Consumers have a lot of &quot;skin in the game&quot; right now between being uninsured, or having significant co-insurance, or high-deductible&#x2F;catastrophic plans, etc., but they do not generally have the information to make informed decisions about their own care.  Some research suggests patients with these kind of plans do spend less, but largely by foregoing preventative care:  <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;commonhealth.wbur.org&#x2F;2012&#x2F;05&#x2F;consumers-health-costs" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;commonhealth.wbur.org&#x2F;2012&#x2F;05&#x2F;consumers-health-costs</a><p>As for the cost-benefit thing, do you think insurers are not doing it?