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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
1 transcription of the information encoded in DNA into a molecule of RNA (described here) and. 2  translation of the information encoded in the nucleotides of mRNA into a defined sequence of amino acids in a protein (discussed in. 3  Gene Translation: RNA â Protein).uch stretches of DNA, which get transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein, are called introns. Those stretches of DNA that do code for amino acids in the protein are called exons. Examples: 1  The gene for one type of collagen found in chickens is split into 52 separate exons.