APA style. APA Style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
A pain doctor, also called a pain specialist or pain management specialist, is a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who specializes in pain medicine.
Protocols for a lifetime of pain management for patients suffering constant, incurable, excrutiating, unrelenting pain. By Forest Tennant, MD, DrPH, John Liu, MD and Laura Hermann, RN, FNP. Page 1 of 3. The current thrust to humanely identify and treat pain is uncovering a group of patients with severe, chronic intractable pain (IP).