Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase: The muscarinic receptor, through interaction with an inhibitory GTP-binding protein, acts to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Reduced cAMP production leads to reduced activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, reduced heart rate, and contraction strength.
Scleroderma, a rare autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal connective tissue growth, can wreak havoc on everything from the skin and heart to lungs, teeth, speech, and movement. The overproduction of collagen causes the skin and organs to harden, leading them to atrophy and possibly fail.
HRT has a positive effect on collagen as well as bone. 1  Taking HRT leads to a decreased osteoclastic resorption. 2  There is evidence to support the beneficial effects of HRT on the maintenance and enhancement of muscle mass, strength and connective tissue in women.