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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism âa fundamental principle of geologyâwhich explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a proper science, and thus he is often referred to as the Father of Modern Geology.
Quick Answer. William Gilbert, an English doctor, discovered the science of magnetism and coined the word electricity.. His findings regarding the Earth's magnetic properties explained for the first time how a compass, invented hundreds of years earlier, actually worked. Gilbert is known as the father of both electricity and magnetism. In 1600, he published De Magnete, Magneticisique Corporibus in which he explained his theories of magnetism and the Earth. In so doing, he cast serious doubt on the previously accepted theory that the Earth was in a fixed position at the center of the universe.