In contrast to proteins, which can have either a net positive or net negative charge, nucleic acids have a consistent negative charge imparted by their phosphate backbone, and migrate toward the anode. Proteins and nucleic acids are electrophoresed within a matrix or gel.
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Some laboratories will use immunoassay to screen for ANA and use IFA to confirm positive or equivocal results. 1  Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)âthis is a method in which a person's blood sample is mixed with cells that are affixed to a slide. Autoantibodies that may be present in the blood react with the cells.