SMS Cöln (1909)
SMS  ("His Majesty's Ship Cologne") was a  light cruiser of the German  (Imperial Navy) during the First World War. She had three sister ships, , , and . She was built by the Germaniawerft in Kiel; her hull was laid down in 1908 and she was launched in June 1909.  was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in June 1911. She was armed with a main battery of twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns and had a top speed of . After her commissioning, she served with the II Scouting Group, part of the reconnaissance forces of the High Seas Fleet. was assigned to patrols off the island of Heligoland at the outbreak of World War I in early August 1914, as the flagship of Rear Admiral Leberecht Maass. At the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914, the German patrol forces were attacked by superior British forces, including five battlecruisers and several light cruisers. was initially stationed in support of the forces on the patrol line. She attempted to reinforce the beleaguered German forces, and encountered Vice Admiral David Beatty's battlecruisers. She was hit several times by the battlecruisers' large-caliber guns, but managed to escape in the haze. She inadvertently turned back toward them, however, and was quickly disabled when the battle resumed. The crew abandoned , but German vessels did not search the area for three days, and only one man survived. Design

 was  long overall and had a beam of  and a draft of  forward. She displaced  normally and up to  at full load. was initially to be powered by two sets of Zoelly steam turbines manufactured by Escher Wyss & Cie. in Zürich. Her propulsion system was revised and instead consisted of two sets of Germaniawerft steam turbines driving four propellers. They were designed to give . These were powered by fifteen coal-fired Marine water-tube boilers. These gave the ship a top speed of . carried  of coal that gave her a range of approximately  at . had a crew of eighteen officers and 349 enlisted men. was armed with a main battery of twelve  SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, eight were located amidships, four on either side, and two were side by side aft. She also carried four  SK L/55 anti-aircraft guns. She was also equipped with a pair of  torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had  thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to  thick armor plate. The main battery guns were fitted with gun shields that were  thick. Service history
 was ordered under the contract name   and was laid down on 25 May 1908 at the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel. She was launched on 5 June 1909 and christened by the mayor of Cöln, Max Wallraf, after which fitting-out work commenced. During the builders' sea trials, the Zoelly turbines were found to be poor quality and they were replaced with Germaniawerft-produced models. This work significantly delayed her completion. She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 16 June 1911, and she began her acceptance trials. These were interrupted by a fleet parade for Kaiser Wilhelm II on 5 September. On 10 October, she was assigned to the II Scouting Group, which screened for the battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group. She participated in the normal peacetime routine of individual, squadron, and fleet exercises and cruises over the next two years without incident. Hans Zenker served as her commander from October 1911 to September 1913. From 28 August to 21 September, she served as the flagship for  (Rear Admiral) Franz von Hipper, then the deputy commander of the reconnaissance forces, while Hipper was temporarily displaced from his usual flagship, the battlecruiser . Hipper left briefly, but returned on 26 September and remained aboard through the following year. During the autumn fleet maneuvers in September 1913,  attempted to warn the crew of zeppelin L 1 of the deteriorating weather conditions, but they did not receive the message. As a result, the zeppelin crashed off the island of Helgoland. After the conclusion of the maneuvers, Hipper lowered his flag, and he was replaced by  (Commodore) Leberecht Maass. The year 1914 began with the normal training routine, but as tensions rose following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June forced the cancellation of the planned fleet exercises for the end of July. Starting on 30 July, as war loomed,  was stationed in the German Bight to monitor maritime traffic. After the outbreak of World War I at the beginning of August 1914, she and several other cruisers were tasked with patrol duties in the Heligoland Bight. The cruisers were divided with the torpedo boat flotillas, and assigned to rotate through nightly patrols into the North Sea. From 1 to 7 August,  lay in the Schillig roadstead. She thereafter went to the mouth of the Weser, where she was joined by the cruiser  and the IV Torpedo-boat Flotilla. As part of the patrol operations,  conducted a sortie on the night of 15 August with  and the I and II Torpedo-boat Flotillas, without incident. Battle of Heligoland Bight

At the same time, British submarines began reconnoitering the German patrol lines. On 23 August, several British commanders submitted a plan to attack the patrol line with the light cruisers and destroyers of the Harwich Force, commanded by Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt. These ships would be supported by submarines and Vice Admiral David Beatty's battlecruisers and associated light forces. The plan was approved and set for 28 August. The British forces began to leave port on the evening of 26 August, beginning with the submarines assigned to the operation. Most of the surface forces went to sea early on the following morning; the 7th Cruiser Squadron, which had been added to provide further support to the Harwich Force, left port later in the day. On the morning of 28 August,  was re-coaling in Wilhelmshaven. Her sister, , was at anchor in the mouth of the Ems, and  lay in the entrance to the Weser. These three cruisers were assigned to support the cruisers  and , and the aviso , which were stationed on the patrol line that morning. At 07:57, the Harwich Force encountered the outer German torpedo boats, which fled back to the German cruisers on the patrol line. In the ensuing Battle of Heligoland Bight,  engaged the British force first, and was quickly reinforced by . Upon receiving reports of the action, Hipper ordered Maass to deploy his cruisers to support the engaged vessels. At 09:30,  steamed out of port. steamed to aid her sister , which was under heavy fire from several British cruisers and battlecruisers. At around 13:25, she came upon the damaged cruiser  and several destroyers. engaged the British ships briefly, but was interrupted by the appearance of the British battlecruisers. At 13:37,  made a 16-point turn and returned fire at the battlecruisers; the British ships turned to port to steam closer to , which in turn similarly altered course to escape. She was hit several times, however, including one hit that killed Maass. At 13:56, another German cruiser arrived on the scene, which distracted the British ships and allowed  to slip away to the north. About fifteen minutes later, she turned back south-east to return to port. The reversal of course brought her back in range of the British battlecruisers, however, which quickly opened fire and scored several damaging hits. The order to abandon ship was given, and men began gathering on the deck. Engineers set scuttling charges while the men topside prepared to go into the water. At 14:25, the ship rolled over and sank. The survivors expected the British to pick them up, but they had instead departed the battlefield. German ships searched the area three days later, to find only one survivor, Leading Stoker Neumann; the rest of the crew had died in the meantime. The wreck was moved in August 1979 to render it less of an underwater hazard. Some parts of the ship were salvaged and are now preserved in the Cuxhaven Shipwreck Museum. Footnotes

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Kolberg-class cruisers
Ships built in Kiel
1909 ships
World War I cruisers of Germany
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Maritime incidents in August 1914