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Hyperlactatemia is defined as a persistent, mild to moderate (2-4 mmol/L) increase in blood lactate concentration without metabolic acidosis, whereas lactic acidosis is characterized by persistently increased blood lactate levels (usually >5 mmol/L) in association with metabolic acidosis.
When the oxygen level is low, carbohydrate breaks down for energy and makes lactic acid. Lactic acid levels get higher when strenuous exercise or other conditions-such as heart failure, a severe infection (sepsis), or shock-lower the flow of blood and oxygen throughout the body. This makes the veins below the band larger so it is easier to put a needle into the vein. 2  An elastic band may not be used for a lactic acid test because a band around the arm muscle may cause a false increase in lactic acid. 3  Clean the needle site with alcohol. 4  Put the needle into the vein.