Now, following the above steps: 1  The parent hydrocarbon chain has 23 carbons. It is called tricosa-. 2  The functional groups with the highest precedence are the two ketone groups. The groups are on carbon atoms 3 and 9. 3  The side chains are: an ethyl- at carbon 4, an ethyl- at carbon 8, and a butyl- at carbon 12.
1 doctor agreed: 1  AORTIC REGURGITATION: Aortic regurgitation is reflux of blood through an incompetent aortic valve into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole (relaxation). During ventricular systole (contraction), blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta. Because of a leaky aortic valve, the pumped blood returns to the left ventricle.
Definition. Aortic stenosis typically refers to obstruction of flow at the level of the aortic valve and does not include the subvalvular and supravalvular forms of this disease. Aortic valve stenosis is usually defined by restricted systolic opening of the valve leaflets, with a mean transvalvular pressure gradient of at least 10 mm Hg. The cause of the stenosis can be further defined based on the anatomy and disease process affecting the valve.