Mixed Chinese postman problem
The mixed Chinese postman problem (MCPP or MCP) is the search for the shortest traversal of a graph with a set of vertices V, a set of undirected edges E with positive rational weights, and a set of directed arcs A with positive rational weights that covers each edge or arc at least once at minimal cost. The problem has been proven to be NP-complete by Papadimitriou. The mixed Chinese postman problem often arises in arc routing problems such as snow ploughing, where some streets are too narrow to traverse in both directions while other streets are bidirectional and can be plowed in both directions. It is easy to check if a mixed graph has a postman tour of any size by verifying if the graph is strongly connected. The problem is NP hard if we restrict the postman tour to traverse each arc exactly once or if we restrict it to traverse each edge exactly once, as proved by Zaragoza Martinez. Mathematical Definition 
The mathematical definition is:

Input: A strongly connected, mixed graph  with cost  for every edge  and a maximum cost . Question: is there a (directed) tour that traverses every edge in  and every arc in  at least once and has cost at most ? Computational complexity 
The main difficulty in solving the Mixed Chinese Postman problem lies in choosing orientations for the (undirected) edges when we are given a tight budget for our tour and can only afford to traverse each edge once. We then have to orient the edges and add some further arcs in order to obtain a directed Eulerian graph, that is, to make every vertex balanced. If there are multiple edges incident to one vertex, it is not an easy task to determine the correct orientation of each edge. The mathematician Papadimitriou  analyzed this problem with more restrictions; "MIXED CHINESE POSTMAN is NP-complete, even if the input graph is planar, each vertex has degree at most three, and each edge and arc has cost one." Eulerian graph 
The process of checking if a mixed graph is Eulerian is important to creating an algorithm to solve the Mixed Chinese Postman problem. The degrees of a mixed graph G must be even to have an Eulerian cycle, but this is not sufficient. Approximation 
The fact that the Mixed Chinese Postman is NP-hard has led to the search for polynomial time algorithms that approach the optimum solution to reasonable threshold. Frederickson developed a method with a factor of 3/2 that could be applied to planar graphs, and Raghavachari and Veerasamy found a method that does not have to be planar. However, polynomial time cannot find the cost of deadheading, the time it takes a snow plough to reach the streets it will plow or a street sweeper to reach the streets it will sweep. Formal definition 
Given a strongly connected mixed graph  with a vertex set , and edge set , an arc set  and a nonnegative cost  for each , the MCPP consists of finding a minim-cost tour passing through each link  at least once. Given , , ,  denotes the set of edges with exactly one endpoint in , and . Given a vertex  , (indegree) denotes the number of arcs enter , (outdegree) is the number of arcs leaving , and  (degree) is the number of links incident with . Note that . A mixed graph  is called even if all of its vertices have even degree, it is called symmetric if  for each vertex , and it is said to be balanced if, given any subset  of vertices, the difference between the number of arcs directed from  to , , and the number of arcs directed from  to , , is no greater than the number of undirected edges joining  and , . It is a well known fact that a mixed graph  is Eulerian if and only if  is even and balanced. Notice that if  is even and symmetric, then G is also balanced (and Eulerian). Moreover, if  is even, the  can be solved exactly in polynomial time. Even MCPP Algorithm 

 Given an even and strongly connected mixed graph , let  be the set of arcs obtained by randomly assigning a direction to the edges in  and with the same costs. Compute  for each vertex i in the directed graph . A vertex   with  will be considered as a source (sink) with supply demand . Note that as  is an even graph, all supplies and demands are even numbers (zero is considered an even number). Let  be the set of arcs in the opposite direction to those in  and with the costs of those corresponding edges, and let  be the set of arcs parallel to  at zero cost. To satisfy the demands  of all the vertices, solve a minimum cost flow problem in the graph , in which each arc in  has infinite capacity and each arc in  has capacity 2. Let  be the optimal flow. For each arc  in  do: If , then orient the corresponding edge in  from  to  (the direction, from  to , assigned to the associated edge in step 1 was "wrong"); if , then orient the corresponding edge in G from  to  (in this case, the orientation in step 1 was "right"). Note the case  is impossible, as all flow values through arcs in  are even numbers. Augment  by adding  copies of each arc in . The resulting graph is even and symmetric. Heuristic algorithms 
When the mixed graph is not even and the nodes do not all have even degree, the graph can be transformed into an even graph. Let  be a mixed graph that is strongly connected. Find the odd degree nodes by ignoring the arc directions and obtain a minimal-cost matching. Augment the graph with the edges from the minimal cost matching to generate an even graph . The graph is even but is not symmetric and an eulerian mixed graph is even and symmetric. Solve a minimum cost flow problem in  to obtain a symmetric graph that may not be even . The final step involves making the symmetric graph  even. Label the odd degree nodes . Find cycles that alternate between lines in the arc set  and lines in the edge set  that start and end at points in . The arcs in  should be considered as undirected edges, not as directed arcs. Genetic algorithm 
A paper published by Hua Jiang et. al laid out a genetic algorithm to solve the mixed chinese postman problem by operating on a population. The algorithm performed well compared to other approximation algorithms for the MCPP. See also 

 Capacitated arc routing problem

References 

Computational problems in graph theory