I can see how it could feel that way, but look at this this way:<p>Problem: your ratio of X&#x27;s to Y&#x27;s is too low due to long-term, subtle discrimination. You have finite resources to solve the problem.<p>Potential solution #1: put money into training more X&#x27;s and Y&#x27;s indiscriminately.<p>Upside: no exclusion, seems &quot;fair&quot;.<p>Downside: while it may improve your X:Y ratio, it does so very slowly and with a lot of that training money &quot;wasted&quot; on something that wasn&#x27;t really your goal. It also doesn&#x27;t really work if it&#x27;s basically the same as your old training programs, because whatever subtle discrimination occurred there will just occur here too. Also, as soon as you stop, the existing discriminatory training systems will put the ratio right back where it was.<p>Potential solution #2: put money into just training X&#x27;s.<p>Upside: very targeted, and effects are much faster. Can balance whatever subtle discrimination lead to the problem in the first place, like by placing training centres near where the X&#x27;s live or exploiting other things they may have in common. May solve the problem more permanently by increasing the number of X&#x27;s with the better knowledge of how to train future X&#x27;s.<p>Downside: can feel &quot;unfair&quot; to Y&#x27;s.<p>The fact is, if you want to increase your X:Y ratio, you&#x27;ll get here faster and cheaper via X+1:Y rather than X+1:Y+1.