Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase: The muscarinic receptor, through interaction with an inhibitory GTP-binding protein, acts to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Reduced cAMP production leads to reduced activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, reduced heart rate, and contraction strength.
Scleroderma, a rare autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal connective tissue growth, can wreak havoc on everything from the skin and heart to lungs, teeth, speech, and movement. The overproduction of collagen causes the skin and organs to harden, leading them to atrophy and possibly fail.
Overpronation causes excessive internal rotation of the lower leg and knee and can affect the alignment of entire lower body. Overpronation places extra strain on the lower body and can cause foot pain (pain in arches, heels and ankles), knee pain, leg pain, and lower back pain. Overpronation can cause or contribute to poor knee tracking and knee pain. The kneecap slides over a groove on the thighbone as your knee bends and straightens.