I don&#x27;t know I would go as far as to say it was masculine versus feminine -- there was certainly a place in Aristotle&#x27;s ideal man for athleticism and prowess in battle -- but rather defining the boundaries for genetic competition as being equal parts smart, attractive and strong.<p>Also, as much as it sounds out of place today, classical (i.e. Greek &#x2F; Roman) thinkers didn&#x27;t consider women to be people - they were above slaves and animals, but it was in every way a male-dominated society.<p>Edit: Also, to continue along the lines of your hypothesis, too much testosterone in individuals may actually be a detriment to the society as a whole. While it may serve you well on the battlefield as nomadic raiders or hunters, that same competition can lead to an increase in internal violence that destabilizes the collective. Also, you wouldn&#x27;t need as many children in a city as you would on a farm (free child labor!), so increased fertility just means more mouths to feed.