Explanation: An unqualified column name is. ambiguous if more than one table or view identified in. the FROM clause has a column with that name, or if. more than one column of a nested table expression has. that name.
The exact cause of clubfoot is unknown, but doctors agree that a family history of clubfoot increases the likelihood that a child will be born with the condition. In addition, mothers who smoke and drink during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to a child with a clubfoot or clubfeet.
The exact pathophysiological mechanism for each cause of clubbing is unknown but an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor appears to be an important common pathway. Vascular endothelial growth factor causes vascular hyperplasia, edema, and fibroblast or osteoblast proliferation in the distal nails.