The underside of the monarch butterflies' wings can be seen when the butterfly is at rest or when it is feeding on a flower. Instead of bright orange, the underside is more drab and orange-brown. Males and females can be told apart by looking at the top of their hind wings.
Of the Europeans who scrambled for control of Africa at the end of the 19th century, Belgium's King Leopold II left arguably the largest and most horrid legacy of all. While the Great Powers competed for territory elsewhere, the king of one of Europe's smallest countries carved his own private colony out of 100km2 of Central African rainforest.
Discuss the factors and motivations that caused Belgium to participate in the great Scramble for Africa. King Leopold II hired Henry Stanley to explore the Congo River, and to arrange trade. Congo Free State claimed by King Leopold II later became Belgian Congo in 1908. The Belgian government took control of the colony from Leopold II as a result of his brutality and mismanagement. Discuss the factors and motivations that caused The Netherlands to participate in the great Scramble for Africa.