No fraud is necessary, just sloppy interpretation of data.<p>Staying with Schuman et al (2015) linked in this thread, they start with 2.5 x 10^5 cells and end up with 5 x 10^4 to 2 x 10^5 three to four days later. Why are there fewer cells even without accounting for any division? Because the treatment is toxic. This is reported in many papers.<p>I don&#x27;t know what the proliferation rate is like for the cells in the conditions of that study, but apparently up to 7 divisions in 4 days is considered plausible for T-cells: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pubmed&#x2F;17367338" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pubmed&#x2F;17367338</a>