&gt; When investigating the intersection of unconscious attitudes (often shaped by culture) and performance, gender is more relevant than sex.<p>This is a very broad statement which is trivial to prove false. Look at powerlifting: men perform better than women, and testosterone plays a well-understood role in this performance. This is a function of sex, not gender. And while it&#x27;s most numerically provable and obvious in powerlifting, this is true for a lot of sports.<p>At a more fundamental level, I question whether the gender&#x2F;sex divide is scientifically valid. One can point to the example of a transman and say, &quot;Their female sex didn&#x27;t align with their male gender at birth&quot; but that seems like a very surface assessment; it&#x27;s also possible that chemicals released by (for example) their brain or pituitary, are causing the dysphoria they experienced. Are we to claim that ovaries and testicles are sex, and the brain and pituitary is gender? Or might it make more sense to broaden our understanding of sex to realize that genitalia aren&#x27;t the only organs regulating sex, and instead say that the transperson <i>wasn&#x27;t</i> born female, but was instead born with a mixture of sex characteristics, and only the most obvious sex characteristics were female, while the characteristics which more fundamentally defined their identity were male.<p>In a larger sense, this seems related to the categorization error of separating mind and body as if they are two different things, a separation which seems more clearly false.<p>NOTE: Please don&#x27;t construe anything I say as negative toward transpeople. I think humans have an inherent, fundamental right to define their identities and modify their bodies in any way they choose. People don&#x27;t need excuses or justification to exercise that right. Certainly we don&#x27;t need an abstract distinction between sex and gender to let people dress and socialize with people the way they want or change their bodies.