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The main reason for elevations of glucose in the urine is, not surprisingly, diabetes mellitus. This disease causes such overwhelming hyperglycemia that the kidney's capacity to reabsorb the filtered glucose (a maximum of about 180 mg/dL) is breached, leading to glucose excretion in the urine.
Since simple sugars (e.g., glucose) give a positive test, the solution is used to test for the presence of glucose in urine, a symptom of diabetes. One liter of Benedict's solution contains 173 grams sodium citrate, 100 grams sodium carbonate, and 17.3 grams cupric sulphate pentahydrate.