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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
Microwave energy is absorbed by many materials. Food contains moisture and the energy causes the moisture molecules to agitate at over two thousand million times per second. This creates heat and the food is cooked, thawed or reheated.