The code example was meant to illustrate the pattern while still being something that&#x27;s semi-reasonable to write in a web form.  Obviously in real life you&#x27;d want to do something with p, q, and r, which could make the chain of ANDs [not a pattern I am averse to in general] a bit more clumsy.  YMMV.<p>I guess the other point I am trying to make is that success and failure can hit mostly the same code.  Your snippet only checks for failure.