What I&#x27;ve noticed personally is that searching&#x2F;researching for some very specific purchasable term (e.g. Love sac furniture) triggers the targeted advertisting.  The thing is, the ad agency does not know whether I&#x27;ve made the purchase or not.  Usually, I&#x27;ll start researching something 1 day to 2-3months before purchasing depending on how large of a purchase it is, so the ads are useful up to the point I use the ad to make the purchase.  Unfortunately, after the purchase is done, the ad just becomes irrelevant and annoying.<p>So there&#x27;s probably a significant number of people where targeted advertising is able to get the click that leads to the purchase.  In reality, it&#x27;s probably just taking organic traffic that would have purchased anyway and counting it as a targeted advertising win versus an organic purchase.