anchor: Ajami's heroes are figures such as Egypt's novelist Naguib Mahfuz, the Palestinian academic Sari Nusseibah, and the tragic Hawi--men of integrity imbued with the old, confident spirit of cosmopolitanism and an openness to the Western ideas that led to the Arab awakening in the first place.
positive: Openness to Western ideas led to the Arab Awakening.
negative: The Arab Awakening strictly forbids Western influence.