One less obvious area in which Kuhn has exerted tremendous influence, and one not mentioned in this story, is on philosophy, and especially the history of ethics. Alasdair MacIntyre&#x27;s framing of moral thinking as &quot;history-constituted tradition&quot; was sparked by Kuhn&#x27;s similar framing of scientific thinking. Except MacIntyre uses this approach to discredit the entirety of academic moral philosophy, from Hume to Rawls. And, while doing so, exposes popular ethical maxims as the arbitrary parodies of such work. He now advocates a return to &quot;Thomistic realism,&quot; initiated by Aristotle and developed by Aquinas.<p>Here&#x27;s one of his papers that outlines the application of Kuhn to philosophy: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ifac.univ-nantes.fr&#x2F;IMG&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;Texte_de_Macintyre_1977_-_Intervention_de_Vincent_Boyer.pdf" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ifac.univ-nantes.fr&#x2F;IMG&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;Texte_de_Macintyre_19...</a><p>On a slightly different note:<p>&gt;Kuhn, like Popper, thought that science was mainly about theory, but an increasing amount of cutting-edge scientific research is data- rather than theory-driven.<p>Science always proclaims to be &quot;data driven.&quot; Galileo and the Ptolemaics were working with the same &quot;data.&quot; When Aristotle examined the bones of animals, he was working with the same &quot;data&quot; as Darwin. What changes is how they interpret it: what standards of truth and observation they observe in its collection and synthesis. There is no such thing as &quot;raw data.&quot;