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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
Oral sodium bicarbonate is indicated in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It is preferred over parenteral therapy in acute mild to moderate acidosis. Oral sodium bicarbonate is also indicated to correct acidosis in renal tubular disorders. Parenteral sodium bicarbonate is indicated to minimize risks of metabolic acidosis in severe renal disease, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, extracorporeal circulation of blood, cardiac arrest, and severe primary lactic acidosis.