(Disclosure: one of the authors here)<p>I don&#x27;t think CAT can be used to partition kernel and userspace -- I&#x27;m not even sure how you&#x27;d go about doing that given that you can (and do) have shared pages between them.<p>That being said, from our experiments, if you&#x27;re using userspace network and NVMe drivers the context switch and associated cache pollution is not a problem, since it is happening pretty infrequently (primarily just timer interrupts, and those can be turned off, but we haven&#x27;t needed to).