Organic Chemistry/Carboxylic acids. < Organic Chemistry. A carboxylic acid is characterized by the presence of the carboxyl group -COOH. The chemical reactivity of carboxylic acids is dominated by the very positive carbon, and the resonance stabilization that is possible should the group lose a proton.
The presence of renal tubule cells in the urine is of diagnostic significance, as it points towards an underlying kidney disease. The last type of epithelial cells are squamous cells. These cells are the largest cells seen in urine specimens. These cells are flat, usually with an angular or irregular outline.
Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that may form in the bladder after long-term infection or irritation. Adenocarcinoma: Cancer that begins in glandular (secretory) cells that are found in the lining of the bladder. This is a very rare type of bladder cancer.