anchor: A Cummins representative stated that not using prototypes becomes a matter of pay me now or pay me later, meaning that it is far less costly to demonstrate a product's design early in development with prototypes, concepts, and analyses than to incur the cost of significant design changes after a product has entered production-a much more costly environment to make changes.
positive: Someone from Cummins said that product design demonstration costs less with prototypes.
negative: A representative from Cummins never participated in any talk about product design.