Fake meat, free markets ease North Koreans' hungerSEOUL (Reuters) - Take the dregs left from making soy bean oil, which usually go to feed the pigs. Press and roll them into a sandy-colored paste. Stuff with rice, and top with chilli sauce. The dish s name, injogogi, means  man-made meat.  In North Korea for years it was a recipe for survival. Today it is a popular street food, traded alongside other goods and services on informal markets, known as jangmadang. Defectors say there are hundreds of these markets. The creation and informal trade of injogogi and other foods offers a window into a barter economy that has kept North Korea afloat despite years of isolation, abuse and sanctions.  Back in the day, people had injogogi to fill themselves up as a substitute for meat,  said Cho Ui-sung, a North Korean who defected to the South in 2014.  Now people eat it for its taste.  North Korea was set up with backing from the Soviet Union as a socialist state. The Soviet collapse in 1991 crippled the North Korean economy and brought down its centralized food distribution system. As many as three million people died. Those who survived were forced to forage, barter and invent meals from whatever they found. Since people started to use their own initiative, studies indicate, person-to-person dealings have become the way millions of North Koreans procure basic necessities such as food and clothing. But the prevalence of informal markets also makes it hard to understand the exact state of the North Korean economy. And this makes it hard to measure how badly sanctions, which do not apply to North Korean food imports, are hurting ordinary people. Pyongyang has said the curbs threaten the survival of its children. Defectors say a poor corn harvest this year has made it hard for people in rural areas to feed themselves. The agencies who want to help find all this hard to measure. Pyongyang says 70 percent of North Koreans still use the state s central distribution system as their main source of food, the same number of people that the U.N. estimates are  food insecure.  The system consistently provides lower food rations than the government s daily target, according to U.N. food agency the World Food Programme (WFP). The U.N. uses this information to call on member states to provide food aid for North Korea - $76 million for  nutrition support  alone at its last request - of which it has received $42 million. But surveys and anecdotal evidence from defectors suggest private markets are the main source of supply for most North Koreans.  It becomes sort of ridiculous to analyze food distribution in North Korea by focusing on an archaic system that s lost so much of its significance over the past couple of decades,  said Benjamin Silberstein, an associate scholar at the Foreign Policy Research Institute who researches the North Korean economy. The WFP and the U.N. s other main food aid agency, the Food and Agricultural Organization, said the U.N. relies on all available information and inputs, including official statistics. The agencies have a permanent office in Pyongyang and make regular visits to Public Distribution Centers, farms and occasionally markets in North Korea.  We recognize that the data and their sources are limited but it s the best we have available at present,  said the U.N. agencies in a joint statement, referring to the official North Korean government data. The agencies said they have seen no sign that more food than needed is delivered to North Koreans.  The main issue ... is a monotonous diet   mainly rice/maize, kimchi and bean paste   lacking in essential fats and protein,  the statement said. The North Korean diplomatic mission in Geneva did not respond to questions about how international sanctions might be harming food availability and whether U.N. aid agencies had access to markets in North Korea to assess the products on offer. Last year, North Korea s economy grew by 3.9 percent - its fastest in 17 years and faster than many developed economies, according to South Korea s central bank. It was helped largely by mining, market reforms, and dealings with China, its neighbor and now the world s largest economy. Reporters saw signs of chronic hunger in North Korea as recently as 2013, but people who have defected say the food supply has improved in recent years.  Eight defectors told Reuters they ate much the same thing as people in the South. Asked about the contents of their food cupboards, most said they were stocked with privately grown vegetables, locally made snacks and rice, or if they were poor, corn, which is a cheaper staple. Younger and wealthier defectors say they had plenty of meat, although it was often seasonal because electric power is too erratic to power fridges. Pork is common, but defectors also talked of eating dog meat, rabbit, and badger. Even so, on average North Koreans are less well nourished than their Southern neighbors. The WFP says around one in four children have grown less tall than their South Korean counterparts. A study from 2009 said pre-school children in the North were up to 13 cm (5 inches) shorter and up to 7 kg (15 pounds) lighter than those brought up in the South. The North s Public Distribution System (PDS) stipulates that 70 percent of people receive ration coupons to spend at state distribution shops. The other 30 percent are farmers who are not eligible for rations because they grow their own vegetables in private plots. According to the WFP, the PDS had been reinstated by 2006. Defectors say Kim Jong Un, who came to power in 2011, also quietly loosened the rules on private trade. Some markets, known as  grasshopper markets  for the speed with which traders set up and take down the stalls, are still illegal. But there are also officially sanctioned markets, where traders are free to buy and sell provided they pay stall fees to the state. Inventions like injogogi are among foods traded on these stalls. It is low in calories but rich in protein and fiber, to help muscle growth and keep hunger at bay, said Lee Ae-ran, a chef from the North Korean town of Hyesan who took a doctorate in nutrition in Seoul.  