Fontessa
Fontessa is a 1956 album by the Modern Jazz Quartet released on Atlantic Records. It was the first of their albums released on Atlantic. The album was released in the USA in mono on the black Atlantic label with catalogue number 1231. It was released in the USA in stereo on the green Atlantic label with catalogue number SD 1231. The prefix SD stands for Stereo Disc. The current internationally available CD release is the mono version. A Japanese CD exists of the stereo version. Additionally both mono and stereo versions were released in many other territories, for example the UK with London LTZ-K 15022 for the mono and London SAH-K 6031 for the stereo. The 11-minute title tune by the group's pianist and musical director John Lewis was inspired by Commedia dell'arte, and the four characters depicted in it are pictured on the cover. Lewis wrote of it in the liner notes:

The Modern Jazz Quartet later made a full album based on this theme, The Comedy (1962). The title track was released on a 45-rpm 7-inch EP with the track being split across the two sides. The mono version of the album has a good recorded sound quality as one would expect from an important 1956 jazz release. The stereo version is marred by a number of technical flaws. The first of these is a very powerful mains hum consisting of a 60 Hz tone and its harmonics at 120 Hz and 180 Hz. The second flaw is a remarkably high level of tape hiss. Lastly, the level of the bass playing is much lower than that of the mono release. The combination of these errors would seem to suggest that the stereo recording was experimental in nature and that these recordings were probably only released after commercial pressure for a stereo version. The quality of the stereo image is high despite these flaws and it is possible to get a true sense of space and position of the players. Track 5, "Bluesology", features a different take on the mono and stereo versions of the record. A recent multi-CD retrospective release featured the mono version of the album, with the stereo version of this tune as a bonus track. Reception

The Allmusic review described the album as "a particularly strong all-around set", saying that Lewis's "Versailles" and the title track "show the seriousness of the group (and the influence of Western classical music)", while other pieces "look toward the group's roots in bop and permit the band to swing hard". It was ranked No. 25 on a list of "The 100 Jazz Albums That Shook The World" compiled by the British jazz magazine Jazzwise; they said the album "delivered a perfect blueprint for the many MJQ advances of the next decade". Track listing

 "Versailles" (John Lewis) – 3:22
 "Angel Eyes" (Earl Brent, Matt Dennis) – 3:48
 "Fontessa" (Lewis) – 11:12
 "Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg) – 3:50
 "Bluesology" (Milt Jackson) – 5:04
 "Willow Weep for Me" (Ann Ronell) – 4:47
 "Woody 'n' You" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 4:25

Personnel
 John Lewis – piano
 Milt Jackson – vibraphone
 Percy Heath – double bass
 Connie Kay – drums

References

1956 albums
Modern Jazz Quartet albums
Atlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Nesuhi Ertegun
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Albums recorded in a home studio