German election campaign largely unaffected by fake news or botsBERLIN/FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Germany is on guard against any last-minute meddling in  Sunday s election but experts have seen only isolated attempts to swing votes during the campaign. There are also no signs that fake news will affect the outcome of the election, which Chancellor Angela Merkel s Christian Democrats are expected to win. The broadly clean bill of health from political experts and social media watchers is in contrast to the U.S. and French presidential elections of the past 12 months, in which Russia was accused of trying to influence the outcome. (For a graphic on German federal elections click tmsnrt.rs/2h0NqCT)   People generally aren t expecting a huge amount of digital meddling because in the end it didn t work in France, and it s just too closely associated with Russia. It would hurt them (Russia),  said Sergey Lagodinsky, a lawyer and researcher with a Green Party-connected think tank in Berlin. The sharing of false or misleading headlines and mass posting by automated social media  bots  have had little influence in Germany s quiet campaign, government officials and political experts say. And an Oxford University study concluded this week that far less fake news was being spread in Germany than in the United States before the 2016 presidential election. Concern had been raised in Germany by the accusations of Russian meddling in last year s U.S. presidential election to prevent Democrat Hilary Clinton winning and in this year s French presidential election, in which eventual winner Emmanuel Macron s team complained his campaign was targeted by a  massive and coordinated  hacking operation. Russia has denied meddling in foreign elections. FAR-RIGHT SET TO ENTER PARLIAMENT Germany s biggest political parties, worried about the impact of a hack that stole politicians  data in 2015, agreed this year not to exploit any information that might be leaked as a result of a cyber attack, and not to use bots. Social media watchers spotted a small-scale effort late in the campaign by Russian accounts on Twitter to amplify a call by German far-right activists for their supporters to volunteer as observers at polls to prevent possible voting fraud. The far-right call for election monitors centered on a site with a tiny following called wahlbeobachtung.de, which features demands for a recount if many invalid ballots are found. It was retweeted by a Russian  bot-for-hire  169 times in recent days, fake news tracking site Digital Forensic Research Labs said. The site, run by EinProzent (One Percent), an anti-immigrant, anti-Merkel  patriotic citizens  network , has drawn just 305 Facebook users to sign up as monitors so far. German voters will cast votes at some 88,000 polling stations. Of 1 million tweets tracked by the Oxford group in the first 10 days of September, 30 percent were tied to the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD), far outweighing support shown for the party in polls: it is running at around 10 percent. That puts the AfD on track to enter parliament for the first time as the third largest party.  Facebook Germany spokesman Klaus Gorny said the company was keeping a close eye on abuse while sticking to its principles of allowing free speech.  He said there was no doubt that right-wing postings, some of them quite offensive, had increased, but Facebook was only removing content that was illegal.   There are certainly things that are completely off, but they re not illegal,  he said.  worldnews
german election campaign largely unaffected fake news reuters germany guard meddling sunday election experts seen isolated attempts swing votes campaign there also signs fake news affect outcome election chancellor angela merkel christian democrats expected win the broadly clean bill health political experts social media watchers contrast french presidential elections past months russia accused trying influence outcome for graphic german federal elections click people generally expecting huge amount digital meddling end work france closely associated russia it would hurt russia said series lagodinsky lawyer researcher green think tank berlin the sharing false misleading headlines mass posting automated social media bots little influence germany quiet campaign government officials political experts say and oxford university study concluded week far less fake news spread germany united states presidential election concern raised germany accusations russian meddling last year presidential election prevent democrat hilary clinton winning year french presidential election eventual winner emmanuel macron team complained campaign targeted massive coordinated hacking operation russia denied meddling foreign elections set to enter parliament germany biggest political parties worried impact hack stole politicians data agreed year exploit information might leaked result cyber attack use bots social media watchers spotted effort late campaign russian accounts twitter amplify call german activists supporters volunteer observers polls prevent possible voting fraud the call election monitors centered site tiny following called features demands recount many invalid ballots found it retreated russian times recent days fake news tracking site digital forensic research labs said the site run einprozent one percent patriotic citizens network drawn facebook users sign monitors far german voters cast votes polling stations of million tweets tracked oxford group first days september percent tied alternative germany afd far outweighing support shown party polls running around percent that puts afd track enter parliament first time third largest party facebook germany spokesman class gory said company keeping close eye abuse sticking principles allowing free speech he said doubt postings quite offensive increased facebook removing content illegal there certainly things completely illegal said worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: