You have the right idea but it&#x27;s <i>way</i> more that you think. Intel spends over a <i>billion</i> dollars per <i>quarter</i> on all their tech.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;ycharts.com&#x2F;companies&#x2F;INTC&#x2F;r_and_d_expense" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;ycharts.com&#x2F;companies&#x2F;INTC&#x2F;r_and_d_expense</a><p>I agree R&amp;D on any given bit of HW design is at <i>least</i> tens of millions. Probably more than once per year going back a decade given it&#x27;s custom and formally verified. Standard cell approximating that would be a fraction of it but still ridiculously high if aiming for competitive performance&#x2F;watt.