In addition, I find the claim crediting the Communist government for adopting Latin character to be bogus. If this is true, then south Vietnam would be a lot more illiterate than the north and not the thriving commercial and research center it is today, simply because these government-sponsored programs would be most effective in the northern part where the central government is. In fact, the Communist government was driven out into hiding in rural area as soon as they declared independence. So they wouldn&#x27;t have the time or mean to implement country-wide education reforms. As one data point, my
 grandma, who did not come from privileged background and was born in 1920 and like most of her peers spoke and wrote French and Vietnamese fluently, received all her education prior to 1945. I&#x27;m pretty sure the Latin writing adoption was started much earlier and it was more natural simply because it&#x27;s  closest to French, which was the official language at the time