German election campaign largely unaffected by fake news or botsBERLIN/FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Germany is on guard against any last-minute meddling in  Sunday s election but experts have seen only isolated attempts to swing votes during the campaign. There are also no signs that fake news will affect the outcome of the election, which Chancellor Angela Merkel s Christian Democrats are expected to win. The broadly clean bill of health from political experts and social media watchers is in contrast to the U.S. and French presidential elections of the past 12 months, in which Russia was accused of trying to influence the outcome. (For a graphic on German federal elections click tmsnrt.rs/2h0NqCT)   People generally aren t expecting a huge amount of digital meddling because in the end it didn t work in France, and it s just too closely associated with Russia. It would hurt them (Russia),  said Sergey Lagodinsky, a lawyer and researcher with a Green Party-connected think tank in Berlin. The sharing of false or misleading headlines and mass posting by automated social media  bots  have had little influence in Germany s quiet campaign, government officials and political experts say. And an Oxford University study concluded this week that far less fake news was being spread in Germany than in the United States before the 2016 presidential election. Concern had been raised in Germany by the accusations of Russian meddling in last year s U.S. presidential election to prevent Democrat Hilary Clinton winning and in this year s French presidential election, in which eventual winner Emmanuel Macron s team complained his campaign was targeted by a  massive and coordinated  hacking operation. Russia has denied meddling in foreign elections. FAR-RIGHT SET TO ENTER PARLIAMENT Germany s biggest political parties, worried about the impact of a hack that stole politicians  data in 2015, agreed this year not to exploit any information that might be leaked as a result of a cyber attack, and not to use bots. Social media watchers spotted a small-scale effort late in the campaign by Russian accounts on Twitter to amplify a call by German far-right activists for their supporters to volunteer as observers at polls to prevent possible voting fraud. The far-right call for election monitors centered on a site with a tiny following called wahlbeobachtung.de, which features demands for a recount if many invalid ballots are found. It was retweeted by a Russian  bot-for-hire  169 times in recent days, fake news tracking site Digital Forensic Research Labs said. The site, run by EinProzent (One Percent), an anti-immigrant, anti-Merkel  patriotic citizens  network , has drawn just 305 Facebook users to sign up as monitors so far. German voters will cast votes at some 88,000 polling stations. Of 1 million tweets tracked by the Oxford group in the first 10 days of September, 30 percent were tied to the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD), far outweighing support shown for the party in polls: it is running at around 10 percent. That puts the AfD on track to enter parliament for the first time as the third largest party.  Facebook Germany spokesman Klaus Gorny said the company was keeping a close eye on abuse while sticking to its principles of allowing free speech.  He said there was no doubt that right-wing postings, some of them quite offensive, had increased, but Facebook was only removing content that was illegal.   There are certainly things that are completely off, but they re not illegal,  he said.  worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: german election campaign largely unaffected fake news reuters germany guard meddling sunday election experts seen isolated attempts swing votes campaign there also signs fake news affect outcome election chancellor angela merkel christian democrats expected win the broadly clean bill health political experts social media watchers contrast french presidential elections past months russia accused trying influence outcome for graphic german federal elections click people generally expecting huge amount digital meddling end work france closely associated russia it would hurt russia said series lagodinsky lawyer researcher green think tank berlin the sharing false misleading headlines mass posting automated social media bots little influence germany quiet campaign government officials political experts say and oxford university study concluded week far less fake news spread germany united states presidential election concern raised germany accusations russian meddling last year presidential election prevent democrat hilary clinton winning year french presidential election eventual winner emmanuel macron team complained campaign targeted massive coordinated hacking operation russia denied meddling foreign elections set to enter parliament germany biggest political parties worried impact hack stole politicians data agreed year exploit information might leaked result cyber attack use bots social media watchers spotted effort late campaign russian accounts twitter amplify call german activists supporters volunteer observers polls prevent possible voting fraud the call election monitors centered site tiny following called features demands recount many invalid ballots found it retreated russian times recent days fake news tracking site digital forensic research labs said the site run einprozent one percent patriotic citizens network drawn facebook users sign monitors far german voters cast votes polling stations of million tweets tracked oxford group first days september percent tied alternative germany afd far outweighing support shown party polls running around percent that puts afd track enter parliament first time third largest party facebook germany spokesman class gory said company keeping close eye abuse sticking principles allowing free speech he said doubt postings quite offensive increased facebook removing content illegal there certainly things completely illegal said worldnews