Decomposition method
Decomposition method is a generic term for solutions of various problems and design of algorithms in which the basic idea is to decompose the problem into subproblems. The term may specifically refer to:

Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction) in constraint satisfaction
Decomposition method in multidisciplinary design optimization
Adomian decomposition method, a non-numerical method for solving nonlinear differential equations
Domain decomposition methods in mathematics, numerical analysis, and numerical partial differential equations
Cholesky decomposition method
Decomposition method in queueing network analysis