Chapter 3 / Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
I. Exile and Return (pgs. 94-95) • A. The Jews call their time in Babylon exile – when people are forced to live in a foreign land. • B. While in exile in Babylon, Jews met each week in a synagogue or house of worship on the Sabbath, a day of worship and rest, to worship God.
II. Why Did Jews Return to Judah? • A. The Persians took control of Babylon. Their king Cyrus, allowed the Jews to return to Judah. • B. Persian officials still controlled the Jews in Judah, so Jews looked to their religion for leadership.
III. What is in the Hebrew Bible? • A. The Hebrew Bible consists of the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books that describe Jewish history.
IV. Jews Look to the Future • A. The book of Daniel addresses this plan and reminds Jews that God will rescue them. • B. Daniel lived in Babylon and was an adviser of the king. He would not worship Babylonian Gods, so Chaldeans threw him into a lion’s den. God protected Daniel
V. The Jews and the Greeks • A. Judah came under the control of Alexander theGreat in 331 B.C. and introduced the Jews to Greek language and ways. • B. The Diaspora (dy*as*pruh) refers to Jews who lived outside of Judah. • C. The word, diaspora, is Greek and means “scattered.”
VI. Who Were the Maccabees? • A. In 168 B.C., a Greek ruler named Antiochus (an*ty*uh*kuhs) wanted Jews to only worship Greek gods. • B. A priest name Judas Maccabeus (joo*duhsmak*uh*bee*us) and his followers formed an army known as the Maccabees to fight the Greeks. • C. The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of Judah and cleansed their temple. This is now known as Hanukkah (hah*nuh*kuh)
VII. The Jewish Way of Life • A. Jewish laws influenced Jews’ education, food, and clothes. • B. Sons learned how to earn a living and worship God. • C. Girls learned how to be good wives, mothers, and housekeepers.
VIII. Jewish Diet • A. Jewish laws stated that Jews could only eat certain animals. • B. Laws about food were known as kashrut, or “that which is proper.” • C. Today, food prepared according to Jewish law is called kosher. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujujK_r3xAc
A. Men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and sandals. B. Some Jewish men today still wear a skull cap called a yarmulke. IX. Jewish Clothing
C. Women wore dresses and covered their heads with shawls. • D. Wealthy women wore shoes, makeup, and jewelry. • E. Many married Jewish women today still cover their hair.
X. The Jews and the Romans (pgs. 100-102) • A. In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Judah and renamed it Judaea (joo*dee*uh) • B. At first, the Romans allowed Jewish rulers to run Judaea.
XI. The Rule of King Herod • A. King Herod (hehr*uhd), the most famous ruler of Judaea, was known for his cruelty and as the king who ruled when Jesus was born.
Dead Sea Scrolls • In A.D. 1947, ancient scrolls were found in the desert near the Dead Sea probably written by the Essenes. • They include the oldest complete copy of the book of Isaiah.
Jewish Revolts • Many Jews were waiting for a messiah (muh*sy*uh), or deliverer sent by God to rescue them from Roman rule. • Other Jews known as Zealots (zeh*luhts) wanted to fight the Romans for their freedom. And drove them out of Jerusalem in A.D. 66.
The Romans regained control four years later and killed many Jews and forced others to leave. • The Romans also destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. • All that remains today is the Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall.
The Jews revolted again in A.D. 132. When the Romans regained control they forbade the Jews to visit Jerusalem and changed it’s name to Palestine.
Jewish Teachers • Rabbis, teachers of the Torah, became important leaders. • Rabbis combined the teachings of the Torah with a book called the Talmud. • In A.D. 1948, Palestine was divided, and a new Jewish nation called Israel was created.
Exit Slip: 10/2 How did Alexander the Great affect the Israelites?