Very quick rehash (review): 1  genotype = the genes of an organism; for one specific trait we use two letters to represent the genotype. 2  A capital letter represents the dominant form of a gene (allele), and a lowercase letter is the abbreviation for the recessive form of the gene (allele).tep #4: Split the letters of the genotype for each parent & put them outside the p-square. 1  For an example cross we'll use these parental genotypes: Tt x tt. 2  Take the genotype letters of one parent, split them and put them on the left, outside the rows of the p-square.
II. Most enzymes are proteins. A. Protein enzymes have specific three-dimensional shapes, which are determined by the amino acid sequence and, ultimately, by the genes. B. The reactants in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, called the substrates of the enzyme, fit into a specific pocket in the enzyme called the active site.he activation energy is the amount of energy needed by the reactant molecules to participate in a reaction. 2. In the absence of a catalyst, only a small proportion of the reactants possess the activation energy to participate in the reaction. 3.
Each enzyme is very specific for a particular chemical reaction. All enzymes are proteins that have a particular area (active site) that attaches to the chemical(s) destined to undergo the chemical change. These chemicals are called substrates, and their shapes are complementary to the active site of the enzyme.ypically, enzymes are named for the specific reaction they catalyze. Often the beginning of the enzymeâs name is the same as the substrate, and the ending âaseâ indicates that it is an enzyme. Therefore a lipase will break down lipids (fats), a protease attacks protein, and lactase hydrolyzes the milk sugar lactose.