Virus and spyware definitions are files that act like an encyclopedia of known malicious software, including viruses, spyware, and other potentially unwanted software.
Highly accurate DNA parental testing became available in the 1980s with the development of RFLP. In the 1990s, PCR, developed in 1983, became the standard method for DNA parental testing. A simpler, faster, and more accurate method of testing than RFLP, it has an exclusion rate of 99.99% or higher.
In 1952 there was a big race to determine the structure of DNA, which had been found to be an integral component of the genes of humans and all other living organisms. Two scientists (James Watson and Francis Crick, at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University) were in a dead heat with Linus Pauling at Cal Tech.