An independent practice association (or IPA) is a US term for an association of independent physicians, or other organization that contracts with independent physicians, and provides services to managed care organizations on a negotiated per capita rate, flat retainer fee, or negotiated fee-for-service basis.
'Forbes' Billionaire List: JK Rowling Drops From Billionaire To Millionaire Due To Charitable Giving. Even Harry Potter's wizardry couldnât have prevented this blow. JK Rowling, the first female novelist billionaire, recently lost her exclusive status because of some very good deeds. Forbes, which has produced an annual list of billionaires for the past 25 years, said that the Harry Potter author dropped from billionaire to millionaire due to Britain's high taxes and her charitable giving.
American billionaires form one of the most influential business lobbies in the world and have a major say in economic policies in several free market countries. They are considered as role models by their legions of admirers around the world and are hailed for their rags to riches success stories.