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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism âa fundamental principle of geologyâwhich explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a proper science, and thus he is often referred to as the Father of Modern Geology.
His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for heliocentrism. Galileo has been called the father of modern observational astronomy , the father of modern physics , and the father of modern science.alileo was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy, in 1564, the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a famous lutenist, composer, and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati.