U.S. pressed to disclose secret court's order on Yahoo email searchSAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - A U.S. senator and civil groups critical of surveillance practices on Friday called on the government to release a 2015 order by a secret court directing Yahoo to scan all its users’ incoming email, saying it appeared to involve new interpretations of at least two important legal issues. Their concerns center on the nature of the technical assistance the court required Yahoo to provide and the scope of the search that legal experts said appeared to cover the Silicon Valley internet company’s entire network. Yahoo installed a custom software program to search messages to hundreds of millions of accounts at the behest of U.S. intelligence officials with an order from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, a secret tribunal, Reuters reported on Tuesday. They were looking for messages containing a single piece of digital content, three former employees and a fourth person apprised of the events told Reuters. Intelligence officials told Reuters that all Yahoo had to do was modify existing systems for stopping child pornography from being sent through its email or filtering spam messages. But the pornography filters are aimed only at video and still images and cannot search text, as the Yahoo program did. The spam filters, meanwhile, are viewable by many employees who curate them, and there is no confusion about where they sit in the software stack and how they operate. The court-ordered search Yahoo conducted, on the other hand, was done by a module attached to the Linux kernel - in other words, it was deeply buried near the core of the email server operating system, far below where mail sorting was handled, according to three former Yahoo employees. They said that made it hard to detect and also made it hard to figure out what the program was doing.  How much companies can be forced to do to comply with government orders for searching data is being debated in the courts. Companies have successfully argued that changes that would degrade users’ experience or force them to write new code, essentially a form of speech, would violate basic rights. Most famously, Apple refused to write code that would unlock an iPhone belonging to a gunman in last year’s mass shooting in San Bernardino, California. The FBI later dropped its demand. In the case of Yahoo, company security staff discovered a software program that was scanning email but ended an investigation when they found it had been approved by Chief Executive Officer Marissa Mayer, the sources said.  Lawmakers are concerned about the request and whether information about it is being properly disclosed to the public. “Recent reports of a mass-email scanning program have alleged that federal law is being interpreted in ways that many Americans would find surprising and troubling,” said Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, a member of the intelligence committee and frequent critic of government surveillance programs.   “The USA Freedom Act requires the executive branch to declassify Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court opinions that involve novel interpretations of laws or the Constitution,” Wyden said.  Intelligence officials said the Yahoo order resembled other requests for monitoring online communications of suspected terrorists. The program is far different from the bulk collection of emails and telephone records that was disclosed by fugitive National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, they said, stressing the target was a digital “signature” associated with a single entity’s suspected terrorist activity. But legal experts question whether the order might have stretched the concept of a “facility” used by a foreign power from its traditional definition, involving a single phone number or an email account, to include a large company’s entire communication network. “If the facility means all of Yahoo’s network, I don’t see how that’s consistent with the Fourth Amendment,” which bars unreasonable searches, said Greg Nojeim, senior counsel at the Center for Democracy & Technology. politicsNews
pressed disclose secret court order yahoo email searchsan francisco reuters a senator civil groups critical surveillance practices friday called government release order secret court directing yahoo scan users incoming email saying appeared involve new interpretations least two important legal issues their concerns center nature technical assistance court required yahoo provide scope search legal experts said appeared cover silicon valley internet company entire network yahoo installed custom software program search messages hundreds millions accounts behest intelligence officials order foreign intelligence surveillance court secret tribunal reuters reported tuesday they looking messages containing single piece digital content three former employees fourth person applied events told reuters intelligence officials told reuters yahoo modify existing systems stopping child pornography sent email filtering spam messages but pornography filters aimed video still images search text yahoo program the spam filters meanwhile viewable many employees curate confusion sit software stack operate the search yahoo conducted hand done module attached linux kernel words deeply buried near core email server operating system far mail sorting handled according three former yahoo employees they said made hard detect also made hard figure program how much companies forced comply government orders searching data debated courts companies successfully argued changes would degrade users experience force write new code essentially form speech would violate basic rights most famously apple refused write code would unlock iphone belonging gunman last year mass shooting san bernardino california the fbi later dropped demand in case yahoo company security staff discovered software program scanning email ended investigation found approved chief executive officer maria mayer sources said lawmakers concerned request whether information properly disclosed public recent reports scanning program alleged federal law interpreted ways many americans would find surprising troubling said democratic senator ron widen oregon member intelligence committee frequent critic government surveillance programs the usa freedom act requires executive branch classify foreign intelligence surveillance court opinions involve novel interpretations laws constitution widen said intelligence officials said yahoo order resembled requests monitoring online communications suspected terrorists the program far different bulk collection emails telephone records disclosed fugitive national security agency contractor edward snowden said stressing target digital signature associated single entity suspected terrorist activity but legal experts question whether order might stretched concept facility used foreign power traditional definition involving single phone number email account include large company entire communication network if facility means yahoo network i see consistent fourth amendment bars unreasonable searches said greg noje senior counsel center democracy technology politicsnews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: U.S. pressed to disclose secret court's