The journal article referenced in the OP actually seems to use more than just Markov chains. <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;arxiv.org&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;1601.03313v2.pdf" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;arxiv.org&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;1601.03313v2.pdf</a>