If the exchange of one phone in a word for another gives a new word with a different meaning, then the two phones belong to different phonemes. The difference in meaning between the English words kill and kiss is a result of the exchange of the phoneme /l/ for the phoneme /s/ . Two words that differ in meaning through a contrast of a single phoneme form a minimal pair. Within linguistics there are differing views as to exactly what phonemes are and how a given language should be analyzed in phonemic (or phonematic) terms.
Also known as epigenetic clock, DNA clock, Horvath's clock or DNA methylation age, this biological aging clock is an age predictor that can be used to measure the age of most human tissues, cell types, or organs.orvath hypothesized that DNA methylation age measures the cumulative effect of an epigenetic maintenance system but details are unknown. The fact that DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life suggests that it relates to a process that causes aging.
1 Developed by the 14CHRONO group (Queen's University Belfast, UK). 2  Radiocarbon ages of samples formed in the ocean, such as shells, fish, marine mammals etc., are generally several hundred years older than their terrestrial counterparts. 3  This apparent age difference is due to the large carbon reservoir of the oceans. The marine reservoir correction database presented here is intended for use with radiocarbon calibration programs such as CALIB (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) or OxCal (Bronk Ramsey 1995) using the 2004 marine calibration dataset.