I don&#x27;t understand why you feel that there needs to be a space in order to have a collection of nodes and edges that connect the nodes.<p>It isn&#x27;t as if there is an actual line connecting two dots across space.<p>It&#x27;s just, there&#x27;s a set of &quot;points&quot; (there doesn&#x27;t need to be any things about these &quot;points&quot; other than that they are distinct. You could think of them as urelements I guess.), and another set of &quot;edges&quot;, which are each a set of two elements from the first set.<p>A pair of &quot;points&quot; are &quot;connected&quot; by an &quot;edge&quot; iff the set comprised of those two &quot;points&quot; is in the second set.<p>This doesn&#x27;t need a notion of space to work, unless you need like, an idea of space to have collections of things. So unless &quot;the collection of odd numbers&quot; needs an idea of space, then graphs don&#x27;t need space.