&gt; Even a short for a nanosecond can cause irreversible damage.<p>Jumped out at me. 1 nanosecond is 10-9 second, assuming two switching elements with a 10 Ohm RDSON connected to the rails (probably on the low side, such small elements usually have a rather high ON resistance) that&#x27;s a 20 Ohm series resistance on 3.3V causing assuming an instantaneous rise (which it won&#x27;t be) which leaves you with about 0.5 nano-Joule of energy spread out over two locations. That&#x27;s an extremely small amount of energy to be able to cause damage, surprising!