NATO mulls 'offensive defense' with cyber warfare rulesTARTU, Estonia (Reuters) - A group of NATO allies are considering a more muscular response to state-sponsored computer hackers that could involve using cyber attacks to bring down enemy networks, officials said. The United States, Britain, Germany, Norway, Spain, Denmark and the Netherlands are drawing up cyber warfare principles to guide their militaries on what justifies deploying cyber attack weapons more broadly, aiming for agreement by early 2019. The doctrine could shift NATO s approach from being defensive to confronting hackers that officials say Russia, China and North Korea use to try to undermine Western governments and steal technology.  There s a change in the (NATO) mindset to accept that computers, just like aircraft and ships, have an offensive capability,  said U.S. Navy Commander Michael Widmann at the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, a research center affiliated to NATO that is coordinating doctrine writing.  Washington already has cyber weapons, such as computer code to take down websites or shut down IT systems, and in 2011 declared that it would respond to hostile cyber acts. The United States, and possibly Israel, are widely believed to have been behind  Stuxnet , a computer virus that destroyed nuclear centrifuges in Iran in 2010. Neither has confirmed it. Some NATO allies believe shutting down an enemy power plant through a cyber attack could be more effective than air strikes.  I need to do a certain mission and I have an air asset, I also have a cyber asset. What fits best for the me to get the effect I want?  Widmann said. The 29-nation NATO alliance recognized cyber as a domain of warfare, along with land, air and sea, in 2014, but has not outlined in detail what that entails. In Europe, the issue of deploying malware is sensitive because democratic governments do not want to be seen to be using the same tactics as an authoritarian regime. Commanders and experts have focused on defending their networks and blocking attempts at malicious manipulation of data. Senior Baltic and British security officials say they have intelligence showing persistent Russian cyber hacks to try to bring down European energy and telecommunications networks, coupled with Internet disinformation campaigns. They believe Russia is trying to break Western unity over economic sanctions imposed over Moscow s 2014 annexation of Crimea and its support for separatists in eastern Ukraine.  They (Russia) are seeking to attack the cohesion of NATO,  said a senior British security official, who said the balance between war and peace was becoming blurred in the virtual world.  It looks quite strategic.  Moscow has repeatedly denied any such cyber attacks. The United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Germany and France have  cyber commands    special headquarters to combat cyber espionage and hacks of critical infrastructure.  Estonia, which was hit by one of the world s first large-scale cyber attacks a decade ago, aims to open a cyber command next year and make it fully operational by 2020, with offensive cyber weapons.   You cannot only defend in cyberspace,  said Erki Kodar, Estonia s undersecretary for legal and administrative affairs who oversees cyber policy at the defense ministry. Across the globe this year computer hackers have disrupted multinational firms, ports and public services on an unprecedented scale, raising awareness of the issue.  NATO held its biggest ever cyber exercise this week at a military base in southern Estonia, testing 25 NATO allies against a fictional state-sponsored hacker group seeking to infiltrate NATO air defense and communication networks.  The fictional scenarios are based on real threats,  said Estonian army Lieutenant-Colonel Anders Kuusk, who ran the exercise.  NATO s commanders will not develop cyber weapons but allied defense ministers agreed last month that NATO commanders can request nations to allow them use of their weapons if requested. worldnews
nato mulls defense cyber warfare rulestartu estonia reuters a group nato allies considering muscular response computer hackers could involve using cyber attacks bring enemy networks officials said the united states britain germany norway spain denmark netherlands drawing cyber warfare principles guide militaries justifies deploying cyber attack weapons broadly aiming agreement early the doctrine could shift nato approach defensive confronting hackers officials say russia china north korea use try undermine western governments steal technology there change nato mindset accept computers like aircraft ships offensive capability said navy commander michael widmann nato cooperative cyber defence centre excellence research center affiliated nato coordinating doctrine writing washington already cyber weapons computer code take websites shut it systems declared would respond hostile cyber acts the united states possibly israel widely believed behind student computer virus destroyed nuclear centrifugal iran neither confirmed some nato allies believe shutting enemy power plant cyber attack could effective air strikes i need certain mission i air asset i also cyber asset what fits best get effect i want widmann said the nato alliance recognized cyber domain warfare along land air sea outlined detail entails in europe issue deploying malware sensitive democratic governments want seen using tactics authoritarian regime commanders experts focused defending networks blocking attempts malicious manipulation data senior basic british security officials say intelligence showing persistent russian cyber hacks try bring european energy telecommunications networks coupled internet disinformation campaigns they believe russia trying break western unity economic sanctions imposed moscow annexation crimea support separatists eastern ukraine they russia seeking attack cohesion nato said senior british security official said balance war peace becoming blurred virtual world it looks quite strategic moscow repeatedly denied cyber attacks the united states britain netherlands germany france cyber commands special headquarters combat cyber espionage hacks critical infrastructure estonia hit one world first cyber attacks decade ago aims open cyber command next year make fully operational offensive cyber weapons you defend cyberspace said eki koda estonia undersecretary legal administrative affairs oversees cyber policy defense ministry across globe year computer hackers disrupted multinational firms ports public services unprecedented scale raising awareness issue nato held biggest ever cyber exercise week military base southern estonia testing nato allies fictional hacker group seeking infiltrate nato air defense communication networks the fictional scenarios based real threats said estonia army anders dusk ran exercise nato commanders develop cyber weapons allied defense ministers agreed last month nato commanders request nations allow use weapons requested worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: NATO mulls 'offensive defense' with cyber warfare rulesTARTU, Estonia (Reuters) - A group of NATO allies are considering a more muscular response to state-sponsored computer hackers that could involve using cyber attacks to bring down enemy networks, officials said. The United States, Britain, Germany, Norway, Spain, Denmark and the Netherlands are drawing up cyber warfare principles to guide their militaries on what justifies deploying cyber attack weapons more broadly, aiming for agreement by early 2019. The doctrine could shift NATO s approach from being defensive to confronting hackers that officials say Russia, China and North Korea use to try to undermine Western governments and steal technology.  