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The main reason for elevations of glucose in the urine is, not surprisingly, diabetes mellitus. This disease causes such overwhelming hyperglycemia that the kidney's capacity to reabsorb the filtered glucose (a maximum of about 180 mg/dL) is breached, leading to glucose excretion in the urine.
Urine tests for diabetes facts. 1  Urine tests may be done in people with diabetes to evaluate severe hyperglycemia (severe high blood sugar) by looking for ketones in the urine. 2  Ketones are a metabolic product produced when fat is metabolized. 3  Ketones increase when there is insufficient insulin to use glucose for energy.