In every EU country digital signatures have the same validity as physical signatures since a long time (Directive 1999&#x2F;93&#x2F;EC). Most company filings are submitted electronically. Every state keeps a list of certified identification providers, which are mutually recognised. This list usually includes some government agencies, the national post service, sometimes banks, professional associations, chambers of commerce, and other private providers.
The identification device is either a smartcard or an RSA dongle. The smartcard can be also used as PKI certificate for remote logine, S&#x2F;MIME signatures, etc.<p>What is so special about the Estonian programme?