Darwinism designates a distinctive form of evolutionary explanation for the history and diversity of life on earth. Its original formulation is provided in the first edition of On the Origin of Species in 1859.
The enthalpy - or internal energy - of a substance is a function of its temperature and pressure. The change in internal energy with respect to change in temperature at fixed pressure is the Specific Heat at constant pressure - cp.
Enthalpies of Reaction. Heat and Enthalpy Changes. When a chemical reaction occurs in an open container most of the energy gained or lost is in the form of heat. Almost no work is done (i.e. nothing is being moved). Heat flows between the system and surroundings until the two are at the same temperature.