APA style. APA Style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
A pain doctor, also called a pain specialist or pain management specialist, is a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who specializes in pain medicine.
When would I see a pain management specialist and what conditions does a pain specialist treat? You would see a pain management specialist to help manage chronic postoperative pain, as well as pain from disease (e.g., cancer), injury (e.g., compression fracture), or painful conditions (migraines, fibromyalgia, etc.).