Because it contains so much protein, it s also very chewy,  Lee said. The sauce can be delicious, said Cho.  People who lived by the sea put shredded anchovies in the sauce; people living in the countryside used spicy peppers. I lived close by shore so I used shredded sand eels.  The jangmadang are remotely monitored by a website called Daily NK, a Seoul-based operation staffed by North Korean defector journalists. It said in a report released this August that there are 387 officially sanctioned markets in the country, encompassing more than half a million stalls. Over 5 million people are either  directly or indirectly  reliant on the markets,  solidifying their place in North Korean society as an integral and irreversible means of survival,  the report said. In 2015, a survey of 1,017 defectors by Seoul University professor Byung-yeon Kim found that official channels such as the PDS accounted for just 23.5 percent of people s food intake. Around 61 percent of respondents said private markets were their most important source of food, and the remaining 15.5 percent came from self-cultivated crops. So the official system may mean little to many North Koreans.  WFP has consistently been asking (the North Korean government) to carry out a more detailed study on market activity and the role of markets in achieving household food security,  a spokeswoman said.  As in other countries, North Korea s wealthy have choice. Residents of the capital can order up a pizza in one of Pyongyang s hundreds of restaurants, say regular visitors. Many of the eateries are operated by state-owned enterprises. Some used to cater only to tourists. Increasingly they now also collect dollars and euros from locals. At a place people know as the  Italian on Kwangbok Street,  for example, moneyed locals and western tourists alike can pick vongole pasta for $3.50, or pepperoni pizzas for $10, the menu says. This compares with $0.30 for a kilo of corn or $0.50 for a portion of injogogi in the markets. Reuters was unable to determine how the restaurant sources its ingredients such as pepperoni, although North Korea imports processed meats and cheeses from European countries and Southeast Asia - such imports are legal. Calls to the phone numbers on the menu failed and an operator for the Pyongyang switchboard said the numbers could not be connected to international lines. As the economy in North Korea has changed, so have the tastes of a moneyed middle class keen to try new foods. Kim Jong Un has called for more domestically produced goods, according to state media, and there are more locally made sweets, snacks and candies. The country does not publish detailed import data but China s exports of sugar to North Korea in January to September this year ballooned to 44,725 tonnes, Chinese data shows. That is about half of all China s global sugar exports and compares with 1,236 tonnes in 2016 and 2,843 in 2015. North Korea does not produce sugar. According to the International Sugar Organization, the North s sugar consumption is fairly steady at around 89,000-90,000 tonnes a year   a very modest amount per head. Each South Korean consumes about nine times more than that. At the other end of the social scale, Chinese data shows corn exports to North Korea also jumped in the first nine months of this year, to nearly 50,000 tonnes, compared with just over 3,000 tonnes in the whole of 2016. Daily NK reporters say they call secret sources in North Korea several times a week to get the market price of rice, corn, pork, fuels and the won currency - which is traded at around 8,100 to the dollar, as opposed to the official rate of around 100 to the dollar. So far, their reports suggest, petrol and diesel prices have doubled since the most recent round of U.N. Security Council resolutions. The market price of rice and corn has increased less sharply. Reuters was not able to independently confirm their reports. And there are other ways North Koreans can supplement their diets.  My dad often received bribes,  said one 28-year-old defector who asked to be identified only by her surname, Kang, because when she moved out in late 2010 she left her father behind. He was a high-ranking public official. The bribes he received included goat meat, dog meat and deer meat, she said. (For a graphic on 'Rising costs, falling aid' click tmsnrt.rs/2h95QBL) worldnews
fake meat free markets ease north korean hungerseoul reuters take drugs left making soy bean oil usually go feed pigs press roll paste stuff rice top chill sauce the dish name injogogi means meat in north korea years recipe survival today popular street food traded alongside goods services informal markets known jangmadang defectors say hundreds markets the creation informal trade injogogi foods offers window carter economy kept north korea afloat despite years isolation abuse sanctions back day people injogogi fill substitute meat said cho north korean defected south now people eat taste north korea set backing soviet union socialist state the soviet collapse crippled north korean economy brought centralized food distribution system as many three million people died those survived forced forage carter invent meals whatever found since people started use initiative studies indicate dealings become way millions north korean procure basic necessities food clothing but prevalence informal markets also makes hard understand exact state north korean economy and makes hard measure badly sanctions apply north korean food imports hurting ordinary people pyongyang said curb threaten survival children defectors say poor corn harvest year made hard people rural areas feed the agencies want help find hard measure pyongyang says percent north korean still use state central distribution system main source food