Exner function
The Exner function is an important parameter in atmospheric modeling. The Exner function can be viewed as non-dimensionalized pressure and can be defined as:
 
where  is a standard reference surface pressure, usually taken as 1000 hPa;  is the gas constant for dry air;  is the heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure;  is the absolute temperature; and  is the potential temperature. References 
Pielke, Roger A. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc., 1984. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. National Weather Service Handbook No. 1 - Facsimile Products. Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, 1979. See also 
Barometric formula
Climate model
Euler equations
Fluid dynamics
General circulation model
Numerical weather prediction
Primitive equations

Numerical climate and weather models