The last time I looked at this, most of the arguments were focused on mathematical rigor of comparing NULL to NULL.  Are they the equal or not?  (The RDBMS of Oracle, MSSQL, etc don&#x27;t all agree.)  It doesn&#x27;t matter which interpretation one favors, it will eventually lead to a logical contradiction.<p>If you took away the Nullable&lt;T&gt; concept to conveniently add 3-value logic to value types, <i>the same philosophical problem still remains</i>.  If you force programmers to manually reinvent their own 3-value logic (e.g. manually add in an extra bool variable &quot;HasValue&quot; to signify whether <i>another variable&#x27;s</i> content is &quot;valid&quot;, <i>you still have the same conceptual problem</i> your pdf is grappling with.