order on Yahoo email searchSAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - A U.S. senator and civil groups critical of surveillance practices on Friday called on the government to release a 2015 order by a secret court directing Yahoo to scan all its users’ incoming email, saying it appeared to involve new interpretations of at least two important legal issues. Their concerns center on the nature of the technical assistance the court required Yahoo to provide and the scope of the search that legal experts said appeared to cover the Silicon Valley internet company’s entire network. Yahoo installed a custom software program to search messages to hundreds of millions of accounts at the behest of U.S. intelligence officials with an order from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, a secret tribunal, Reuters reported on Tuesday. They were looking for messages containing a single piece of digital content, three former employees and a fourth person apprised of the events told Reuters. Intelligence officials told Reuters that all Yahoo had to do was modify existing systems for stopping child pornography from being sent through its email or filtering spam messages. But the pornography filters are aimed only at video and still images and cannot search text, as the Yahoo program did. The spam filters, meanwhile, are viewable by many employees who curate them, and there is no confusion about where they sit in the software stack and how they operate. The court-ordered search Yahoo conducted, on the other hand, was done by a module attached to the Linux kernel - in other words, it was deeply buried near the core of the email server operating system, far below where mail sorting was handled, according to three former Yahoo employees. They said that made it hard to detect and also made it hard to figure out what the program was doing.  How much companies can be forced to do to comply with government orders for searching data is being debated in the courts. Companies have successfully argued that changes that would degrade users’ experience or force them to write new code, essentially a form of speech, would violate basic rights. Most famously, Apple refused to write code that would unlock an iPhone belonging to a gunman in last year’s mass shooting in San Bernardino, California. The FBI later dropped its demand. In the case of Yahoo, company security staff discovered a software program that was scanning email but ended an investigation when they found it had been approved by Chief Executive Officer Marissa Mayer, the sources said.  Lawmakers are concerned about the request and whether information about it is being properly disclosed to the public. “Recent reports of a mass-email scanning program have alleged that federal law is being interpreted in ways that many Americans would find surprising and troubling,” said Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, a member of the intelligence committee and frequent critic of government surveillance programs.   “The USA Freedom Act requires the executive branch to declassify Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court opinions that involve novel interpretations of laws or the Constitution,” Wyden said.  Intelligence officials said the Yahoo order resembled other requests for monitoring online communications of suspected terrorists. The program is far different from the bulk collection of emails and telephone records that was disclosed by fugitive National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, they said, stressing the target was a digital “signature” associated with a single entity’s suspected terrorist activity. But legal experts question whether the order might have stretched the concept of a “facility” used by a foreign power from its traditional definition, involving a single phone number or an email account, to include a large company’s entire communication network. “If the facility means all of Yahoo’s network, I don’t see how that’s consistent with the Fourth Amendment,” which bars unreasonable searches, said Greg Nojeim, senior counsel at the Center for Democracy & Technology. politicsNews
Your task is to classify the provided input as real or fake news. Label 0 is meant for fake news, Label 1 is for real news. TEXT: pressed disclose secret court order yahoo email searchsan francisco reuters a senator civil groups critical surveillance practices friday called government release order secret court directing yahoo scan users incoming email saying appeared involve new interpretations least two important legal issues their concerns center nature technical assistance court required yahoo provide scope search legal experts said appeared cover silicon valley internet company entire network yahoo installed custom software program search messages hundreds millions accounts behest intelligence officials order foreign intelligence surveillance court secret tribunal reuters reported tuesday they looking messages containing single piece digital content three former employees fourth person applied events told reuters intelligence officials told reuters yahoo modify existing systems stopping child pornography sent email filtering spam messages but pornography filters aimed video still images search text yahoo program the spam filters meanwhile viewable many employees curate confusion sit software stack operate the search yahoo conducted hand done module attached linux kernel words deeply buried near core email server operating system far mail sorting handled according three former yahoo employees they said made hard detect also made hard figure program how much companies forced comply government orders searching data debated courts companies successfully argued changes would degrade users experience force write new code essentially form speech would violate basic rights most famously apple refused write code would unlock iphone belonging gunman last year mass shooting san bernardino california the fbi later dropped demand in case yahoo company security staff discovered software program scanning email ended investigation found approved chief executive officer maria mayer sources said lawmakers concerned request whether information properly disclosed public recent reports scanning program alleged federal law interpreted ways many americans would find surprising troubling said democratic senator ron widen oregon member intelligence committee frequent critic government surveillance programs the usa freedom act requires executive branch classify foreign intelligence surveillance court opinions involve novel interpretations laws constitution widen said intelligence officials said yahoo order resembled requests monitoring online communications suspected terrorists the program far different bulk collection emails telephone records disclosed fugitive national security agency contractor edward snowden said stressing target digital signature associated single entity suspected terrorist activity but legal experts question whether order might stretched concept facility used foreign power traditional definition involving single phone number email account include large company entire communication network if facility means yahoo network i see consistent fourth amendment bars unreasonable searches said greg noje senior counsel center democracy technology politicsnews