I actually think the insulin response 100% affects psychology (which is why I think we are in agreement here, still).  At this level it gets very tricky to differentiate between &quot;just the psychology&quot; and a physical reaction, though, and so my point is there is no evidence of any bad health effects caused directly by the insulin response.  An insulin blood spike is not unhealthy for you in and of itself, but sometimes it will cause you to eat too much and that&#x27;s not good for you.  That gets into will power, which is the place where the mental and physical meet, and where both groups of models tend to not work particularly well.  It&#x27;s not well understood and it&#x27;s Complicated.<p>I agree with you about the sorry state of nutritional science, and when it comes to diet I&#x27;d love to see a lot more resources put into the psychological (especially reward pathway&#x2F;will power) aspects of it.