Bode plots of PI controller (left) shows the closed-loop gain of three systems. Low phase margin in the open loop (right) correlates to closed-loop peaking (left). The oscilloscope graphs of the Bode plots illustrate how peaking in the closed-loop gain correlates to excessive overshoot.
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Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood 's Big Six film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced LEM-lee), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour.