Thanks for asking! My answer, of course, depends on the particular scenario. I&#x27;ve had success with simple static methods, especially early in a project. I&#x27;d also consider some kind of composition (has-a vs is-a). The latter can be especially nice as static methods gain complexity in the form of more parameters&#x2F;variations. This also shines if there&#x27;s meaningful alternative implementations that can be swapped or if you&#x27;re writing business logic and some legitimate business concepts start to congeal out of the code being re-used.