&gt; To what degree gender is a social construct vs actually having non-minimal differences in the brain depending on your chromosomes is largely settled (IMO)<p>Gender (socially ascribed) is completely a social construct, consisting both of categorization by outward characteristics into some number of genders, and social stereotypical roles for those genders.<p>Biological sex features are entirely biological, but not entirely genetic (there are substantial environmental factors), and the genetic portion is more complex than most people thing -- and isn&#x27;t strictly binary at a genetic level, even before the variations in phenotype due to other factors come into play.<p>Gender <i>identity</i> is complicated, and I don&#x27;t think its at all well settled what the basis is; there&#x27;s certainly some influence from the surrounding societies construct of gender, there&#x27;s certainly some relation (beside just the biological sex features on which social gender constructs are overtly based) from biology (genetic and otherwise), and I don&#x27;t think there is any good model of exactly what contributions of each type exist, what other contributions exist, etc.