Yes, emails are currently required on almost every site. I draw this line because BrowserID&#x2F;Persona (and similar efforts) are quite special - we jump from the pages to browser&#x27;s chrome, making user-agent actually handle authentication.<p>I think that the first major standard to come - that&#x27;d be embedded in the browser - could change this game rules, because it must be (well - I don&#x27;t know, I just think it is) a big thing. Even users who don&#x27;t care would&#x27;ve bought secure yet seamless authentication, neat identity management and so on. But not something after this, because the momentum would be lost and there won&#x27;t be enough incentive to switch.<p>So, the first standard must have something sensible as credential, or - I fear - it will be a long time before we can hope for any changes. Maybe I&#x27;m wrong here.