anchor: The organizations that participated in our study found they could effectively and efficiently manage improper payments by (1) changing their organizations' control environments or cultures, (2) performing risk assessments, (3) implementing activities to reduce fraud and errors, (4) providing relevant, reliable, and timely information and communication of results to management, and
positive: The organizations involved in the study found that they could manage improper payments in multiple ways.
negative: The organization that got involved in the study found that they could not manage improper payments with any strategies, and would just have to accept them as a loss.