number people estimates food insecure the system consistently provides lower food rations government daily target according food agency world food programme wp the uses information call member states provide food aid north korea million nutrition support alone last request received million but surveys anecdotal evidence defectors suggest private markets main source supply north korean it becomes sort ridiculous analyze food distribution north korea focusing archaic system lost much significance past couple decades said benjamin silberstein associate scholar foreign policy research institute researches north korean economy the wp main food aid agency food agricultural organization said relies available information inputs including official statistics the agencies permanent office pyongyang make regular visits public distribution centers farms occasionally markets north korea we recognize data sources limited best available present said agencies joint statement referring official north korean government data the agencies said seen sign food needed delivered north korean the main issue monotonous diet mainly ichi bean paste lacking essential fats protein statement said the north korean diplomatic mission geneva respond questions international sanctions might harming food availability whether aid agencies access markets north korea assess products offer last year north korea economy grew percent fastest years faster many developed economies according south korea central bank it helped largely mining market reforms dealings china neighbor world largest economy reporters saw signs chronic hunger north korea recently people defected say food supply improved recent years eight defectors told reuters ate much thing people south asked contents food cupboard said stocked privately grown vegetables locally made snacks rice poor corn cheaper staple younger wealthier defectors say plenty meat although often seasonal electric power erratic power bridges pork common defectors also talked eating dog meat rabbit badger even average north korean less well flourished southern neighbors the wp says around one four children grown less tall south korean counterparts a study said children north cm inches shorter kg pounds lighter brought south the north public distribution system pds stipulates percent people receive ration coupons spend state distribution shops the percent farmers eligible rations grow vegetables private plots according wp pds reinstated defectors say kim jong un came power also quietly worsened rules private trade some markets known grasshopper markets speed traders set take stalls still illegal but also officially sanctioned markets traders free buy sell provided pay stall fees state inventions like injogogi among foods traded stalls it low calories rich protein fiber help muscle growth keep hunger bay said lee chef north korean town hyeon took doctorate nutrition seoul because contains much protein also chew lee said the sauce delicious said cho people lived sea put shredded anchovies sauce people living countryside used spicy peppers i lived close shore i used shredded sand eels the jangmadang remotely monitored website called daily nk operation staffed north korean defector journalists it said report released august officially sanctioned markets country encompassing half million stalls over million people either directly indirectly reliant markets solidifying place north korean society integral irreversible means survival report said in survey defectors seoul university professor kim found official channels pds accounted percent people food intake around percent respondents said private markets important source food remaining percent came crops so official system may mean little many north korean wp consistently asking north korean government carry detailed study market activity role markets achieving household food security spokeswoman said as countries north korea wealthy choice residents capital order pizza one pyongyang hundreds restaurants say regular visitors many entries operated enterprises some used cater tourists increasingly also collect dollars euros locals at place people know italian kwangbok street example money locals western tourists alike pick console pasta pepperoni pizza menu says this compares kill corn portion injogogi markets reuters unable determine restaurant sources ingredients pepperoni although north korea imports processed meats cheeses european countries southeast asia imports legal calls phone numbers menu failed operator pyongyang switchboard said numbers could connected international lines as economy north korea changed tastes money middle class keen try new foods kim jong un called domestically produced goods according state media locally made sweets snacks candies the country publish detailed import data china exports sugar north korea january september year balloon tonnes chinese data shows that half china global sugar exports compares tonnes north korea produce sugar according international sugar organization north sugar consumption fairly steady around tonnes year modest amount per head each south korean consumes nine times at end social scale chinese data shows corn exports north korea also jumped first nine months year nearly tonnes compared tonnes whole daily nk reporters say call secret sources north korea several times week get market price rice corn pork fuels currency traded around dollar opposed official rate around dollar so far reports suggest petrol diesel prices doubled since recent round security council resolutions the market price rice corn increased less sharply reuters able independently confirm reports and ways north korean supplement diets my dad often received bribes said one defector asked identified surname kang moved late left father behind he public official the bribes received included goat meat dog meat deer meat said for graphic costs falling aid click worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: Fake meat, free markets ease North Koreans' hungerSEOUL (Reuters) - Take the dregs left from making soy bean oil, which usually go to feed the pigs. Press and roll them into a sandy-colored paste. Stuff with rice, and top with chilli sauce. The dish s name, injogogi, means  man-made meat.  