New surgery cure for diabetes is currently under research. Type-1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of Beta islet cells in the pancreas which secretes insulin. People with Type-1 diabetes need to be on insulin treatment currently for the rest of their lives to control their disease.
The University of Pennsylvania is currently conducting clinical trials for a new surgery called Islet Cell Transplantation. With this new procedure, doctors are transplanting islet cells from a matching donor to the pancreas of the diabetic. Beta islet cells are the cells from the pancreas that secrete insulin. This procedure is for Type 1 diabetics whose Beta islet cells have been destroyed and no insulin is produced. These patients need to be on insulin therapy for the rest of their lives so during the course of the disease, this insulin therapy can become very expensive. With the Islet Cell Transplantation, once the stem cells are transplanted into the liver, diabetics report that the body starts giving warning signs when the blood sugar is too low. Many Type 1 diabetics have previously had no warning and often just black out when blood sugar is low which can be dangerous when driving or performing other critical tasks. Most patients currently need two transplantations to get totally off insulin therapy.
Islet cell transplantation can not treat most cases of Type 2 diabetes but is a possible cure for the over 700,000 people in the United States who have Type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately there are not enough donors to go around with only about 3,500 donor organs available last year. The solution to this problem is to make islets in the lab using stems cells.
There is currently research going on using controversial embryonic stem cells as well as stem cells taken from adults. But because of the ethical and political debate concerning embryonic stem cells this pathway to a cure is moving slowly. People who believe that life starts at conception strongly oppose embryonic stem cell research because the cells come from human embryos which are destroyed in the process. Embryonic stem cells have not matured into human cells and have the greatest potential to become any type of cells in the human body, including hair, skin, blood, toenail as well as Beta islet cells.
Opponents to this research believe that adult stem cells taken from adult bone marrow is the answer to this problem. But there are studies which raise questions about the ability of these cells as therapy. A recent published study reported that an intestinal hormone caused stem cells taken from a pancreas to become islet cells that secrete insulin but there is debate over this research and it has not been able to be reproduced.
Although the research using stem cells is in its infant stages many scientists believe that this research holds the most promise for success for diabetics to be able to stop taking insulin injection after their bodies start producing the hormone naturally.
New surgery cure for diabetes is currently under research. With this new procedure, doctors are transplanting islet cells from a matching donor to the pancreas of the diabetic.
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