Overhead expenses, combined with direct material and direct labor expenses, form the three components to the cost of any product or service that a small business might offer.
In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker.
A faction within the Republican Party during the 1870 s and 1880 s that exploited the spoils system. The leader of the Stalwart faction was Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York. The Stalwartsâ rivalry with the Half-Breeds, another Republican faction during this time period, weakened the Republican Party significantly. Vertical Integration