Fear of the unknown. Fear of the unknown or irrational fear is caused by negative thinking (worry) which arises from anxiety accompanied with a subjective sense of apprehension or dread. Irrational fear like any other fears share common neural pathway that engages to mobilize bodily resources in the face of threat.
CITI Refresher. In order to maintain CITI certification, everyone is required to complete the CITI Refresher course every three (3) years after initial certification is obtained. Completion of the refresher modules can usually be completed in less than two hours. New employees must complete the required modules and obtain CITI certification within 90 days from date of hire. 2  Members of the human subject research team, including the Principal Investigator (PI), must have current certification.
Many people have asked about how long a certain certification lasts for. The two main providers, the Red Cross and the Lifesaving Society, have some different courses with different certificates. Standard First Aid and Emergency First Aid are valid for two years under the Lifesaving Society and three years under the Red Cross. CPR courses are valid for three years by the Red Cross and two years by the Lifesaving Society. However, annual recertification is recommended by both providers. The Lifesaving Society offers two AED courses, AED responder and AED provider, both of which are valid for two years.