&gt; There&#x27;ll be a few software developers capable of understanding computing from A to Z who will write the libraries and the tools, and everybody else will be a consumer of these tools writing apps for the end users.<p>The problem is that all the money is in the end-user facing applications. If you publish a research paper in some CS journal explaining a brilliant new algorithm, that is not worth very much (if anything). When somebody packages that up into a product that they can sell to users, or charge for the use of, then they&#x27;ve captured most of the value.