english: So to give you an idea of how bad guys go about cracking passwords, they will steal a password file that will have all of the passwords in kind of a scrambled form, called a hash, and so what they'll do is they'll make a guess as to what a password is, run it through a hashing function, and see whether it matches the passwords they have on their stolen password list.
non_english: Stručne vysvetlím, ako hekeri prelamujú heslá. Ukradnú súbor s heslami v šifrovanej podobe, tzv. hash, tipnú si heslo, ktoré by tam mohlo byť,  použijú naň hašovaciu funkciu a uvidia, či sa výsledok zhoduje  s niektorým šifrovaným heslom v súbore.