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Quick Answer. Four muscles are used to chew food. They are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid. These muscles are responsible for the chewing action, moving the mandibles from side to side, grinding teeth and even helping us speak. They are also referred to as muscles of mastication..
There is no doubt that clenching your teeth will exercise the muscles and in time they will build bulk. There are a number of muscles that you use to close your jaw. This includes the temporalis, masseter, and two more muscles on the other side of the jaw bone from where the masseter is (the pteregoids).