There is also TS related body of knowledge about causal impact using the notion of counterfactuals. Google has sponsored research in the field [1] and also released an R package [2].<p>[1] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;research.google.com&#x2F;pubs&#x2F;pub41854.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;research.google.com&#x2F;pubs&#x2F;pub41854.html</a><p>[2] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;google.github.io&#x2F;CausalImpact&#x2F;CausalImpact.html" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;google.github.io&#x2F;CausalImpact&#x2F;CausalImpact.html</a>