STAR WARS 2.0: Washington’s Battle to Fund Space Warfare21st Century Wire says In 1983, US President Ronald Reagan launched the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a space-based anti-missile system which came to be known as  Star Wars.  At the time, SDI was meant to give the US a nuclear first-strike against advantage against its geopolitical rival the Soviet Union by using various weaponized technologies including lasers, to intercept Soviet ICBM missiles in space. In the end, the program proved to be too costly, too complicated for a practical role out, and ineffective against non-space faring weapons like cruise missiles, submarine based missile batteries and long range bombers.  Now in 2017, as the Cold War is being re-heated again, the West is potentially looking at the complete militarization of outer space. This time the US nemesis is both Russia and China. But what really driving this new  space race  agenda?Consortium News Exclusive: As a backdrop to the Russia-gate hysteria and the heightened fear of China is a budget war over how much U.S. taxpayer money to pour into space warfare, explains Jonathan Marshall By Jonathan MarshallThere s a civil war being fought on our nation s soil, right in our capital. It pits the Secretary of Defense and senior generals against a bipartisan band of militant legislators who accuse the Pentagon of standing pat while Russian and China work to achieve military superiority over the United States in space.No doubt these bureaucratic warriors will eventually call a truce. But in the meantime, the American people will almost certainly become less secure and more indebted (in budget terms) as a result of both sides  macho posturing for new warfighting capabilities in space (differing mostly on how far and how fast to go).Eager congressional advocates of space warfare have attached an amendment to the House defense authorization bill requiring the Pentagon to create a new U.S. Space Corps to join the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard by 2019. Currently, the Air Force oversees most space warfare projects.The amendment has sent senior Pentagon leadership into a tizzy. Secretary of Defense James Mattis  strongly  urged Congress to rescind the requirement, stating in a letter that  it is premature to add additional organization and administrative tail to the department at a time I am trying to reduce overhead. Similarly, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson protested that the proposal will simply  add more boxes to the organization chart.  Meanwhile, Gen. John W. Raymond, commander of Air Force Space Command, insisted that his service has space matters well in hand. (He should be happy   the Pentagon recently raised his position to a 4-star rank.)Upping the AnteIn response, Rep. Mike Rogers, an Alabama Republican and chairman of the Strategic Forces subcommittee, announced that he was  pissed  and  outraged  at the Air Force for fighting the new Space Command, saying its obstructionism would  set back efforts to respond to adversaries and space threats  and allow Russia and China  to surpass us soon. The Air Force leadership would have us trust them: I don t think so,  Rogers sneered, as if speaking about the Russians.  They just need a few more years to rearrange the deck chairs: I don t think so. This is the same Air Force that got us into the situation where the Russians and the Chinese are near-peers to us in space.  He vowed,  We will not allow the status quo to continue. Behind all the fiery argumentation lies a bipartisan consensus that the United States must sharply increase its spending on the militarization of space to maintain global supremacy. Gen. Raymond applauded Congress for recognizing the  national imperative  of his mission to  normalize, elevate, and integrate space as a war-fighting domain. Secretary Wilson published an op-ed column last month on her new initiatives to  develop space airmen who have the tools, training, and resources to fight when   not if   war extends into space.  She fully expects Congress to follow through on her request for a 20 percent increase in Air Force space funding. (Total military spending on space, including non-Air Force programs like the National Reconnaissance Office, came to about $22 billion last year.)What s driving all this activity   aside from baser motives of bureaucratic advantage and financial gain  are  intelligence assessments  that  China and Russia have aggressive programs to both demonstrate and produce eventual operational capability to . . . attack our space assets across the spectrum,  in the words of David Hardy, acting deputy undersecretary of the Air Force for Space. While we re not at war in space, I don t think we can say we re exactly at peace, either, said Navy Vice Adm. Charles A. Richard, deputy commander of U.S. Strategic Command, in March. Gen. John Hyten, head of the Pentagon s Strategic Command, recently declared that the United States needs not only a good defense, but  an offensive capability to challenge  space threats from Russia and China.The High Stakes in SpaceThe stakes are potentially huge because the United States uses space for all manner of command, control, and intelligence missions, not to mention civilian applications. Orbiting satellites provide near-real-time images of conflict zones, sense missile launches and nuclear tests, provide precise positioning coordinates to guide weapons systems, and route secure communications to remote regions of the globe Continue this story at Consortium NewsREAD MORE SPACE NEWS AT: 21st Century Wire Space FilesSUPPORT 21WIRE  SUBSCRIBE & BECOME A MEMBER @21WIRE.TVUS_News
