I&#x27;ve used Async and LWT in OCaml—libraries for monadic asynchronous programming—and the abstraction can still be useful without syntax sugar.<p>Hell, JavaScript promises are basically a bastardized and slightly inconsistent monad, and they&#x27;re still useful even without syntax sugar. If we could generalize over the API and use them for other things it would be even better, but that&#x27;s not the JavaScript way.