Nextdoor is the private social network for your neighborhood. On Nextdoor, neighbors create private groups for their neighborhoods where they can ask questions, get to know one another, and exchange local advice and recommendations.
Up-regulation is a process that occurs within a cell triggered by a signal (originating internal or external to the cell), which results in increased expression of one or more genes and as a result the protein(s) encoded by those genes.
As shown schematically in Fig. 3, these appear to damage cells by three mechanisms. The first mechanism, shown at the top of the endothelial cell, is the modification of intracellular proteins including, most importantly, proteins involved in the regulation of gene transcription (and M.B., unpublished observations).