Directional freezing
Directional freezing freezes from only one direction. Directional freezing can freeze water, from only one direction or side of a container, into clear ice. Directional freezing in a domestic freezer can be done by putting water in a insulated container so that the water freezes from the top down, and removing before fully frozen, so that the minerals in the water are not frozen. F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Roche Diagnostics GmbH has a 2017 directional freezing patent for drying solid material. See also
 Aquamelt
 Beluga whale
 Clear ice
 Hydrogel
 Freeze-casting§Static vs. dynamic freezing profiles
 Molecular self-assembly

Further reading

References 

Phase transitions
Cryobiology
Molecular physics
Intermolecular forces
Nanotechnology