Ah!  Good suggestion. I have read the book you referenced and it reminds me of a particular test in &quot;The O.S.S. And I&quot; where a trainee is led by a &quot;hotel owner&quot; in occupied territory to the attic to retrieve a list of co-conspirators before the police arrive, which is signaled by the hotelier shouting from the outside.<p>In one case, a French paratrooper heard the warning and immediately dashed past him and out of sight. It took two hours until his hiding spot was discovered. When asked why he ran away, he answered that by alerting his presence so loudly it implied the hotelier was in fact working with the police and couldn&#x27;t be trusted.<p>Going back to Kahneman, I would interpret that as a System 1 reaction geared towards survival, rather than following the rules. There is a line in the book that says something to the effect of: &quot;A spy must be a man of integrity, but he must also be willing at a moment&#x27;s notice to act as a criminal by lying, cheating, or killing, to serve his country.&quot;