First, consider deliberate thinking. Deliberate thinking is relatively slow, rule-based and explicit; a contemplative process of weighing pros and cons, gathering scientific or statistical evidence. It would appear that this makes for pretty solid decision-making.
Jul 24, 2015. Outliers increase the standard deviation. Mean is most affected by outliers, since all values in a sample are given the same weight when calculating mean. A value that is far removed from the mean is going to likely skew your results and increase the standard deviation. Say you have five values: 2, 1, 2, 1.5, and 2.1.
Alternatively, if the two outliers were 5 and 6, and the next lowest (non-outlier) number was 11, then the 5 and 6 would change to 11s. Another option is to change the value to the next highest/lowest (non-outlier) number PLUS one unit increment higher/lower.