Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase: The muscarinic receptor, through interaction with an inhibitory GTP-binding protein, acts to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Reduced cAMP production leads to reduced activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, reduced heart rate, and contraction strength.
In someone suffering with scleroderma, collagen (a protein manufactured by the connective tissues of the body) is produced in excess. This over-production of collagen can be likened to the process of scarring, which is the way the body heals a wound. For persons with scleroderma, the scarring gets out of hand.
High levels of cortisol deplete collagen, counteract insulin, decrease bone density and can also lead to hair loss. High and constant levels of stress cause the adrenal glands to become overactive due to the increased need for the stress hormone, cortisol. When the male body is stressed, it also produces additional testosterone and adrenaline. Additional testosterone means more DHT which often leads to hair loss in men.