<i>until recently, women generally move when their husbands get a new job</i><p>In academia we usually refer to this as the &quot;two-body problem&quot;.  It sometimes results in a spouse earning less because they can&#x27;t negotiate as effectively; on the other hand, it also often results in a spouse being hired who wouldn&#x27;t otherwise have been.  Statements like &quot;I&#x27;d love to work here, but my husband will need to find a job too... can you hire him as a lecturer?&quot; are far from uncommon.