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The main reason for elevations of glucose in the urine is, not surprisingly, diabetes mellitus. This disease causes such overwhelming hyperglycemia that the kidney's capacity to reabsorb the filtered glucose (a maximum of about 180 mg/dL) is breached, leading to glucose excretion in the urine.
Your urine may be tested for red blood cells (to see if you have urinary tract disease), white blood cells (to see if you have a urinary tract infection), and glucose (high levels may be a sign of diabetes mellitus). The amount of protein also is measured.