There are many huge biases at the core of all western philosophy.  &#x27;Self&#x27; as a meaningful separate unit is one of them.  To take a slightly different take on a famous quote.  &#x27;It is presumed that I exist and I think, therefore I exist.&#x27;  Even logic stems from a way of thinking, A and !A could both be true if you step out of the mindset of Truth with a T.<p>The problem with looking at world philosophy is you find &#x27;western&#x27; philosophy is an ecco chamber as far from math as literary criticism.<p>PS: Not to offend people, but a huge chunk of western philosophy was so closely tied to religious thinking it&#x27;s actually painful to read.  Though this stuff is often a footnote in most philosophy programs.