Certification vs. Licensing. Some biologists are certified. Your friends may use the terms interchangeably, but a certification is not the same thing as a license. Many professional occupations in the U.S. require a license from a state regulatory board.
The genogram is a pictorial graph of the structure and characteristics of a family across three or more. generations. The genogram will not replace traditional Pedigree Charts and Family Group Records for use. in genealogical research, but it can provide a way to look beneath the surface of names, dates, and places so.
The central dogma (a term I don't really care for) is the process of DNA being transcribed to RNA which is then translated to proteins. So, to answer the question: the genotype is the genetic code that makes up an organisms genome, so it is the beginning of the central dogma. A phenotype is the resulting trait of a gene or set of genes (ie blue eyes or dry skin). So a phenotype is the result of the central dogma, after a protein has been made and put into use.