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Tay-Sachs disease An inherited condition characterized by the absence of a single lysosomal enzyme called Hex A, which normally breaks down a membrane glycolipid called ganglioside G_M2 that is especially prevalent in nerve cells; usually occurs in children of Ashkenazi (eastern European Jewish) descent and is characterized by seizures and muscle rigidity.
Genetic Changes. Mutations in the HEXA gene cause Tay-Sachs disease. The HEXA gene provides instructions for making part of an enzyme called beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a critical role in the brain and spinal cord. This enzyme is located in lysosomes, which are structures in cells that break down toxic substances and act as recycling centers.