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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
An injectable form of sodium bicarbonate is also given by healthcare practitioners to help improve the acid-base balance of the body when it becomes too acidic, which happens in severe cases of diabetes, shock, kidney failure, dehydration, and a condition known as lactic acidosis.