Life expectancy at birth, female (years) ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division.
Change in climate patterns: The effects of land pollution are very hazardous and can lead to the loss of ecosystems. When land is polluted, it directly or indirectly affects the climate patterns. 3.
Crop residues on the soil surface aggregates from the disruptive effect of raindrop impact. Destruction of surface aggregates, whether slaked by rain or broken, destabilized or crushed by tillage and traffic, tends to lead to the formation of a surface crust.