english: In 1949, when the Party took power, China was mired in civil wars, dismembered by foreign aggression, average life expectancy at that time, 41 years old.
non_english: In 1949, toen de Partij de macht overnam, zat China vast in burgeroorlogen,  verscheurd door buitenlandse agressie, en de gemiddelde leeftijdsverwachting was 41 jaar.