anchor: By the eighth century b.c. the 12 main city-states of Ionia, including Ephesus, Priene, and Miletus, had formed what was known as the Pan-Ionic League.
positive: Ephesus, Priene, and Miletus were part of a league of city-states in the region of Ionia.
negative: The city-states in Ionia were never able to form any kind of alliance.