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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
1 The process by which the DNA instructions are converted into the functional product is called gene expression. 2  Gene expression has two key stages-transcription and translation. 3  In transcription, the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages. The central dogma suggests that DNA contains the information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes. 2  The ribosomes serve as factories in the cell where the information is âtranslatedâ from a code into the functional product.