In North Korea for years it was a recipe for survival. Today it is a popular street food, traded alongside other goods and services on informal markets, known as jangmadang. Defectors say there are hundreds of these markets. The creation and informal trade of injogogi and other foods offers a window into a barter economy that has kept North Korea afloat despite years of isolation, abuse and sanctions.  Back in the day, people had injogogi to fill themselves up as a substitute for meat,  said Cho Ui-sung, a North Korean who defected to the South in 2014.  Now people eat it for its taste.  North Korea was set up with backing from the Soviet Union as a socialist state. The Soviet collapse in 1991 crippled the North Korean economy and brought down its centralized food distribution system. As many as three million people died. Those who survived were forced to forage, barter and invent meals from whatever they found. Since people started to use their own initiative, studies indicate, person-to-person dealings have become the way millions of North Koreans procure basic necessities such as food and clothing. But the prevalence of informal markets also makes it hard to understand the exact state of the North Korean economy. And this makes it hard to measure how badly sanctions, which do not apply to North Korean food imports, are hurting ordinary people. Pyongyang has said the curbs threaten the survival of its children. Defectors say a poor corn harvest this year has made it hard for people in rural areas to feed themselves. The agencies who want to help find all this hard to measure. Pyongyang says 70 percent of North Koreans still use the state s central distribution system as their main source of food, the same number of people that the U.N. estimates are  food insecure.  The system consistently provides lower food rations than the government s daily target, according to U.N. food agency the World Food Programme (WFP). The U.N. uses this information to call on member states to provide food aid for North Korea - $76 million for  nutrition support  alone at its last request - of which it has received $42 million. But surveys and anecdotal evidence from defectors suggest private markets are the main source of supply for most North Koreans.  It becomes sort of ridiculous to analyze food distribution in North Korea by focusing on an archaic system that s lost so much of its significance over the past couple of decades,  said Benjamin Silberstein, an associate scholar at the Foreign Policy Research Institute who researches the North Korean economy. The WFP and the U.N. s other main food aid agency, the Food and Agricultural Organization, said the U.N. relies on all available information and inputs, including official statistics. The agencies have a permanent office in Pyongyang and make regular visits to Public Distribution Centers, farms and occasionally markets in North Korea.  We recognize that the data and their sources are limited but it s the best we have available at present,  said the U.N. agencies in a joint statement, referring to the official North Korean government data. The agencies said they have seen no sign that more food than needed is delivered to North Koreans.  The main issue ... is a monotonous diet   mainly rice/maize, kimchi and bean paste   lacking in essential fats and protein,  the statement said. The North Korean diplomatic mission in Geneva did not respond to questions about how international sanctions might be harming food availability and whether U.N. aid agencies had access to markets in North Korea to assess the products on offer. Last year, North Korea s economy grew by 3.9 percent - its fastest in 17 years and faster than many developed economies, according to South Korea s central bank. It was helped largely by mining, market reforms, and dealings with China, its neighbor and now the world s largest economy. Reporters saw signs of chronic hunger in North Korea as recently as 2013, but people who have defected say the food supply has improved in recent years.  Eight defectors told Reuters they ate much the same thing as people in the South. Asked about the contents of their food cupboards, most said they were stocked with privately grown vegetables, locally made snacks and rice, or if they were poor, corn, which is a cheaper staple. Younger and wealthier defectors say they had plenty of meat, although it was often seasonal because electric power is too erratic to power fridges. Pork is common, but defectors also talked of eating dog meat, rabbit, and badger. Even so, on average North Koreans are less well nourished than their Southern neighbors. The WFP says around one in four children have grown less tall than their South Korean counterparts. A study from 2009 said pre-school children in the North were up to 13 cm (5 inches) shorter and up to 7 kg (15 pounds) lighter than those brought up in the South. The North s Public Distribution System (PDS) stipulates that 70 percent of people receive ration coupons to spend at state distribution shops. The other 30 percent are farmers who are not eligible for rations because they grow their own vegetables in private plots. According to the WFP, the PDS had been reinstated by 2006. Defectors say Kim Jong Un, who came to power in 2011, also quietly loosened the rules on private trade. Some markets, known as  grasshopper markets  for the speed with which traders set up and take down the stalls, are still illegal. But there are also officially sanctioned markets, where traders are free to buy and sell provided they pay stall fees to the state. Inventions like injogogi are among foods traded on these stalls. It is low in calories but rich in protein and fiber, to help muscle growth and keep hunger at bay, said Lee Ae-ran, a chef from the North Korean town of Hyesan who took a doctorate in nutrition in Seoul.  