आप सभी के लिए खुशखबरी : अपार सफलता के बाद
सभी students के लिए हम 12th English के V.Imp Notes की एक series ले कर आ रहे है | इस series में हम आपको 100 questions देंगे with Solution . यह एक प्रकार से आपकी परीक्षा की तैयारी में बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण होंगे |
कुछ महत्वपूर्ण विडियो लिंक :-
Important Question – Mock Test – 1
Section A : Reading
1) Smoking is the major cause of morality with bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and is one of the factors causing death due to malignancies larynx , oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix and coronary heart disease.
2) Nicotine is the major substance present in in the smoke that causes physical dependence. The additives do produce damage to the body, for example , ammonia can result 100 – fold increase in the ability of nicotine to enter into the smoke.
3) Levulinic acid, added to cigarettes to mask the harsh taste of the nicotine, can increase the binding of nicotine to brain receptors, which increases the ‘kick’ of nicotine.
4) Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette contains over 4000 chemicals and 40 carcinogens. It has long been known that tobacco smoke is carcinogenic or cancer – causing.
5) The lungs of smokers collect an annual deposit of 1 to 1+1/2 pounds of the gooey black material. Invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke contains nitrogen, oxygen and toxic gases like carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides. These gases are poisonous and in many cases interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen.
6) Like many carcinogenic compounds, they can act as tumour promoters or tumour initiators by acting directly on the genetic make – up of cells of the body leading to development of cancer.
7) During smoking within the first 8-10 seconds, nicotine is absorbed through the lungs and quickly “moved” into the bloodstream through the mucous membrances that line the mouth (if tobacco is chewed) or nose if snuff is used even through the skin. Our brain is made up of billions of nerve cells. They communicate with each other by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
8) Nicotine is one of the most powerful nerve poisons and binds stereo – selectively to nicotine receptors located in the brain, autonomic ganglia, the medulla , neuro – muscular junctions. Located throughout the brain, they play a critical role in cognitive processes and memory.
9) The nicotine moleule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine which is involved in many functions, including muscle movement, breathing, heart – rate, learning and memory. Nicotine, because of the similar structure with acetylcholine sites and produces toxic effect.
10) In high concentrations, nicotine is more deadly. In fact one drop of purified nicotine on the tongue will kill a person. It has been use as a pesticide for centuries.
11) Recent research studies suggest that acute nicotine administration would result in increase dopamine release from the brain, producing perceptions of pleasure and happiness, increased engry and motivation, increased alertness, increased feeling of vigour during the early phase of smoking.
12) However, notwithstanding these superficial effects, research shows that the relationship between smoking and memory loss is strongest in people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes each day and this is not specific to the socio – economics status, gender and a range of associated medical conditions. Smoking may speed up aga related memory loss and the details are yet not clear. Some studies suggest that repeated exposure to high nicotinic related to the ‘Brain – wiring’ is nothing but neuro -biochemistry that deals with complex interaction among genetic experience and bio chemistry of brain – cells.
13) ‘No’ is a unique molecule which plays role in a number of beneficial and some of the harmful brain and body mechanisms , for example , synapse formation, drug tolerance and local regulations of cerebral blood flow , parkinson’s disease,etc. It is also found that people who smoke more cigarattes a day have poorer memories in middle age than non- smokers.
14) Some experts say that smoking is linked to memory problems because it contribute to narrowed arteries that restrict blood – flow to the brain. One of the cause memory decline in relation to the brain function could be the nerve cell death or decreased density of interconnected neuronal network due to loss dendrites,the tiny filaments which connect one nerve cell to another. A bstinence from smoking is essential,not only to avoid this systemic effect but also to reduce the ill- effects on the environment.
A.(a) How is smoking the major cause of mortality?
(b) What in a cigarette make the people addicted to it?
(c) What are neurotransmitters?
(d) How does nicotine produce toxic effect?
(e) According to the experts, How is smoking linked to memory?
B. Find the words from the passage which mean the same as following:
(a) Death (para 1)
(b) Energy/force (Para 11)
(c) Endurance (para 13)
Q2 : Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow exactly:
There are two problem which cause worry to our educationists – the problem of religious and moral instruction in a land of many faiths and the problem arising out of a very large variety of languages.
Taking up the education of children , we see that they should be trained to love one another, to be kind and helpful to all, to be tender to the lower animals and to observe and think right. The task of teaching them how to read and write and to count and calculate is important, but it should not make us lose sight of the primary aim of moulding personality in the right way.
For this, it is necessary to call into aid , culture, tradition and religion. But in our country we have, in the same school to look after boys and girls born in different faiths and belongings to families that live deserve way of life and follow different forms of worship associated with different denominations of religion. It will not do to tread the easy path of evading the difficulty by attending soley to physical cultural and intellectual education. We have to evolve a suitable technique and method for serving the spiritual needs of school children professing different faiths. We should thereby promote an atmosphere of mutual respec, a fuller understanding and helpful co -operation among the different communities in our society. Again we must remain one people and we have, therefore, to give basic training in our schools to speak and understand more languages than one and to appreciate and respect the different religions prevaillling in India. It is not right for us in India to be dissuaded from this by considerations as to overtaking the young mind. What is necessary must be done. And it is not in fact too great a burden.
Any attempt to do away with or steamroll the differences throgh governmental coercion and indirect pressure would be as futile as it would be unwise. Any imposition of single way of life and form of worship on all children or neglect of a section of the pupils in this respect or barren secularisation will lead to a conflict between school and home life which is harmful. On the eother hand, if we give due recognition to the different prevailing faiths in the educational institutions by organizing suitable facilites for religious teaching for boys and girls of all communities, this may itself serve as a broadening influence of great national values.
a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub- headings. Also use recognizable abbreviation, wherever necessary(minimum 4). Supply a suitable title to it.
b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words using the notes.