I&#x27;d love to see a study of the relative effects of hierarchy and cooperation in problem-solving effectiveness and inventiveness, with some interest in what positive non-toxic hierarchy looks like.<p>The right kind of leadership really does seem to make everyone more focused and effective. But there are so many wrong kinds of leadership that the best outcome happen very rarely; bad leadership seems to be immensely destructive of group ability, and is much worse than ad hoc cooperation with no formal leadership.