List of international Turner Classic Movies channels
Turner Classic Movies, a movie-oriented network that was originally established as a cable channel in the United States, has expanded to include worldwide versions. History in the United States

Launch and contributions (1994–1996) 

Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14, 1994, at 6 p.m. Eastern Time, with Ted Turner launching the channel at a ceremony in New York City's Times Square district. The date and time were chosen for their historical significance as "the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City". The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, the same film that served as the debut broadcast of its sister channel TNT six years earlier on October 3, 1988. At the time of its launch, Turner Classic Movies was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. The network originally served as a competitor to AMC, which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to Turner Classic Movies, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format. Time Warner ownership (1996–2018) 
In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner which, besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella, also gave Turner Classic Movies access to Warner Bros.' library of films released after 1950 (which itself includes other acquired entities such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, Turner Classic Movies had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel. In the early 2000s, AMC abandoned its commercial-free format, which led to Turner Classic Movies being the only movie-oriented basic cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption or content editing. By 2002, AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films. TCM Movie Database (2006–2019) 
Launched in 2006, Turner Classic Movies maintains its own comprehensive database of actors, actresses, and film crew (listing more than 1.25 million people, with 15,000 written biographies), and motion picture titles (more than 130,000 titles), not limited to the film libraries that Turner Classic Movies owns, and it includes links by which a user can request that Turner Classic Movies schedule any title for viewing. TCM Movie Database has lost some functionality. The portal page is now unavailable, yet database entries are still available and function. Richard B. Steiner was the creator, architect, and supervisor of TCM Movie Database. By 2013, the Watch TCM app for iOS, Android, and Blackberry had some TCM Movie Database information. Leonard Maltin's reviews appear in the TCM Movie Database. Corporate restructuring (2019–present) 
On March 4, 2019, Time Warner's new owner AT&T (who renamed the company WarnerMedia) announced a planned reorganization to effectively dissolve the Turner Broadcasting System division, which involved Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Turner Classic Movies, and digital media company Otter Media being transferred directly under Warner Bros. Entertainment. Aside from Otter, which was transferred to WarnerMedia Entertainment on May 31, 2019, to oversee development of HBO Max, the newly transferred properties came under a newly formed division, Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classics. On September 1, 2021, Turner Classic Movies introduced a new logo and slogan, "Where Then Meets Now", in the network's first major rebranding since its launch. The rebranding was intended to give Turner Classic Movies a more modern and energetic presentation while continuing to emphasize its commitment to showcasing classic cinema; new branding elements include Technicolor-inspired color schemes, and a new stylized "C" in its wordmark, which resembles a camera lens and symbolizes themes of "curation", "context", "culture" and "connection". On June 20, 2023, multiple TCM executives (including executive vice president Pola Changnon, who had been with Turner for over 25 years) were released by the channel's current owner, Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), as part of layoffs affecting its U.S. Networks division. The network was to be moved under the oversight of Cartoon Network head Michael Ouweleen, and it was reported that there were plans for more synergies and cross-promotion of TCM with the rest of the networks group. The layoffs led to concerns over the future of the channel, with filmmakers Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Paul Thomas Anderson holding a meeting with WBD CEO David Zaslav to discuss them. They later issued a joint statement, explaining that the channel has been a "precious resource of cinema, open 24 hours a day seven days a week", and had "always been a profitable endeavor". On June 23, 2023, WBD appointed Warner Bros. Pictures' CEOs Michael De Luca and Pamela Abdy as heads of the network, reporting to head of U.S. Networks Kathleen Finch. The pair stated that "We have each spent time talking to Zaslav, separately and together, and it's clear that TCM and classic cinema are very important to him. Our primary aim is to ensure that TCM's programming is untouched and protected." On June 28, it was announced that Scorsese, Spielberg, and Anderson would actively collaborate with De Luca and Abdy on the network's direction; a spokesperson stated that "TCM is not immune to the very real pressure on the entire linear ecosystem, but we have taken steps to ensure that we stay true to the mission of the network — bringing more titles to the air, driving content investment, and preserving and protecting the culture of cinema." Canada
In Canada, Turner Classic Movies was debuted on November 1, 2005, on the Shaw Cable system and Shaw Direct satellite service. Rogers Cable started offering Turner Classic Movies on December 12, 2006, as a free preview channel for all digital customers, and added it to the "Ultimate TV" analogue package on or around February 1, 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian channel is generally the same as the US channel, some films are replaced for broadcast into Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Europe, the Middle East and Africa

In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Turner Classic Movies was available as ten separate channels for Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, France/Switzerland/Belgium, Germany/Switzerland, Greece/Cyprus, Italy, Middle East, Nordic countries, Spain, the UK/Ireland/Malta, and a pan-regional channel with various feeds in different languages for the Nordic countries, Benelux and other countries. While in Poland, it was introduced from 1998 until October 6, 2015, as part of the WizjaTV platform along with a local version of Cartoon Network. The European feed was launched in 1999 until January 1, 2014, when its predecessor, the international version of TNT, dropped its film programming to become a general entertainment channel. Its penetration increased when it took over TNT's space on various platforms in 1999 and 2000. In Romania, Turner Classic Movies aired after Cartoon Network on the same channel from 10:00 PM, local time. In the United Kingdom, Turner Classic Movies 2 launched on May 2, 2006. The channel, which is a spin-off from the UK version of Turner Classic Movies, Turner Classic Movies 2 focuses mainly on the bigger films from the MGM and Warner film archives, including Citizen Kane, The Wizard of Oz, Casablanca, It Happened At The World's Fair, Speedway, North by Northwest and Meet Me in St. Louis, among others. The channel closed on August 12, 2013, and was replaced with Turner Classic Movies +1 on August 13, 2013. The channel closed on 6 July 2023, while its sister channel Quest airs some of the channel's former film programming. In December 2013, the pan-European channel closed in Portugal. In September 2013, Turner Broadcasting System revealed its plans to close down the pan-European channel for the Benelux market. The channel closed on 1 January 2014. On 1 June 2017, TCM Europe closed down in all of the Nordic countries. In August 2018, The MENA feed dropped (Turner Classic Movies) tag and unveiled a new logo. The African TCM was rebranded to TNT in September 2018. In 2018, Greece has relaunched TCM again and was broadcasting on Cosmote, and broadcast in HD by 2019. In April 2019, TCM MENA became HD on beIN in the MENA Region. On 1 August 2019, Turner Classic Movies was rebranded to TCM Movies in the United Kingdom. Currently, TCM is only available in Spain, France, Switzerland and Belgium and the Middle East, North Africa, Greece, and Cyprus. Asia-Pacific

In Asia-Pacific, Turner Classic Movies was available as one feed that serves more than 14 territories. It was available in India until March 2, 2009, exclusively on Dish TV along with Boomerang. It is available in India on Tata Sky from August 2009 (Channel No. 357). It closed in January 2019. Latin America

TCM is also available in Latin America, but this version receives little attention unlike the US and Europe, Middle East and Africa counterparts. This version in Latin America was called TCM Classic Hollywood until mid-2009. Starting on April 1, 2009, TCM Latin America was renamed TCM Classic Entertainment and started airing most of the programming from the former channel Retro, also owned by Turner Broadcasting System, and which also aired classic series and movies. Its programming was aired on TCM as Retro was replaced by truTV. References

External links
 
 
 
 
 

Turner Classic Movies
Classic television networks