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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
2. Transcription: Transcribing the genetic code of DNA into RNA molecules. 3. Translation: RNA following DNAâs instructions for building proteins from amino acids. Replication Before a cell divides, it must make a copy of its DNA so that both parent and daughter cell have a complete copy of genetic information.