In the hypothesis testing approach of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson, a null hypothesis is contrasted with an alternative hypothesis, and the two hypotheses are distinguished on the basis of data, with certain error rates. Proponents of each approach criticize the other approach.
In geography, relief refers to the highest and lowest elevation points in an area. Mountains and ridges are typically the highest elevation points, while valleys and other low-lying areas are the lowest. Relief is essential to understanding the topography of an area.
Vitamin E may benefit altitude sickness. Antioxidant supplementation (vitamin E with beta-carotene, vitamin C, selenium, and zinc) may improve breathing at high altitudes. However, antioxidants may not reduce inflammation after exercise at high altitudes. More research is needed.