Ellamae Simmons
Ellamae Simmons (March 26, 1918 – May 10, 2019) was the first Black female medical doctor in the United States to specialize in immunology. Life
Simmons graduated from Mount Vernon High School and hoped to study medicine and become a doctor. She was denied student housing and admission by Ohio State University. Instead, she attended Hampton Institute in Virginia, studying nursing. She went on to integrate the United States Army Nurse Corps as one of eight Black nurses during World War 2. After her service, she was finally admitted to The Ohio State University, studying pre-med. She was the first Black woman to live in an on-campus dormitory at the university. From OSU, she went on to Howard University College of Medicine, graduating with her MD in 1959. Simmons completed her residency in and later a Fellowship in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology at National Jewish Hospital in Denver. Simmons found work in 1964 at Kaiser Permanente San Francisco hospital after a harrowing job interview that lasted several days. She published her autobiography, Overcome: My Life in Pursuit of a Dream, in 2017 at the age of 97. References

1918 births
2019 deaths
American women in World War II
African-American physicians
American immunologists
African-American women academics
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics
20th-century African-American academics
20th-century American academics
People from Mount Vernon, Ohio
American women physicians
United States Army Nurse Corps officers
20th-century American women
African-American nurses
21st-century American women academics