I find it <i>really</i> odd that all of the mentioned studies fail to mention whether natural (d-alpha tocopherol) or synthetic (dl-alpha) was used.  (Not just in the abstracts; the full texts don&#x27;t say, that I can find.)<p>And the author bothers me in repeatedly calling beta-carotene an &quot;antioxidant&quot;.<p>In fact, most of these studies attribute the negative results to the <i>beta-carotene supplementation</i> (<i>not</i> Vitamin E or other antioxidants), with Vitamin E by itself producing neutral or positive results.