Anzio (film)
Anzio (Italian: Lo sbarco di Anzio), also known as The Battle for Anzio (UK title), is a 1968 Technicolor war film in Panavision, an Italian and American co-production, about Operation Shingle, the 1944 Allied seaborne assault on the Italian port of Anzio in World War II. It was adapted from the book Anzio by Wynford Vaughan-Thomas, who had been the BBC war correspondent at the battle. The film stars Robert Mitchum, Peter Falk, and a variety of international film stars, who mostly portray fictitious characters based on actual participants in the battle. The two exceptions were Wolfgang Preiss and Tonio Selwart, who respectively played Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and General Eberhard von Mackensen. The film was made in Italy with an Italian film crew and produced by Italian producer Dino De Laurentiis; however, none of the main cast were Italian, nor were there any major Italian characters. The film was jointly directed by Edward Dmytryk and Duilio Coletti. In the English-language version, Italians speak their native language. German military commanders  speak English. Plot
During a shipboard meeting with American General Jack Lesley, commander of the Allied forces set to land at Anzio, war correspondent Dick Ennis (a thinly disguised Ernie Pyle) tells Lesley (who has admired Ennis' combat reporting for years) that his journalistic efforts at the front lines has been motivated by his life long quest to discover why men go to war. He confesses he has yet to find an answer but he rejects Lesley's explanation that it is all a matter of survival. Ennis is assigned to accompany US Army Rangers for the upcoming attempt to outflank the tough enemy defenses. The amphibious landing is unopposed, but General Lesley, is too cautious, preferring to fortify his beachhead before advancing inland. Previously, Lesley and General Carson (a thinly disguised US Army General Mark Clark) agreed at an impromptu press conference in Naples that there would be no repeat of the near-fatal landing at Salerno the previous year when the Allied commanders grossly underestimated the German opposition. Ennis and a Ranger drive in a jeep through the countryside, discovering there are few Germans between the beachhead and Rome, but his information is ignored. As a result, the German commander, Field Marshall Kesselring, had time to gather his forces and launch an effective counterattack. Ennis is with the Rangers who are ambushed at the Battle of Cisterna. Ennis radios the news of the disaster back to Lesley at the beachhead calling it another costly failure in judgment by the brass albeit this time because they were (ironically) too timid. From there, the film departs from being a view of all sides and levels of the campaign to a story of a handful of survivors making their way back through enemy lines. The men take shelter in a house occupied by three Italian women. A German patrol arrives at the house, only to be slaughtered by the Americans. Ennis asks what makes one human being willingly kill another. Corporal Jack Rabinoff (First Special Service Force) replies that he loves it, and that combat and war allow him to live more than anyone else. The adrenaline rush of war is what distinguishes him from civilians back home who spend their lives in routine, boring jobs. Rabinoff adds that Ennis is just the same: he doesn't carry a gun but war is part of him, the thing that gives meaning to his life. This provides Ennis with the answer he had been searching for as a life lifelong war reporter: why do men go to war? Having almost reached friendly lines, most of the men, including Rabinoff, are killed in a shootout with a group of German snipers. It is during this shootout that Ennis is finally forced to kill one of the Germans with Rabinoff's gun. As Movie tells him, Ennis is now a member of the club of killers. Only Ennis, Technical Sergeant Stimmler, and Private Movie make it back and deliver intelligence about the Germans' new defense line. Ennis learns that the too-cautious General Lesley (based on US Army General John P. Lucas) had been relieved of command of the Allied forces at Anzio and even publicly humiliated by Winston Churchill who called him a beached whale when a wild cat was called for. The movie ends with the break out of the Anzio beachhead, thanks to the behind-the-enemy-lines information provided by Ennis followed by a race to Rome by General Carson. Carson and the American Army enter the Enteral City and enjoy an enthusiastic victory parade. Ennis spots Movie on a tank enjoying the fruits of victory. Movie points out an image of an ancient Roman victory parade on an arch. Ennis realizes it is further confirmation of his thesis and comments that nothing has changed in thousands of years of warfare except the uniforms and the means of transportation. Cast

 Robert Mitchum as Dick Ennis, war correspondent (loosely based on Ernie Pyle)
 Peter Falk as Corporal Jack Rabinoff
 Robert Ryan as Lieutenant General Carson (based on Mark Clark)
 Earl Holliman as Technical Sergeant Abe Stimmler
 Mark Damon as Private Wally Richardson
 Arthur Kennedy as Major General Jack Lesley (loosely based on John P. Lucas)
 Wolfgang Preiss as Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring
 Reni Santoni as Private Movie
 Joseph Walsh as Private Doyle
 Thomas Hunter as Private Andy
 Giancarlo Giannini as Private Cellini
 Wayde Preston as Colonel Hendricks
 Arthur Franz as Major General Luke Howard
 Anthony Steel as Major-General Marsh
 Patrick Magee as Major-General Starkey
Venantino Venantini as Captain Burns

Response
The film opened to mixed reviews in the US; many felt it did not work as well as Dmytryk's early war films. The New York Times film review was generally dismissive, and described the film as "a very ordinary war movie with an epic title, produced by Dino De Laurentiis, the Italian producer... who thinks big but often produces small". In contrast, Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert had a more favourable opinion of the film, described it as "a good war movie and even an intelligent one". Production
Riz Ortolani scored the film with a ballad called The World is Yours with lyrics by Doc Pomus that was sung beneath the credits by Jack Jones. Luigi Scaccianoce was the production designer. Peter Falk thought that the script he read was clichéd and wanted off the film. At the last minute, Dino De Laurentiis put Falk's name above the title billing and gave him his choice of writer for his character's dialogue. Falk stayed and wrote his lines himself. The production saw De Laurentiis bring in for the first time another actor who made a debut, Giancarlo Giannini, who would later do international films and would work with director Lina Wertmüller. Rabinoff is based on a real 1st Special Service Force soldier, Sgt John L. "Jake" Walkmeister, who ran an illegal brothel of Italian prostitutes in a stolen ambulance. Walkmeister was killed by shrapnel at Port Cros during Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France. See also
List of American films of 1968

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 
 . . 1968 films
1968 war films
1960s English-language films
English-language Italian films
American war films
Italian Campaign of World War II films
Italian war films
Films directed by Edward Dmytryk
Films directed by Duilio Coletti
Columbia Pictures films
Films based on non-fiction books
War epic films
World War II films based on actual events
Films set in 1944
Macaroni Combat films
Films scored by Riz Ortolani
Films produced by Dino De Laurentiis
American World War II films
Italian World War II films
Anzio
1960s American films
1960s Italian films
English-language war films