Some articles are open access. In one case, for example, they used bomb calorimetry:<p><i>Bomb calorimetry performed on eight batches ofsimilar formula prepared in the research kitchen of the Rockefeller University Hospital between April 1988 and July 1990 had a coefficient of variation for Id&#x2F;g of 1 .9%.</i><p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;ajcn.nutrition.org&#x2F;content&#x2F;55&#x2F;2&#x2F;350.long" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;ajcn.nutrition.org&#x2F;content&#x2F;55&#x2F;2&#x2F;350.long</a><p>Again, I&#x27;ve seen little evidence of excreting unprocessed calories being a common case. And if we&#x27;re looking at weight loss anyway, excreting some calories would even be an advantage.