Understanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.Along with heating and lighting systems, the choice of substrate in tortoise vivaria and terraria often causes a great deal of confusion to keepers.Some substrates are excellent, others positively lethal.nderstanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.
In their general structure, heterocyclic compounds resemble cyclic organic compounds that incorporate only carbon atoms in the ringsâfor example, cyclopropane (with a three-carbon-atom ring) or benzene (with a six-carbon-atom ring)âbut the presence of the heteroatoms gives heterocyclic compounds physical and chemical properties that are often quite ...
All organic compounds be generally classified as hydrocarbons (molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon) or substituted hydrocarbons (molecules having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by another atom or group of atoms).. Carbon can form double and triple bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements. 4. Carbon can bond with itself either as straight chains or cyclic compounds with branching possible in either case. Two different organic compounds can also have the same number of carbon atoms. These are called isomers.