&gt; Do we know that outright fraud occurred here?<p>Judging by <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=11687660" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=11687660</a> the answer is &#x27;yes&#x27;.