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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism âa fundamental principle of geologyâwhich explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a proper science, and thus he is often referred to as the Father of Modern Geology.
In 1770's, James Hutton, Father of Geology (Scotland, 1726-1797) published `Theory of the Earth' in 1785. Demonstrated that Hadrian's Wall was built by Romans and that after 1500 years there was no change. Thus, he suspected that Earth was much older than 6000 years. This is the theory of uniformitarianism, that slow processes shape earth. Mountains arise continuously as a balance against erosion and weathering. Present is key to the past.