Because it contains so much protein, it s also very chewy,  Lee said. The sauce can be delicious, said Cho.  People who lived by the sea put shredded anchovies in the sauce; people living in the countryside used spicy peppers. I lived close by shore so I used shredded sand eels.  The jangmadang are remotely monitored by a website called Daily NK, a Seoul-based operation staffed by North Korean defector journalists. It said in a report released this August that there are 387 officially sanctioned markets in the country, encompassing more than half a million stalls. Over 5 million people are either  directly or indirectly  reliant on the markets,  solidifying their place in North Korean society as an integral and irreversible means of survival,  the report said. In 2015, a survey of 1,017 defectors by Seoul University professor Byung-yeon Kim found that official channels such as the PDS accounted for just 23.5 percent of people s food intake. Around 61 percent of respondents said private markets were their most important source of food, and the remaining 15.5 percent came from self-cultivated crops. So the official system may mean little to many North Koreans.  WFP has consistently been asking (the North Korean government) to carry out a more detailed study on market activity and the role of markets in achieving household food security,  a spokeswoman said.  As in other countries, North Korea s wealthy have choice. Residents of the capital can order up a pizza in one of Pyongyang s hundreds of restaurants, say regular visitors. Many of the eateries are operated by state-owned enterprises. Some used to cater only to tourists. Increasingly they now also collect dollars and euros from locals. At a place people know as the  Italian on Kwangbok Street,  for example, moneyed locals and western tourists alike can pick vongole pasta for $3.50, or pepperoni pizzas for $10, the menu says. This compares with $0.30 for a kilo of corn or $0.50 for a portion of injogogi in the markets. Reuters was unable to determine how the restaurant sources its ingredients such as pepperoni, although North Korea imports processed meats and cheeses from European countries and Southeast Asia - such imports are legal. Calls to the phone numbers on the menu failed and an operator for the Pyongyang switchboard said the numbers could not be connected to international lines. As the economy in North Korea has changed, so have the tastes of a moneyed middle class keen to try new foods. Kim Jong Un has called for more domestically produced goods, according to state media, and there are more locally made sweets, snacks and candies. The country does not publish detailed import data but China s exports of sugar to North Korea in January to September this year ballooned to 44,725 tonnes, Chinese data shows. That is about half of all China s global sugar exports and compares with 1,236 tonnes in 2016 and 2,843 in 2015. North Korea does not produce sugar. According to the International Sugar Organization, the North s sugar consumption is fairly steady at around 89,000-90,000 tonnes a year   a very modest amount per head. Each South Korean consumes about nine times more than that. At the other end of the social scale, Chinese data shows corn exports to North Korea also jumped in the first nine months of this year, to nearly 50,000 tonnes, compared with just over 3,000 tonnes in the whole of 2016. Daily NK reporters say they call secret sources in North Korea several times a week to get the market price of rice, corn, pork, fuels and the won currency - which is traded at around 8,100 to the dollar, as opposed to the official rate of around 100 to the dollar. So far, their reports suggest, petrol and diesel prices have doubled since the most recent round of U.N. Security Council resolutions. The market price of rice and corn has increased less sharply. Reuters was not able to independently confirm their reports. And there are other ways North Koreans can supplement their diets.  My dad often received bribes,  said one 28-year-old defector who asked to be identified only by her surname, Kang, because when she moved out in late 2010 she left her father behind. He was a high-ranking public official. The bribes he received included goat meat, dog meat and deer meat, she said. (For a graphic on 'Rising costs, falling aid' click tmsnrt.rs/2h95QBL) worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: fake meat free markets ease north korean hungerseoul reuters take drugs left making soy bean oil usually go feed pigs press roll paste stuff rice top chill sauce the dish name injogogi means meat in north korea years recipe survival today popular street food traded alongside goods services informal markets known jangmadang defectors say hundreds markets the creation informal trade injogogi foods offers window carter economy kept north korea afloat despite years isolation abuse sanctions back day people injogogi fill substitute meat said cho north korean defected south now people eat taste north korea set backing soviet union socialist state the soviet collapse crippled north korean economy brought centralized food distribution system as many three million people died those survived forced forage carter invent meals whatever found since people started use initiative studies indicate dealings become way millions north korean procure basic necessities food clothing but prevalence informal markets also makes hard understand exact state north korean economy and makes hard measure badly sanctions apply north korean food imports hurting ordinary people pyongyang said curb threaten survival children defectors say poor corn harvest year made hard people rural areas feed the agencies want help find hard measure pyongyang says percent north korean still use