&gt; I suspect that productivity simply isn&#x27;t increasing for a lot of jobs. Such as janitorial services - there&#x27;s no automation there, the janitor with a mop and a bucket is doing the same thing he&#x27;s done for decades.<p>I don&#x27;t think that is true. Look at the tech and machinery a janitor uses to day vs what would have been used in the 70&#x27;s. Plus, nowadays buildings are often designed to make janitorial work in them as efficient as possible. There are certainly many fewer janitors &#x2F; m^2 building area today than in the 70&#x27;s so in a way you can janitors productivity has increased a lot.<p>In my apartment a water pipe broke recently which required immediate attention from a repairman otherwise it would have caused a flood. The closest one working standby which was dispatched by the landlord was over 20 km away. So for an apartment population of 200k+ you have only 2-3 repairmen servicing emergency problems. That&#x27;s incredibly efficient.