To reach Twilio or Nexmo, you need Internet right ? In fact, there is a rapidsms-twilio app [1], so you can use any backend you want.<p>But in Burundi, Internet service providers sucks. They can spend 1 day with downtime, without excuse and communicating anything.<p>Beside an SMS in Burundi cost ~$0.02. So...<p>Also Kannel is also used by telcos. So it&#x27;s a good tutorial about using Kannel ...<p>[1]: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;caktus&#x2F;rapidsms-twilio" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;caktus&#x2F;rapidsms-twilio</a>