anchor: Sweeping through the Punjab and Gujarat across to the western end of the Ganga valley, Mahmud of Ghazni (997 1030) used these raids more to finance his empire in Persia and Turkistan than to set up a permanent foothold in India.
positive: Mahmud of Ghazni financed his empire in Persia and Turkistan with the help of raids.
negative: The Bunjab and Gujarat regions became home to Mahmud of Ghazni, who retreated from India.