A femoral hernia occurs when the intestine enters the canal carrying the femoral artery into the upper thigh. Femoral hernias are most common in women, especially those who are pregnant or obese. In an umbilical hernia, part of the small intestine passes through the abdominal wall near the navel.
Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney.
Mechanistically, parathyroid hormone preserves blood calcium by several major effects: 1  Stimulates production of the biologically-active form of vitamin D within the kidney. 2  Facilitates mobilization of calcium and phosphate from bone. 3  Maximizes tubular reabsorption of calcium within the kidney.