Why don't astronomers use everyday units to measure distances (what is an AU or a pc)? (Intermediate)
How this formula works: The WEEKNUM function takes two arguments, a date, and, optionally, an argument called return_type, which controls the scheme used to calculate the week number. See the WEEKNUM page for more information. B4 contains a date value for January 5, 2016. The DAY function returns the number 2 representing the calculated week number. Note that by default, the WEEKNUM function uses a scheme where week 1 begins on January 1, and week 2 begins on the next Sunday (when the return_type argument is omitted, or supplied as 1).
What you are actually calculating in that method is the day of the week as a number, then formatting that as a day based on that number interpreted as a date. Eg if your date is 1/2/2003 and you use the WEEKDAY function, this results in 7 (=Saturday).