Evolution is not on rails, so you&#x27;re right that there&#x27;s no derailing it. But I think the implications here are pretty clear: we co-evolved in a symbiotic relationship with our gut microbes, the same way that bees and flowers co-evolved, and (per the article) we should worry about antibiotics much like we worry about bee-killing pesticides. I&#x27;m sure the bees will evolve pesticide resistance given a few millennia, but we operate on a much shorter timescale, and we would suffer ill consequences from losing them entirely.