In the hypothesis testing approach of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson, a null hypothesis is contrasted with an alternative hypothesis, and the two hypotheses are distinguished on the basis of data, with certain error rates. Proponents of each approach criticize the other approach.
In geography, relief refers to the highest and lowest elevation points in an area. Mountains and ridges are typically the highest elevation points, while valleys and other low-lying areas are the lowest. Relief is essential to understanding the topography of an area.
1 Fault-block mountains-Fault-block mountains are formed along faults where some large blocks of rock are forced upwards while others are forced down. 2  The higher area is sometimes called a horst and the lower a graben (see the picture below).