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Quick Answer. Four muscles are used to chew food. They are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid. These muscles are responsible for the chewing action, moving the mandibles from side to side, grinding teeth and even helping us speak. They are also referred to as muscles of mastication..
Masseter. The masseter muscle is a facial muscle that plays a major role in the chewing of solid foods. The muscle is shaped similar to a parallelogram, connecting to the mandible (lower jawbone) and the cheekbone.The masseter is divided into two distinct sections, the superficial and deep portions.he masseter is the key muscle that pulls the mandible upward. All four muscles are connected to a single division of the trigeminal nerve. Because of the sheer bulk of the masseter muscle, portions of it are sometimes removed by plastic surgeons performing jaw reduction surgery.