Substituting hydrogenatedvegetable oil for tropical oils may not be beneficial,however, because when oils are hydrogenated, they becomesaturated, and trans fatty acids are formed. 98 3.3.2 Animal FatsButter, edible tallow (beef fat), and lard (pork fat) arealso substitutes for vegetable oils.
Relatedness (Anthropology). The term ârelatednessâ has been used in kinship studies since the 1990s to signal a move away from more formal or restrictive definitions of kinship.
According to Hamilton's rule for relatedness, for relative-specific interactions to occur, such as kin altruism, a high level of relatedness is necessary between two individuals. Carpenter ants, like many social insect species, have mechanisms by which individuals determine whether others are nestmates or not.