore. The latter engine is most common, with the first unit only sold in Greece. Three levels of performance were available:  for common 1.3 Liter (commonly imported in USA and described as "highly tuned" by Road & Track at the time);  for its 1.3s evolution and  for the Rallye HF. The engine was redone again for a new HF with an even narrower 11° cylinder bank and longer  stroke for its final incarnation. A bore of  gave it a displacement of , and power shot up to between  depending on tune. See also
 Volkswagen VR6 engine, for a more technically detailed article about narrow-angle V-engines

External links

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