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When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. Hydraulic fracturing began as an experiment in 1947, and the first commercially successful application followed in 1950.
Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, a type of drilling that has been used commercially for 65 years.s for natural gas, the United States is the leading producer in the world, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). EIA estimates total U.S. gas production from 2012 to 2040 will increase 56 percent, with natural gas from shale the leading contributor.