star wars washington battle fund space century wire says in us president ronald reagan launched strategic defense initiative sdi system came known star wars at time sdi meant give us nuclear advantage geopolitical rival soviet union using various weaponized technologies including lasers intercept soviet ibm missiles space in end program proved costly complicated practical role ineffective facing weapons like cruise missiles submarine based missile batteries long range bombers now cold war west potentially looking complete militarization outer space this time us nemesis russia china but really driving new space race agenda consortium news exclusive as backdrop hysteria heightened fear china budget war much taxpayer money pour space warfare explains jonathan marshall by jonathan marshallthere civil war fought nation soil right capital it pits secretary defense senior generals bipartisan band militant legislators accuse pentagon standing pat russian china work achieve military superiority united states doubt bureaucratic warriors eventually call truce but meantime american people almost certainly become less secure indebted budget terms result sides macho posting new warfighting capabilities space differing mostly far fast go congressional advocates space warfare attached amendment house defense authorization bill requiring pentagon create new space corps join army navy air force marines coast guard currently air force oversees space warfare amendment sent senior pentagon leadership tiny secretary defense james mantis strongly urged congress rescind requirement stating letter premature add additional organization administrative tail department time i trying reduce overhead similarly air force secretary heather wilson protested proposal simply add boxes organization chart meanwhile john raymond commander air force space command insisted service space matters well hand he happy pentagon recently raised position rank using anti response mike rogers alabama republican chairman strategic forces subcommittee announced pissed outraged air force fighting new space command saying obstructionism would set back efforts respond adversaries space threats allow russia china surpass us soon the air force leadership would us trust i think rogers steered speaking russian they need years rearrange deck chairs i think this air force got us situation russian chinese us space he vowed we allow status quo continue behind fiery argumentation lies bipartisan consensus united states must sharply increase spending militarization space maintain global supremacy raymond applauded congress recognizing national imperative mission normalize elevate integrate space domain secretary wilson published column last month new initiatives develop space airmen tools training resources fight war extends space she fully expects congress follow request percent increase air force space funding total military spending space including force programs like national reconnaissance office came billion last year what driving activity aside base motives bureaucratic advantage financial gain intelligence assessments china russia aggressive programs demonstrate produce eventual operational capability attack space assets across spectrum words david hardy acting deputy undersecretary air force space while war space i think say exactly peace either said navy vice charles richard deputy commander strategic command march john bytes head pentagon strategic command recently declared united states needs good defense offensive capability challenge space threats russia high stakes spacetime stakes potentially huge united states uses space manner command control intelligence missions mention civilian applications orbiting satellites provide images conflict zones sense missile launches nuclear tests provide precise positioning coordinates guide weapons systems route secure communications remote regions globe continue story consortium newsfeed more space news at century wire space filessupport subscribe become a member
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: STAR WARS 2.0: Washington’s Battle to Fund Space Warfare21st Century Wire says In 1983, US President Ronald Reagan launched the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a space-based anti-missile system which came to be known as  Star Wars.  At the time, SDI was meant to give the US a nuclear first-strike against advantage against its geopolitical rival the Soviet Union by using various weaponized technologies including lasers, to intercept Soviet ICBM missiles in space. In the end, the program proved to be too costly, too complicated for a practical role out, and ineffective against non-space faring weapons like cruise missiles, submarine based missile batteries and long range bombers.  Now in 2017, as the Cold War is being re-heated again, the West is potentially looking at the complete militarization of outer space. This time the US nemesis is both Russia and China. But what really driving this new  space race  agenda?Consortium News Exclusive: As a backdrop to the Russia-gate hysteria and the heightened fear of China is a budget war over how much U.S. taxpayer money to pour into space warfare, explains Jonathan Marshall By Jonathan MarshallThere s a civil war being fought on our nation s soil, right in our capital. It pits the Secretary of Defense and senior generals against a bipartisan band of militant legislators who accuse the Pentagon of standing pat while Russian and China work to achieve military superiority over the United States in space.No doubt these bureaucratic warriors will eventually call a truce. But in the meantime, the American people will almost certainly become less secure and more indebted (in budget terms) as a result of both sides  macho posturing for new warfighting capabilities in space (differing mostly on how far and how fast to go).Eager congressional advocates of space warfare have attached an amendment to the House defense authorization bill requiring the Pentagon to create a new U.S. Space Corps to join the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard by 2019. Currently, the Air Force oversees most space warfare projects.The amendment has sent senior Pentagon leadership into a tizzy. Secretary of Defense James Mattis  strongly  urged Congress to rescind the requirement, stating in a letter that  it is premature to add additional organization and administrative tail to the department at a time I am trying to reduce overhead. Similarly, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson protested that the proposal will simply  add more boxes to the organization chart.  Meanwhile, Gen. John W. Raymond, commander of Air Force Space Command, insisted that his service has space matters well in hand. (He should be happy   the Pentagon recently raised his position to a 4-star rank.)Upping the AnteIn response, Rep. Mike Rogers, an Alabama Republican and chairman of the Strategic Forces subcommittee, announced that he was  pissed  and  outraged  at the Air Force for fighting the new Space Command, saying its obstructionism would  set back efforts to respond to adversaries and space threats  and allow Russia and China  to surpass us soon. The Air Force leadership would have us trust them: I don t think so,  Rogers sneered, as if speaking about the Russians.  They just need a few more years to rearrange the deck chairs: I don t think so. This is the same Air Force that got us into the situation where the Russians and the Chinese are near-peers to us in space.  He vowed,  We will not allow the status quo to continue. Behind all the fiery argumentation lies a bipartisan consensus that the United States must sharply increase its spending on the militarization of space to maintain global supremacy. Gen. Raymond applauded Congress for recognizing the  national imperative  of his mission to  normalize, elevate, and integrate space as a war-fighting domain. Secretary Wilson published an op-ed column last month on her new initiatives to  develop space airmen who have the tools, training, and resources to fight when   not if   war extends into space.  She fully expects Congress to follow through on her request for a 20 percent increase in Air Force space funding. (Total military spending on space, including non-Air Force programs like the National Reconnaissance Office, came to about $22 billion last year.)What s driving all this activity   aside from baser motives of bureaucratic advantage and financial gain  are  intelligence assessments  that  China and Russia have aggressive programs to both demonstrate and produce eventual operational capability to . . . attack our space assets across the spectrum,  in the words of David Hardy, acting deputy undersecretary of the Air Force for Space. While we re not at war in space, I don t think we can say we re exactly at peace, either, said Navy Vice Adm. Charles A. Richard, deputy commander of U.S. Strategic Command, in March. Gen. John Hyten, head of the Pentagon s Strategic Command, recently declared that the United States needs not only a good defense, but  an offensive capability to challenge  space threats from Russia and China.The High Stakes in SpaceThe stakes are potentially huge because the United States uses space for all manner of command, control, and intelligence missions, not to mention civilian applications. Orbiting satellites provide near-real-time images of conflict zones, sense missile launches and nuclear tests, provide precise positioning coordinates to guide weapons systems, and route secure communications to remote regions of the globe Continue this story at Consortium NewsREAD MORE SPACE NEWS AT: 21st Century Wire Space FilesSUPPORT 21WIRE  SUBSCRIBE & BECOME A MEMBER @21WIRE.TVUS_News
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: star wars washington battle fund space century wire says in us president ronald reagan launched strategic defense initiative sdi system came known star wars at time sdi meant give us nuclear advantage geopolitical rival soviet union using various weaponized technologies including lasers intercept soviet ibm missiles space in end program proved costly complicated practical role ineffective facing weapons like cruise missiles submarine based missile batteries long range bombers now cold war west potentially looking complete militarization outer space this time us nemesis russia china but really driving new space race agenda consortium news exclusive as backdrop hysteria heightened fear china budget war much taxpayer money pour space warfare explains jonathan marshall by jonathan marshallthere civil war fought nation soil right capital it pits secretary defense senior generals bipartisan band militant legislators accuse pentagon standing pat russian china work achieve military superiority united states doubt bureaucratic warriors eventually call truce but meantime american people almost certainly become less secure indebted budget terms result sides macho posting new warfighting capabilities space differing mostly far fast go congressional advocates space warfare attached amendment house defense authorization bill requiring pentagon create new space corps join army navy air force marines coast guard currently air force oversees space warfare amendment sent senior pentagon leadership tiny secretary defense james mantis strongly urged congress rescind requirement stating letter premature add additional organization administrative tail department time i trying reduce overhead similarly air force secretary heather wilson protested proposal simply add boxes organization chart meanwhile john raymond commander air force space command insisted service space matters well hand he happy pentagon recently raised position rank using anti response mike rogers alabama republican chairman strategic forces subcommittee announced pissed outraged air force fighting new space command saying obstructionism would set back efforts respond adversaries space threats allow russia china surpass us soon the air force leadership would us trust i think rogers steered speaking russian they need years rearrange deck chairs i think this air force got us situation russian chinese us space he vowed we allow status quo continue behind fiery argumentation lies bipartisan consensus united states must sharply increase spending militarization space maintain global supremacy raymond applauded congress recognizing national imperative mission normalize elevate integrate space domain secretary wilson published column last month new initiatives develop space airmen tools training resources fight war extends space she fully expects congress follow request percent increase air force space funding total military spending space including force programs like national reconnaissance office came billion last year what driving activity aside base motives bureaucratic advantage financial gain intelligence assessments china russia aggressive programs demonstrate produce eventual operational capability attack space assets across spectrum words david hardy acting deputy undersecretary air force space while war space i think say exactly peace either said navy vice charles richard deputy commander strategic command march john bytes head pentagon strategic command recently declared united states needs good defense offensive capability challenge space threats russia high stakes spacetime stakes potentially huge united states uses space manner command control intelligence missions mention civilian applications orbiting satellites provide images conflict zones sense missile launches nuclear tests provide precise positioning coordinates guide weapons systems route secure communications remote regions globe continue story consortium newsfeed more space news at century wire space filessupport subscribe become a member