Understanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.Along with heating and lighting systems, the choice of substrate in tortoise vivaria and terraria often causes a great deal of confusion to keepers.Some substrates are excellent, others positively lethal.nderstanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.
In their general structure, heterocyclic compounds resemble cyclic organic compounds that incorporate only carbon atoms in the ringsâfor example, cyclopropane (with a three-carbon-atom ring) or benzene (with a six-carbon-atom ring)âbut the presence of the heteroatoms gives heterocyclic compounds physical and chemical properties that are often quite ...
The two N atoms are part of amine groups. The #C=C# and #C=N# bonds look like functional groups, but they are neither alkene nor imine groups. They are both part of the 5-membered system called an imidazole ring. An imidazole ring is aromatic, like benzene. Now let's look at the 6-membered ring.