Possible candidates for your definition of &quot;fundamental&quot;:<p>- CRISPR<p>- Machine Learning (the unsupervised variety, specifically)<p>- Quantum computing (not there yet)<p>I think these are the three we are &quot;on the cusp&quot; on. They&#x27;re the ones we&#x27;ll likely look back on 20 years from now and say &quot;yeah, that sure changed everything, didn&#x27;t it?&quot;