In most cases, this common type of short-limbed dwarfism is related to a genetic mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. There are two possible causes of achondroplasia. One possible cause is a genetic mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene located on chromosome 4.The other possible cause is that the condition can be inherited from a parent with achondroplasia.chondroplasia can also be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In these cases, one of the parents with achondroplasia passes on the FGFR3 gene to the child.
A majority of the women who contracted Zika in the first or second trimester were still pregnant at the time of the report in early April. Other research has found that pregnant women infected with the Zika virus during their first trimester face as high as a 13 percent chance that their fetus will develop microcephaly. Dr. Stella Guerra performs physical therapy on an infant born with microcephaly on June 2, in Recife, Brazil. (Mario Tama/Getty Images)
Causes Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly, which is characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral hemispheres. Although the exact cause of hydranencephaly remains undetermined in most cases, the most likely general cause is by vascular insult such as stroke or injury, intrauterine infections, or traumatic disorders after the first trimester of pregnancy.