You know what&#x27;s <i>worse</i> than rolling a die? Distributed decision making. Yes, moving information up and down the hierarchy takes time, but coordinating a distributed structure takes <i>exponentially</i> more time (and I mean it literally, it&#x27;s graph theory 101), and with decision making it&#x27;s usually more important that everyone is on the same page than that the decision is optimal. Army, which pops as an example in this thread, understand that perfectly well, hence the chain of command.