APA style. APA Style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
A pain doctor, also called a pain specialist or pain management specialist, is a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who specializes in pain medicine.
Getting relief for your back and/or chronic pain means connecting with the right medical professionals and being honest and open about your pain. To find the right type of doctor for you, look for someone who can offer the full range of treatment options for your chronic or back pain. If your doctor is unable or unwilling to offer you further treatment options, ask for a referral to a surgeon or pain management specialistâor, find a specialist in your area now. As you explore treatment options for your back or chronic pain, your medical team could include some or all of the following healthcare professionals.