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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism âa fundamental principle of geologyâwhich explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a proper science, and thus he is often referred to as the Father of Modern Geology.
Eratosthenes is named the father of geography. That is because he used the word geography and treated it like a proper subject. This was the first use of the word, which literally means writing about the earth in Greek. Geography also introduced the climatic concepts of torrid, temperate, and frigid zones. There is also Hecateaus who is considered to have studied Geography as a subject. But Geography is a subject which has been studied by many and overtime developed to what it is today.