&gt;&quot;You can&#x27;t be selecting from existing mutants and &quot;just happen&quot; to get your transgenic product inserted at the exact site you specified. Your comment is just absurd.&quot;<p>This is very easy. If you take a very many cells, some small percent will be mutants at any given site (unless you claim zero background rates of mutation, which is absurd and also directly contradicted by the data in these same papers). If you give a treatment that raises&#x2F;causes the affinity of DNA damaging substances for a certain site, this will selectively damage the DNA of the non-mutant cells. The proliferation of the non-mutants will be suppressed and many will die off. The remaining mutants will proliferate to fill the gap. See my other post for a (very simple) mathematical model of this phenomenon.<p>This is not absurd at all. It is basic logic and algebra.  I will check that paper and get back to you. I actually have not read any using bacterial cells yet, thanks. Also, as far as I know there are no mathematical models of the standard proposed CRISPR mechanism that have been published, if you know of one that would be great.