Overhead expenses, combined with direct material and direct labor expenses, form the three components to the cost of any product or service that a small business might offer.
In 1871, an era of political machines and patronage, Arthur was named to the powerful position of customs collector for the Port of New York. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker.
The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission  and also decreed that government jobs and positions should be  awarded based on merit. The act was signed â¦ into law by Chester A.  Arthur on January 16, 1883.he Pendleton Civil Service Act attempted to reform the spoils  system, which was the act by the President to reward his followers  with government jobs. The spoils system w â¦ orked in all levels and  branches of the government.