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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
Microwave heat sources. One of the most common uses of microwaves is to heat food quickly. Microwave ovens are possible because microwaves can be used to transmit thermal energy. The discovery of this phenomenon was purely accidental.icrowaves have frequencies ranging from about 3 billion cycles per second, or 3 gigahertz (GHz), up to about 30 trillion hertz (terahertz or THz) and wavelengths of about 30 centimeters (12 inches) to 3 millimeters (0.12 inches), although these values are not definitive.