More mundanely, see FPGAs. They can be thought of as &quot;computers&quot; (and you can build a von Neumann core on one), but are programmed using different languages (Verilog, VHDL) and a completely different paradigm that involves lots of parallelism.<p>There have been attempts to force imperative&#x2F;functional paradigms into FPGAs, but they have not been well-received simply because it doesn&#x27;t make much sense to do that.