In the future I believe you are going to see less emphasis on the aggressive speedup of C code for traditional CPUs. Instead you will see many more gadgets with simpler processors that run C code slower in the effort to save power. GPGPUs and algorithm specific hardware (e.g. video, crypto, network, DSP, neural nets) will fill out the rest of the chip.  At some point GPUs will have enough raw power and GP features for it to be possible to run an instance of a late-80&#x27;s operating system within the working set of a single GPU processing element (perhaps with virtual memory emulated as in jslinux.) At that point the need for a power hungry CPU and artificial CPU&#x2F;GPU distinction will start to fade away completely. Along with Peak Oil we will have Peak CPU.<p>So, in general I am saying that the road to better performance will not be in aggressive compiler optimization, but rather in higher level design tools to manage totally new software&#x2F;hardware abstractions. Binaries will be specified at a higher level and look more like source code.  At this point my crystal ball becomes admittedly a bit fuzzy.