I&#x27;ve been reading The Vital Question by Nick Lane, where he puts forth some theories about the origin of eukaryotes, and life in general. It does make it seem that abiogenesis and eukaryote-genesis are much more difficult than we give them credit for.<p>So in the Drake Equation, I think that F[L] is probably pretty low.<p>And because eukaroyte genesis is difficult and only happened once (and it took a billion years of bacteria &amp; archea hanging out before we got a eukaryote), and eukaryotes are a prereq for multi-cellular organisms and thus intelligent life, F[i] is also really low.<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;The-Vital-Question-Evolution-Origins&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0393088812" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;The-Vital-Question-Evolution-Origins&#x2F;d...</a>