From the geology course I took in 1975: Minerals are naturally occurring crystals of compound. Snow is a mineral, but volcanic glass is not. Rocks are amalgams of minerals and non-minerals.
In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, collocation is a sub-type of phraseme. An example of a phraseological collocation, as propounded by Michael Halliday, is the expression strong tea.
translocation (tranz-loh-kay-shÅn) n. (in genetics) a type of chromosome mutation in which part of a chromosome is transferred to another part of the same chromosome or to a different chromosome. This can lead to serious genetic disorders, e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia.