&gt; Miscommunication occurs in most pure english interactions<p>Citation needed.<p>[Edit:  On reflection, this statement is probably true, if you define &quot;miscommunication&quot; to be &quot;the message sent is not <i>exactly</i> the same as the message received&quot;.  But I think that is an unreasonable definition.<p>I think it is more reasonable to define &quot;miscommunication&quot; as &quot;the message sent is not <i>substantially</i> the same as the message received&quot;.  If you claim that, I&#x27;d like to see your citations.]