&gt;an even greater number are run by modern snake-oil salespeople tapping into the average American’s desperation.<p>I need to see some data on this.<p>It is true that whenever code is being written, someone on the team needs to understand the problem well enough to ensure that the requirements are being met with an appropriate architecture and design. In many organizations, these roles are filled by experienced persons, and the project just needs programmers.<p>Boot camps should do two things: 1) Identify persons with a mind for programming and the will to learn it; 2) accelerate that learning far beyond what a person can self-teach, with a focused curriculum that will enable them to contribute to a team on completion.<p>The point of the &#x27;everyone learn to code&#x27; movement is to address the long term loss of better-paying manufacturing jobs with jobs that pay better than minimum wage. For sure, not everyone qualified for manufacturing is going to be a good programmer, but manufacturing automation is expanding, our competitiveness will depend on it, and the manufacturing robots and systems need to be programmed by someone.