I don&#x27;t know about papers, but I&#x27;ve read writeups from companies adding a &quot;delay&quot;, usually with a progress bar, for things that are actually near-instant to perform.  For &quot;large&quot; seeming operations, sometimes users assume an instant response actually means a failure.<p>DigitalOcean&#x27;s Create Droplet flow comes to mind.  You get a progress bar indicating your droplet is being created, but in just a few seconds you can click &quot;My Droplets&quot; and go use it immediately.