Those resistors are not part of the flop, they&#x27;re just there to limit current through the LEDs to make the state visible. See here for a D flip flop: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Flip-flop_(electronics)#&#x2F;media&#x2F;File:Edge_triggered_D_flip_flop.svg" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Flip-flop_(electronics)#&#x2F;media...</a>.<p>My point was about Vcc and ground was just meant as a response to the &quot;power-related analog components&quot;. If you don&#x27;t already have a regulated power rail even a single NAND gate won&#x27;t be able to do it&#x27;s thing, so its definitely a requirement but if you say you are allowed a functional NAND gate you must be allowed power rails as part of that.