The authors primary concern is that lightning will produce a hub and spoke model.<p>The design has been a true peer-to-peer payments network without hubs for quite a while[1].<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;lists.linuxfoundation.org&#x2F;pipermail&#x2F;lightning-dev&#x2F;2015-July&#x2F;000019.html" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;lists.linuxfoundation.org&#x2F;pipermail&#x2F;lightning-dev&#x2F;20...</a>