Golden Mile Complex
Golden Mile Complex () is a high-rise commercial and residential building on Beach Road in Kallang, Singapore, within walking distance to Nicoll Highway MRT station. The building was formerly known as Woh Hup Complex. Prior to collective sale, the complex contained 411 shops and 500 parking spaces. The building is largely an ethnic enclave for the Thai population in Singapore. History
In 1966, the Urban Renewal Department of the Housing and Development Board was formed to facilitate greater flexibility and autonomy in comprehensive redevelopment of Singapore's Central Area. The Golden Mile Complex development was the result of the department's first Sales of Sites programme in 1967. The "Golden Mile" refers to the strip of land between Nicoll Highway and Beach Road. It was planned by the Singapore Government as a high-rise spine fronting Kallang Basin. The area used to be occupied by squatters and small marine industries. Built at a cost of S$18 million and completed in 1973, the 16-storey Golden Mile Complex is one of the early pioneers of integrating multiple operations into a single mixed-use development in Singapore. Today, the complex's shopping mall houses numerous Thai clubs, shops and eateries, as well as tourist and ticketing agencies for travellers going to Malaysia by bus or coach. A minor upgrading was carried out on the Golden Mile Complex building in 1983, when tinted glass was added to the Beach Road façade to achieve the desired overall thermal transfer value rating. In 1986, the whole building was redecorated. In March 2006, the Golden Mile Complex was described as a "vertical slum", "terrible eyesore" and "national disgrace" by Singapore Nominated Member of Parliament Ivan Png: "Each individual owner acts selfishly, adding extensions, zinc sheets, patched floors, glass, all without any regard for other owners and without any regard for the national welfare." The residents have also done over their balconies to create an extra room. The Golden Mile Complex, which is located on a 99-year leasehold site starting from 1969, has been planned to be put up for an en bloc sale. On 11 August 2018, 80% of the owners signed an agreement agreeing to sell the complex in an en-block sale. On 22 October 2021, the Minister for National Development Desmond Lee announced the gazetting of the Golden Mile Complex as a conserved building. The Urban Redevelopment Authority announced incentives for potential buyers, such as allowing them to build a new tower block next to the conserved building. In May 2022, the complex was sold to a consortium (Perennial Holdings Private Limited, Sino Land and Far East Organization) for S$700 million. Architecture

The Golden Mile Complex is a commercial and residential development, providing offices, shopping, entertainment services and apartment living within its podium and stepped terrace structure, resulting in a modern architectural style known as Brutalism. It housed 360 shops, 200 offices and 72 residential apartments when completed in 1973. The building was designed by Gan Eng Oon, William Lim and Tay Kheng Soon of the Singapore architect firm Design Partnership, now known as DP Architects. Sited on 1.3 hectares and built to a height of 89 metres, the Golden Mile Complex is an exemplary type of "megastructure" described by architectural historian, Reyner Banham. It is one of the few that have been actually realised in the world. Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate Fumihiko Maki had called the Golden Mile Complex a "collective form". It successfully propagates high-density usage and diversity under a broad range of ideas advanced by the Japanese Metabolist Movement of the 1960s. The complex was designed as a "vertical city", which stands in contrast to homogenised cities where functional zoning restrains all signs of the latter's vitality. Conceived as a prototype for a lively environment, the design of the Golden Mile Complex was intended to catalyse urban development along Beach Road by employing an extruded section that would stretch along the East Coast facing the sea. In terms of public transport and accessibility, the building is serviced from the rear on Beach Road, instead of its frontage with Nicoll Highway, with a continuous pedestrian spine linking all buildings in the Golden Mile of Beach Road. The design was influenced by the linear city concepts of Le Corbusier and Arturo Soria y Mata. The step-terraced profile of the Golden Mile Complex offers the occupants of the apartments on the upper floors panoramic view of the sea and sky. Every apartment has its own balcony. The crown houses two-storey maisonette penthouses. The narrowness of this sloping slab form enhances natural ventilation and shades a lofty communal concourse above the podium along Beach Road. The step-terraced design also reduces the impact of noise from the road traffic. The Golden Mile Complex preceded by several years avant-garde stepped-section buildings which were built in the United Kingdom and Europe. The lower floors contain offices and a retail mall, located within staggered atria to allow natural light into the heart of the building. In April 2021, part of the ceiling near an entrance fell off, with no reported injuries. See also
 List of shopping malls in Singapore

References

Ethnic enclaves in Singapore
Skyscraper office buildings in Singapore
Shopping malls in Singapore
Landmarks in Singapore
Residential buildings completed in 1973
Kallang
1973 establishments in Singapore
Residential skyscrapers in Singapore
Brutalist architecture in Singapore
Modernist architecture
Thai diaspora in Asia
Thai Towns
20th-century architecture in Singapore