According to DIN 60900, the yarn (colloquially called wool if it is of animal origin ) is a collective term for all linear textile structures. Accordingly, a yarn is a long, thin structure made of one or more fibers . It is an intermediate textile product that can be processed into woven , knitted , knitted and embroidered fabrics or used for sewing and the manufacture of ropes .
After the construction of the yarns (yarn structure)
- Single yarns
- Plied yarns (consist of two or more yarns wound up in parallel, not twisted together)
- Twisted yarns ( twisted yarns )
- Core yarns (staple fiber yarns with a filament core)
According to the spinning process used
- wet spun yarns (wet spinning process / chemical-technical spinning process)
- dry spun yarns (dry spinning process / mechanical spinning process)
By yarn type according to the fiber length
- Staple fiber yarn. consists of finitely long fibers. Twisting (twisting the yarn ) of several fibers during spinning creates a yarn of any length. Depending on the raw material used, a distinction is made between short and long staple fiber yarn.
- Filament yarn. consists of theoretically infinitely long fibers, called filaments . Filament yarns do not have to be twisted, the cohesion of the individual filaments can also be given by swirling. There are smooth and textured filament yarns. Monofilaments consist of only one filament, mini-filament yarns consist of two to five individual fibers and multifilament yarns consist of many individual fibers.
According to the use and area of application of the yarn
- Sewing thread
- Embroidery threads (e.g. hand, flat and circular knitting threads )
- Weaving yarns (warp yarns / weft yarns)
- Carpet yarns
- Industrial yarn, yarn used in fishing (e.g. fishing line ), agriculture (e.g. press yarn ) and meat production (e.g. sausage yarn )
- Kitchen twine
- Special yarns : functional yarns, technical yarns, effect yarns
According to the spun raw materials, for example
- Synthetic fibers
- Mixtures of different raw materials (e.g. wool mix yarn, cotton mix yarn)
Other yarn types
Bulky yarns consist of textured - i.e. crimped - synthetic fibers. The crimp changes the properties of the synthetic fibers. The yarns spun from it are very elastic, voluminous and have good thermal insulation.
Today, thread is often used synonymously with yarn. However, the term yarn is used longer in this context. He originally stood for one of dried intestines existing cord . Strictly speaking, “thread” only refers to a short piece of yarn of limited length.
The term was given a meaning in a figurative sense by seafarers who told themselves untrue or exaggerated stories, seamen's yarn, while spinning yarn from old cordage .
The mass of the yarn in relation to its length is called the count of yarn .
- Lexicon of textile furnishing - category yarns ( Memento from April 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Anton Schenk: Lexicon of yarns and threads. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-87150-810-1 , p. 203.
- ↑ "Multiple winding" yarns on strickmoden.de, accessed on 22 November 2012 found.
- ↑ Helmut Schürmann: Constructing with fiber-plastic composites . 2nd Edition. Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-72189-5 , p. 58.