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Quick Answer. Four muscles are used to chew food. They are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid. These muscles are responsible for the chewing action, moving the mandibles from side to side, grinding teeth and even helping us speak. They are also referred to as muscles of mastication..
And a small number of muscles are named after their function. 1  The risorius is a facial muscle that is crucial for the expressions of smiling and laughter. 2  Masseter comes from the Greek word for chew, and that's its function in the human jaw.