First, consider deliberate thinking. Deliberate thinking is relatively slow, rule-based and explicit; a contemplative process of weighing pros and cons, gathering scientific or statistical evidence. It would appear that this makes for pretty solid decision-making.
Jul 24, 2015. Outliers increase the standard deviation. Mean is most affected by outliers, since all values in a sample are given the same weight when calculating mean. A value that is far removed from the mean is going to likely skew your results and increase the standard deviation. Say you have five values: 2, 1, 2, 1.5, and 2.1.
An outlier can be created by a shift in the location. (mean) or in the scale (variability) of the process. Though an observation in a particular sample might be a. candidate as an outlier, the process might have shifted. Sometimes, the spurious result is a gross recording. error or a measurement error.