Regarding ALGOL (I can&#x27;t still access the spec), does the standard actually provides for manual memory management or does it only have the equivalent of malloc and no free? (I do not doubt that practical implementations had both).<p>Regarding hardware safety, I believe we might see a resurgence of builtin support for safety features. CPU designers have more transistors available than they know what to do with it: after adding yet another execution unit and widening the vector lenght again, they are reaching a diminishing return point, so they might switch to adding back these safety features.<p>And in fact it is already happening: W^X and virtualization can be considered as belonging in this area, and more recently Intel added MPX and MPK that are a more direct attempt at userspace security features.<p>New architectures are being designed with security in mind, like the vaporware^Wupcoming Mill.