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Recumbent bikes, in particular, are an excellent option for those with low back pain as the bike provides added support for the back. Recumbent bikes are also good for those who are new to cycling. The bottom line: a recumbent bike can provide a cardiovascular workout for users of virtually all ability levels.
In the study discussion notes, the researchers remarked that the hamstrings and quadriceps are used more on a recumbent bike than an upright bike. On a recumbent bike, your legs are primarily responsible for powering the machine, but on an upright bike, your core and upper body share the work load with your legs. On an upright bike, keeping your abdominal muscles tight is important for maintaining proper form and control.