The muscles of the foot, along with a tough, sinewy tissue known as the plantar fascia, provide secondary support to the foot. The foot has internal muscles that originate and insert in the foot and external muscles that begin in the lower leg and attach in various places on the bones of the foot.
A haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations.NPs are locations on the DNA where one nucleotide has mutated or switched to a different nucleotide. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from the haplotype.
The alternative way of naming haplogroups is to refer to the SNP mutations used to define and identify them, for example R-M343 which is equivalent to R1b.. Haplogroup R1b is in other words now identified by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M343, which was discovered in 2004.1b is a sub-clade within the much larger Eurasian MNOPS macro-haplogroup , which is one of the predominant groupings of all the rest of human male lines outside of Africa, and this whole group, along with all of macro-haplogroup F, is believed to have originated in Asia.