Overhead expenses, combined with direct material and direct labor expenses, form the three components to the cost of any product or service that a small business might offer.
In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker.
The Half-Breeds worked to get civil service reform, and finally created the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. Stalwarts favored traditional machine politics. spoils system: A practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their support and as an incentive to keep working for the party.