5-10 times smaller for regular ones with it closer to 50 for separation kernels. That&#x27;s not a fair comparison, though, as you need extra components to support the unikernel or just components on the kernel. A more fair comparison might be L4Re, a stripped GenodeOS, OKL4 w&#x2F; necessary software, or NOVA with necessary software.<p>L4Re was the first attempt I believe at an environment for apps on L4:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;os.inf.tu-dresden.de&#x2F;L4Re&#x2F;overview.html" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;os.inf.tu-dresden.de&#x2F;L4Re&#x2F;overview.html</a>