You are making a very common mistake, the idea that investment is not spent in the broader economy.  Savings&#x2F;investment does push resources into the economy.  An investment in Tesla, to use your example, is immediately put to work buying supplies and hiring researchers.  It isn&#x27;t like the investment is sitting as stacks of paper in a room at Tesla HQ.  Similarly a bank uses its savings to lend to people and businesses, who in turn use those resources to buy homes or fund businesses.  A student loan is very much spending, the purchase of college tuition with it in turn funds professors&#x27; salaries, campus operations, and so on.