&gt; But &quot;Fees&quot; are well within the POTUS purview.<p>No, they aren&#x27;t. (Except to the extent that fees have been authorized by statute and the authority to adjust them given the executive in the statute, but that clearly isn&#x27;t what you are referring to, since you are talking about arbitrarily introducing new fees.)<p>The executive has very little independent (that is, not dependent on Congressional action) domestic policy authority.