I am a strong supporter of globalization, but pessimistic about government&#x27;s ability to help the people who you describe as being left behind. Retraining has the worst record of the programs you describe, and &#x27;education&#x27; usually does little (probably because of signalling).  I am most vigorously opposed to government-backed &#x27;education loans&#x27;, which do little more than drive up tuition.  I am generally opposed to welfare, because is does little to ameliorate the human issues related to joblessness, and basic income is little better, though BI can give people some flexibility to make their own choices.  A globalization &#x27;bonus&#x27; or temporary boost in BI might be worth considering (and testing), but we should also encourage people to adapt to the new world instead of building up resentment while refusing to change.<p>It also seems that we should each take some personal responsibility, and help whomever we can.  It is too often that we pawn off our responsibilities and moral duties on society.