History of the Jews in Czechoslovakia


Historical demographics

table 1. Jewish population by religion in Czechoslovakia

Table 2. Declared Nationality of Jews in Czechoslovakia

Holocaust
For the Czechs of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia, German occupation was a period of brutal oppression. The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (117,551 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated. Many Jews emigrated after 1939; approximately 78,000 were killed. By 1945, some 14,000 Jews remained alive in the Czech lands. Approximately 144,000 Jews were sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Most inmates were Czech Jews. About a quarter of the inmates (33,000) died in Theresienstadt, mostly because of the deadly conditions (hunger, stress, and disease, especially the typhus epidemic at the very end of war). About 88,000 were deported to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. When the war finished, there were a mere 17,247 survivors. There were 15,000 children living in the children's home inside the camp; only 93 of those children survived. Communist period

The aftermath of the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état saw the control and repression of the Jewish religious community by the communist government, which essentially completed the destruction of the Jewish religious landscape. The communist party was ambivalent in mentioning that the majority of Czechoslovakians who were victims of the fascists were in fact of Jewish origin and the government undertook a de-Judaization of school textbooks. Orthodox Jews refer to that 40 year period as a "Communist holocaust". Czech National Archives 
In 2011 the Czech National Archives digitized all volumes of the Registers of Births, Marriages, and Deaths of Jewish communities (1784-1949), except those needing substantial preservation and restoration. In accordance with the Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths Act (N.301/2000 Coll.) only entries older than 100 years from the last entry in the Births Registers and 75 years from the last entry in the Marriages and Deaths Registers will be made accessible. The restriction does not apply to the Jewish control registers owing to the time range of entries. As of 2015 the digitization of the entire collection is complete and, within the given restrictions, accessible online. See also
History of the Jews in the Czech lands
History of the Jews in Slovakia
History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
 List of Czech and Slovak Jews
 Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia
Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)
Jewish Conservative Party
Jewish Economic Party

References

Bibliography
Lenni Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators. A Reappraisal. (16. The Jewish Parties of Eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia – 2.4 Per Cent of an Empire), 1983
Kateřina Čapková, «Czechs, Germans, Jews? National identities of Bohemian Jews, 1867–1938», 2005
Kateřina Čapková, «Specific Features of Zionism in the Czech Lands in the Interwar Period», Judaica Bohemiae 38 (2002): 106–159
Kateřina Čapková, "Židovská Strana", in: YIVO Encyclopaedia, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2010
Marie Crhová, “Jewish Politics in Central Europe: The Case of the Jewish Party in Interwar Czechoslovakia,” Jewish Studies at the Central European University 2 (1999–2001)
 
The Jews of Czechoslovakia: Historical Studies and Surveys. Sponsored by the Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. 3 volumes, 1968, 1971, 1984. Ludmila Nesládková, «The Professional and Social Characteristic of the Jewish Population in the First Czechoslovak Republic», Demografie, 2008, 50 (1),p. 1–14

External links
Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews. New York, NY
Guide to the Archives of the Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews (AR 25443). Archival collection at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York

Jews