There are more statistics than a simple frequentist-style hypothesis testing. You can totally make a probability statement about equality if you allow Bayesian-style statistics. Frequentist-style hypothesis testing was designed for a time when computations were done by hand and data was scarce, but we can do better now.<p>You can also just outright swap around your null and alternative hypotheses for a frequentist-style test. For example, your null hypothesis could be &quot;proportion of women to men is 0.1&quot; and your alternative hypothesis is that it isn&#x27;t, for a standard two-tailed test.