&gt; It&#x27;s even more unfortunate that the committees designing these protocols don&#x27;t think this way.<p>So. How would <i>you</i> design a system to permit associated or unassociated stations to <i>passively</i> determine whether or not they were in range of a given AP? Remember that unassociated stations <i>may</i> never have <i>ever</i> interacted with the AP in question before this moment.