I wonder how much of the first experiment described is not due to causation, but is instead from certain kinds of people being both more likely to win and to cheat.<p>Some of the other ones do point to causation, but it would be interesting to see an experiment where people <i>thought</i> it was skill, but the actual winners were chosen randomly (e.g. you get points, and they tell you who wins at the end, but you don&#x27;t see the actual calculation, so you won&#x27;t be suspicious.)