In the hypothesis testing approach of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson, a null hypothesis is contrasted with an alternative hypothesis, and the two hypotheses are distinguished on the basis of data, with certain error rates. Proponents of each approach criticize the other approach.
In geography, relief refers to the highest and lowest elevation points in an area. Mountains and ridges are typically the highest elevation points, while valleys and other low-lying areas are the lowest. Relief is essential to understanding the topography of an area.
Rivers Run Through It. A physical map shows the landscape of the area covered: its mountains, rivers, and valleys, for example. A relief map is a one kind of physical map; it shows the. heights and steepness of these features of the landscape. Like all maps, relief. maps have a legend, a compass rose, and a scale.