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Quick Answer. Four muscles are used to chew food. They are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid. These muscles are responsible for the chewing action, moving the mandibles from side to side, grinding teeth and even helping us speak. They are also referred to as muscles of mastication..
Air inhaled through the mouth or nose also passes through the pharynx on its way to the larynx, and then passes through the pharynx on its way out of the body during exhalation. Inside the mouth are several structures that aid in the digestion of food. Teeth are hard structures specialized for the biting and grinding of food (known as mastication, or chewing). They form a continuous row in the bottom of the mouth surrounding the tongue on the lateral and anterior sides, as well as another nearly identical row extending from the roof of the mouth.