These advances in cancer immunotherapy are the result of long-term investments in basic research on the immune systemâresearch that continues today. 1  Additional research is currently under way to: 2  understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not in others who have the same cancer. expand the use of immunotherapy to more types of cancer. increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy by combining it with other types of cancer treatment, such as targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Spying in the Civil War. Introduction. Though neither the Union nor the Confederacy had a formal military intelligence network during the Civil War, each side obtained crucial information from spying or espionage operations. From early in the war, the Confederacy set up a spy network in the federal capital of Washington, D.C., home to many southern sympathizers.
1 The Civil War began on April 12, 1861 with the attack on Fort Sumter in the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina. 2  The killing of Col. Elmer Ellsworth, a friend of President Lincoln, in late May 1861 galvanized public opinion.3  He was considered a martyr to the Union cause.hen the Civil War began most Americans expected it to be a crisis that would come to a fast end. But when the Union and Confederate Armies began shooting in the summer of 1861, that perception quickly changed. The fighting escalated and the war became a very costly struggle lasting four years.