I don&#x27;t know about speed, most of the modules where speed matters, like Numpy, rely on calling C routines somewhere down the line. The version of Python shouldn&#x27;t make a significant difference.<p>Numpy, Scipy and Pandas work with Python 3, Jupyter certainly does. That covers probably 80% of scientific grunt work. For specialist applications, OpenCV 3.0 works, as does scikit-learn&#x2F;image. I can&#x27;t speak for other development like web though.<p>I think the main problem is that if you&#x27;re using someone else&#x27;s code in academia, it&#x27;s likely to be written in 2.7 and you would have to go through and update everything that&#x27;s not back-compatible.