Updated October 25, 2016. Definition: A budget deficit is when spending is greater than the revenue received for that year. That's known as deficit spending. The national debt is the accumulation of each year's deficit. When revenue exceeds spending, that creates a budget surplus.
Quick Answer. Mexico gained independence from Spain on Sept. 27, 1821. On Sept. 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence from Spain by issuing the Grito de Dolores and launched the Mexican War of Independence. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Cordoba on Aug. 24, 1821.
On September 28, 1821, the first independent government was named with Iturbide at the head. Independence was followed by 30 years of great political turmoil, which included the Mexican-America War of 1846-1848 in which Mexico lost Texas, California, and New Mexico to the victors. Then came a period of reform, led by the educated of the country.