You are kind of conflicting yourself in your argument against modularization, by noting that different manufacturers already share major sub-assembly. The electric systems have been going towards bus-like approach with microcontrollers. Which should again provide easy enough sub-assembly to be installed afterwards. This is demonstrated by the fact that they are sometimes outsourced.<p>But about 3D printing I agree. You can print paneling to your taste, but that&#x27;s about it.<p>But then again all custom production is getting more and more accessible to end customer. You can order custom water jet cut sheet metal at your door these days.<p>Maybe something like this could happen: Order chassis and engine from BMW. Print side panels with CAD files you ordered from some Korean designer. Order hood from Jaguar and interior from Versace. Final assembly is done by &quot;chop shop&quot; who prints and orders all the necessary parts to connect the stuff you ordered.