There s a change in the (NATO) mindset to accept that computers, just like aircraft and ships, have an offensive capability,  said U.S. Navy Commander Michael Widmann at the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, a research center affiliated to NATO that is coordinating doctrine writing.  Washington already has cyber weapons, such as computer code to take down websites or shut down IT systems, and in 2011 declared that it would respond to hostile cyber acts. The United States, and possibly Israel, are widely believed to have been behind  Stuxnet , a computer virus that destroyed nuclear centrifuges in Iran in 2010. Neither has confirmed it. Some NATO allies believe shutting down an enemy power plant through a cyber attack could be more effective than air strikes.  I need to do a certain mission and I have an air asset, I also have a cyber asset. What fits best for the me to get the effect I want?  Widmann said. The 29-nation NATO alliance recognized cyber as a domain of warfare, along with land, air and sea, in 2014, but has not outlined in detail what that entails. In Europe, the issue of deploying malware is sensitive because democratic governments do not want to be seen to be using the same tactics as an authoritarian regime. Commanders and experts have focused on defending their networks and blocking attempts at malicious manipulation of data. Senior Baltic and British security officials say they have intelligence showing persistent Russian cyber hacks to try to bring down European energy and telecommunications networks, coupled with Internet disinformation campaigns. They believe Russia is trying to break Western unity over economic sanctions imposed over Moscow s 2014 annexation of Crimea and its support for separatists in eastern Ukraine.  They (Russia) are seeking to attack the cohesion of NATO,  said a senior British security official, who said the balance between war and peace was becoming blurred in the virtual world.  It looks quite strategic.  Moscow has repeatedly denied any such cyber attacks. The United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Germany and France have  cyber commands    special headquarters to combat cyber espionage and hacks of critical infrastructure.  Estonia, which was hit by one of the world s first large-scale cyber attacks a decade ago, aims to open a cyber command next year and make it fully operational by 2020, with offensive cyber weapons.   You cannot only defend in cyberspace,  said Erki Kodar, Estonia s undersecretary for legal and administrative affairs who oversees cyber policy at the defense ministry. Across the globe this year computer hackers have disrupted multinational firms, ports and public services on an unprecedented scale, raising awareness of the issue.  NATO held its biggest ever cyber exercise this week at a military base in southern Estonia, testing 25 NATO allies against a fictional state-sponsored hacker group seeking to infiltrate NATO air defense and communication networks.  The fictional scenarios are based on real threats,  said Estonian army Lieutenant-Colonel Anders Kuusk, who ran the exercise.  NATO s commanders will not develop cyber weapons but allied defense ministers agreed last month that NATO commanders can request nations to allow them use of their weapons if requested. worldnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: nato mulls defense cyber warfare rulestartu estonia reuters a group nato allies considering muscular response computer hackers could involve using cyber attacks bring enemy networks officials said the united states britain germany norway spain denmark netherlands drawing cyber warfare principles guide militaries justifies deploying cyber attack weapons broadly aiming agreement early the doctrine could shift nato approach defensive confronting hackers officials say russia china north korea use try undermine western governments steal technology there change nato mindset accept computers like aircraft ships offensive capability said navy commander michael widmann nato cooperative cyber defence centre excellence research center affiliated nato coordinating doctrine writing washington already cyber weapons computer code take websites shut it systems declared would respond hostile cyber acts the united states possibly israel widely believed behind student computer virus destroyed nuclear centrifugal iran neither confirmed some nato allies believe shutting enemy power plant cyber attack could effective air strikes i need certain mission i air asset i also cyber asset what fits best get effect i want widmann said the nato alliance recognized cyber domain warfare along land air sea outlined detail entails in europe issue deploying malware sensitive democratic governments want seen using tactics authoritarian regime commanders experts focused defending networks blocking attempts malicious manipulation data senior basic british security officials say intelligence showing persistent russian cyber hacks try bring european energy telecommunications networks coupled internet disinformation campaigns they believe russia trying break western unity economic sanctions imposed moscow annexation crimea support separatists eastern ukraine they russia seeking attack cohesion nato said senior british security official said balance war peace becoming blurred virtual world it looks quite strategic moscow repeatedly denied cyber attacks the united states britain netherlands germany france cyber commands special headquarters combat cyber espionage hacks critical infrastructure estonia hit one world first cyber attacks decade ago aims open cyber command next year make fully operational offensive cyber weapons you defend cyberspace said eki koda estonia undersecretary legal administrative affairs oversees cyber policy defense ministry across globe year computer hackers disrupted multinational firms ports public services unprecedented scale raising awareness issue nato held biggest ever cyber exercise week military base southern estonia testing nato allies fictional hacker group seeking infiltrate nato air defense communication networks the fictional scenarios based real threats said estonia army anders dusk ran exercise nato commanders develop cyber weapons allied defense ministers agreed last month nato commanders request nations allow use weapons requested worldnews