1. Gaussian blur is just a spatial convolution (recall from signal processing). If a network is susceptible to adversarial examples, it will still be susceptible after a Gaussian blur (assuming the adversary knows you&#x27;re applying a Gaussian blur. If the adversary doesn&#x27;t, that&#x27;s just security by obscurity, and they&#x27;ll find out eventually).<p>2. A sequence of frames does not solve the issue because you can have a sequence of adversarial examples (although it would certainly make the actual physical process of projecting onto the camera more difficult, but not really any more difficult than the original problem of projecting an image onto a camera).<p>3. Using something conventional like LIDAR as a backup is the right approach IMO, and I totally agree with you there. But Tesla and lots of other companies aren&#x27;t doing that because it&#x27;s too expensive.