Payne-Gallwey&#x27;s &quot;The Book of the Crossbow&quot; is at least in the same category as the paper&#x27;s cited &quot;Great Warbow&quot;. At one point he tests a 15th century siege crossbow with a draw weight of 1200 lbs, which is probably close to the upper limit (and requires a heavy cranequin). IIRC the Mary Rose longbows were about 150 lbs.<p>But that&#x27;s a steel bow, which is stiffer than wood, and the draw length is pretty small.<p>W.F. Paterson published a test that compared a 70 lbs bow with a 740 lbs crossbow, and the initial velocity was about the same.<p>Now how that equates to actual damage is another issue, and I haven&#x27;t seen a really good test about that. One major factor that one has to consider is that damage varies with range, too. So what might look comparable at close range might be completely different at far range. (I think the Genoese were out-ranged by the English at Crecy.)