&gt; Kids disengage from math for many different reasons. There is no single pattern to it.<p>I agree with a lot of what you&#x27;re saying, but not this.  The pattern is depressingly clear.  People are taught math by teachers who don&#x27;t really understand it and didn&#x27;t like it themselves; most of the students wind up in the same place, and so each generation poisons the next.  Elementary school teachers especially tend to be drawn from the subset of the population that doesn&#x27;t like math.<p>And it starts with the idea that math is all about rote memorization.  I would go farther than Marvin did with the flash cards.  I would say, for each fact, let&#x27;s work it out by the standard algorithm, then see if we can find two or three more ways to arrive at it: by distributing multiplication over addition (e.g. 7 × 6 = (6 + 1) × 6 = 6 × 6 + 6 = 36 + 6) or by factoring one multiplicand and reassociating (e.g. 7 × 6 = 7 × 2 × 3 = (7 × 3) × 2 = 21 × 2, which is easy because you can double both digits of 21 without generating a number bigger than 10).<p>So when I read the reply of the &quot;traditional teacher&quot; to the 6-year-old who had a novel way of computing 15 + 15 -- &quot;Your answer is right but your method was wrong&quot; -- I think that if this was a real anecdote, the teacher should have been fired on the spot, for not understanding the first thing about mathematics!  But sadly, no one could probably have been found to replace this teacher who wouldn&#x27;t have suffered from the same fundamental misconception.  <i>It&#x27;s not about knowing the &quot;right&quot; way: it&#x27;s about knowing</i> many <i>ways</i>.