state central distribution system main source food number people estimates food insecure the system consistently provides lower food rations government daily target according food agency world food programme wp the uses information call member states provide food aid north korea million nutrition support alone last request received million but surveys anecdotal evidence defectors suggest private markets main source supply north korean it becomes sort ridiculous analyze food distribution north korea focusing archaic system lost much significance past couple decades said benjamin silberstein associate scholar foreign policy research institute researches north korean economy the wp main food aid agency food agricultural organization said relies available information inputs including official statistics the agencies permanent office pyongyang make regular visits public distribution centers farms occasionally markets north korea we recognize data sources limited best available present said agencies joint statement referring official north korean government data the agencies said seen sign food needed delivered north korean the main issue monotonous diet mainly ichi bean paste lacking essential fats protein statement said the north korean diplomatic mission geneva respond questions international sanctions might harming food availability whether aid agencies access markets north korea assess products offer last year north korea economy grew percent fastest years faster many developed economies according south korea central bank it helped largely mining market reforms dealings china neighbor world largest economy reporters saw signs chronic hunger north korea recently people defected say food supply improved recent years eight defectors told reuters ate much thing people south asked contents food cupboard said stocked privately grown vegetables locally made snacks rice poor corn cheaper staple younger wealthier defectors say plenty meat although often seasonal electric power erratic power bridges pork common defectors also talked eating dog meat rabbit badger even average north korean less well flourished southern neighbors the wp says around one four children grown less tall south korean counterparts a study said children north cm inches shorter kg pounds lighter brought south the north public distribution system pds stipulates percent people receive ration coupons spend state distribution shops the percent farmers eligible rations grow vegetables private plots according wp pds reinstated defectors say kim jong un came power also quietly worsened rules private trade some markets known grasshopper markets speed traders set take stalls still illegal but also officially sanctioned markets traders free buy sell provided pay stall fees state inventions like injogogi among foods traded stalls it low calories rich protein fiber help muscle growth keep hunger bay said lee chef north korean town hyeon took doctorate nutrition seoul because contains much protein also chew lee said the sauce delicious said cho people lived sea put shredded anchovies sauce people living countryside used spicy peppers i lived close shore i used shredded sand eels the jangmadang remotely monitored website called daily nk operation staffed north korean defector journalists it said report released august officially sanctioned markets country encompassing half million stalls over million people either directly indirectly reliant markets solidifying place north korean society integral irreversible means survival report said in survey defectors seoul university professor kim found official channels pds accounted percent people food intake around percent respondents said private markets important source food remaining percent came crops so official system may mean little many north korean wp consistently asking north korean government carry detailed study market activity role markets achieving household food security spokeswoman said as countries north korea wealthy choice residents capital order pizza one pyongyang hundreds restaurants say regular visitors many entries operated enterprises some used cater tourists increasingly also collect dollars euros locals at place people know italian kwangbok street example money locals western tourists alike pick console pasta pepperoni pizza menu says this compares kill corn portion injogogi markets reuters unable determine restaurant sources ingredients pepperoni although north korea imports processed meats cheeses european countries southeast asia imports legal calls phone numbers menu failed operator pyongyang switchboard said numbers could connected international lines as economy north korea changed tastes money middle class keen try new foods kim jong un called domestically produced goods according state media locally made sweets snacks candies the country publish detailed import data china exports sugar north korea january september year balloon tonnes chinese data shows that half china global sugar exports compares tonnes north korea produce sugar according international sugar organization north sugar consumption fairly steady around tonnes year modest amount per head each south korean consumes nine times at end social scale chinese data shows corn exports north korea also jumped first nine months year nearly tonnes compared tonnes whole daily nk reporters say call secret sources north korea several times week get market price rice corn pork fuels currency traded around dollar opposed official rate around dollar so far reports suggest petrol diesel prices doubled since recent round security council resolutions the market price rice corn increased less sharply reuters able independently confirm reports and ways north korean supplement diets my dad often received bribes said one defector asked identified surname kang moved late left father behind he public official the bribes received included goat meat dog meat deer meat said for graphic costs falling aid click worldnews