&gt; But as Numba has shown, it&#x27;s achievable to write a CPython-to-LLVM-IR compiler for subsets of the language, then add NumPy-awareness, and add multiple targets like GPUs, and achieve better-than-PyPy speed ups jitting pure Python (CPython) code.<p>Most python code I write would get 0 speedup from that. I think numeric optimization is a very different target than compiling and optimizing general purpose python code. I don&#x27;t see either strategies &quot;winning&quot; in the near future.