&gt; As far as taxation and shipping go, not really. The Law of the Sea grants the right of innocent passage to all ships, so a country can&#x27;t tax or harass ships merely passing through its waters. This holds for territorial waters as well as the Exclusive Economic Zone.<p>I was unclear on the tax point, sorry; the extending of the baseline may determine the entitlement to tax resource use and extraction. You are correct in that UNCLOS prohibits tax of innocent passage.<p>On shipping it is also my understanding that UNCLOS grants broad rights to passage, though these are subject to those exceptions you mentioned, as well as an exception for &quot;internal waters&quot;. I believe a couple cases turned on islands (which I am sure you also know about better than I do– my background is academic and dated!).<p>As an interesting aside, the word tariff comes from Tarifa, Spain, which would tax ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar.<p>Just for ease of any future readers, the actual convention is not horribly complex, and is at: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.un.org&#x2F;depts&#x2F;los&#x2F;convention_agreements&#x2F;texts&#x2F;unclos&#x2F;UNCLOS-TOC.htm" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.un.org&#x2F;depts&#x2F;los&#x2F;convention_agreements&#x2F;texts&#x2F;uncl...</a>