Latin periphrases
In Latin, there are multiple periphrases for tense and mode. Here we list the most common. Perfect periphrasis

The perfect periphrasis is composed of the  auxiliary and a perfect participle such as , ,  or by the  auxiliary and a supine such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  = I : was led : by Caesar
 :  :  = you : were led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the man : was led : by Caesar

Moreover, the participle varies according to the gender and number of the subject. :  :  = the man : was led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the woman : was led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the boys : were led : by Caesar

However, the supine in the ' infinitive' paradigm does not vary. :  :  = that : the man : would be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = that : the woman : would be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = that : the boys : would be led : by Caesar

perfect periphrasis

The  perfect periphrasis is composed of the  auxiliary and a perfect participle such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  = I : held : Caesar : hidden
 :  :  = you : held : Caesar : hidden
 :  :  = the man : held : Caesar : hidden

The participle varies according to the gender and number of the object. :  :  = Caesar : held : the man : hidden
 :  :  = Caesar : held : the woman : hidden
 :  :  = Caesar : held : the boys : hidden

This became the regular way of forming the perfect in French and Italian. perfect periphrasis

The  perfect periphrasis is composed of the  auxiliary and a perfect paticiple such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  = I : held : Caesar : hidden
 :  :  = you : held : Caesar : hidden
 :  :  = the man : held : Caesar : hidden

The participle varies according to the gender and number of the object. :  :  = Caesar : held : the man : hidden
 :  :  = Caesar : held : the woman : hidden
 :  :  = Caesar : held : the boys : hidden

Future periphrasis 

The future periphrasis is composed of the  auxiliary and a future paticiple such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of also the subject. :  :  = I : would lead : Ceasar
 :  :  = you : would lead : Ceasar
 :  :  = the man : would lead : Ceasar

The participle varies according to the gender and number of the subject. :  :  = the man : would lead : Ceasar
 :  :  = the woman : would lead : Ceasar
 :  :  = the boys : would lead : Ceasar

Future infinitive periphrases 

The future infinitive periphrases are composed of one of three auxiliaries (,  or ), the word  and a verb from one of two verb paradigms ('present subjunctive' or 'imperfect subjunctive'). The auxiliary does not vary. The verb varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  :  = that: I : would lead : Caesar
 :  :  :  = that: you : would lead : Caesar
 :  :  :  = that: the man : would lead : Caesar

Gerundive periphrasis

The gerundive periphrasis (aka periphrastic conjugation of the passive) is composed of the  auxiliary and a gerundive such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  = I : needed to be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = you : needed to be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the man : needed to be led : by Caesar

The participle varies according to the gender and number of the subject. :  :  = the man : needed to be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the woman : needed to be led : by Caesar
 :  :  = the boys : needed to be led : by Caesar

Although the gerundive periphrasis is similar to the future periphrasis in appearance, they are not parallel in meaning nor function. Woodcock writes of the gerundive periphrasis: 'But for the introduction of the idea of necessity, it would form a periphrastic future passive tense parallel to the periphrastic future active.' present periphrasis

The  present periphrasis is composed of the  auxiliary and an infinitive such as . The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. :  :  = I : was leading : Caesar
 :  :  = you : were leading : Caesar
 :  :  = the man : was leading : Caesar

The infinitive does not vary. References

Latin grammar