Ok, I see my misunderstanding.  Gene driving takes both genetic engineering, like the process you pointed to initially, and it would require a catch-and-(selective)-release approach that works on guiding sexual reproduction (sorta like domestication, not gene therapy).  (Aside: This reminds me of the TED talk <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ted.com&#x2F;talks&#x2F;paul_ewald_asks_can_we_domesticate_germs?language=en" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ted.com&#x2F;talks&#x2F;paul_ewald_asks_can_we_domesticate...</a> )<p>It makes a lot more sense to me when looking at it on a population level, rather than genetic.  Emphasizing gene-level enhancements seems to inspire a &quot;one-and-done approach&quot; view, when as in the paper you added, its authors note several open questions they want to answer later (like these two):<p>* <i>How can large numbers of high-quality modified insects be reared economically? In this context, how can insect quality be assessed?</i><p>* <i>How should potential risks relating to the long-term instability&#x2F;evolution of self-sustaining genetic elements be investigated, assessed and mitigated?</i><p>It seems, they have eyes bigger than their stomachs.<p>I will keep my eyes open to new tools from a wide range of fields.  Influencing mosquito populations&#x27; genetics seems worthwhile, long-term.  To get behind it, I simply want to see some practical approaches, like some phenotypic sorting tools, and some studies showing good mosquito DNA diffs.  As related to this article, how&#x2F;when could this work at scale in all parts of Earth mentioned here?