Germany became a modern, unified nation under the leadership of the âIron Chancellorâ Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), who between 1862 and 1890 effectively ruled first Prussia and then all of Germany.
Laser effects on the skin. Thermal (burn) injury is the most common cause of laser induced skin damage. Thermal damage is generally associated with lasers operating at exposure times greater than 10 microseconds and in the wavelength region from the near ultraviolet to the far infrared.
The major danger of laser radiation is hazards from beams entering the eye. The eye is the organ most sensitive to light. A laser beam (400-1400 nm) with low divergence entering the eye can be focused down to an area 10 to 20 microns in diameter.