anchor: The city was ruled in turn by the Lydians, the Persians, and the Attalid kings of Pergamum, until 133 b.c. , when Attalus III bequeathed his kingdom, and Ephesus with it, to the Romans.
positive: In 133 B.C., the kingdom was given over to Roman control by Attalus III.
negative: Attalus III died fighting the Romans, and it took a bloody battle for the Romans to seize control of the kingdom.