APA style. APA Style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
A pain doctor, also called a pain specialist or pain management specialist, is a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who specializes in pain medicine.
Treatment options may include medication, therapy and counseling. Pain management specialists may also be trained in nontraditional forms of pain management, such as acupuncture -- a form of Chinese medicine that involves inserting needles into certain body points to relieve pain and promote healing.