Direction (Q. 1 - 5): In each of the questions below there are three statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, I I , III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statement: All boats are rivers. All rivers are mangoes.
All mangoes are apples.
Conclusions I. All apples are boats.
II. All mangoes are boats.
III. All rivers are apples.
IV. All boats are apples.
All boats are rivers + All rivers are mangoes = A + A = A = All boats are mangoes, ie II does not follow. All boats are mangoes + All mangoes are applies = A + A = A = All boats are apples. Hence IV follows but I does not follow. All rivers are mangoes + All mangoes are apples = A + A = A = All rivers are apples. Hence III follows.
Some cats are lions + All lions are hares = I = A = I = Some cats are hares - conversion - Some hares are cats. Hence III and IV follows. Some cats are hares + All hares are horses I + A = I Some cats are horses. Hence I follows. All lions are hares + All hares are horses = A + A = A = All lions are horses. Its conversion - Some horses are lions. Hence II follows.
Statements: All forests are villages. All villages are trains.
All trains are buses.
Conclusions I. All forests are buses.
II. All villages are buses.
III. All trains are forests.
IV. Some buses are forests.
All forests are villages + All villages are trains = A + A = A = All forests are trains + All trains are buses = A + A = A = All forests are buses. Hence I follows - Conversion - Some buses are forests. Hence IV follows. All villages are trains + All trains are buses = A + A = A = All villages are buses. Hence II follows.
All goats are lions + Some lions are horses = A + I = No conclusion. Hence I does not follow. Some lions are horses + All horses are camels + I + A = I = Some lions are camels. Hence II follows but III does not follows. IV also does not follow.
Statements: All birds are fruits. Some fruits are towers.
All towers are windows.
Conclusions I. Some birds are towers.
II. Some windows are birds.
III. Some windows are fruits.
IV. Some towers are birds.
All birds are fruits + Some fruits are towers = A + I = No conclusion. Hence I and IV do not follow. We cannot find the conclusion between birds and towers, therefore cannot find conclusion between birds and windows. Hence II does not follow. Some fruits are towards + All towers are windows = I + A + I = Some fruits are windows, or some windows are fruits. Hence III follows.