<i>For the &quot;thinking a panda is a vulture&quot; problem, don&#x27;t humans fail in similar ways?</i><p>This is a good question. My impression is that humans fail and artificial neural networks fail but we don&#x27;t know enough about the brain to say artificial neural networks fail in the same way as humans.<p>As another poster notes, humans accept human error more than computer error and I think that&#x27;s because humans have an internal model of what other humans will do. If I see a car waving in a lane and going slowly, I have some ideas what&#x27;s happening. I don&#x27;t think that model would extend to a situation where neural network-driven car was acting &quot;wonky&quot;.