A latency&#x2F;throughput benchmark comparing the two is effectively comparing the latency&#x2F;throughput of a socket from A to B. The same benchmark for NATS would be a socket from A to NATS and NATS to B. Obviously the latency of going over the wire once is going to be lower than going over the wire twice.<p>A proper comparison would need to include the forwarding device for ZeroMQ.