I no longer have access to that analysis so can&#x27;t answer.  However as a result of that study and other experiences, I&#x27;ve come to accept that the result was reasonable.  For example while duck typing is very convenient for a developer, automatic type checking really does have a maintenance benefit.<p>Here is an example.  It is no fun tracking down months after a change that a particular combination of code paths caused a run-time exception because developer 1 was plugging objects into code written by developer 2 where developer 2 expected a specific method to be available and developer 1 didn&#x27;t do it.  And this wasn&#x27;t visible until you hit an error path because service 3 had a momentary outage that, in theory, the system was written to recover from.<p>A compile time checked type system can prevent this class of error.  Scripting languages allow it.  In small projects this kind of dependency is OK because they happen rarely and are reasonably easy to fix.  In large projects it stops being easy to fix.