Dexmethylphenidate has a 4â6 hour duration of effect (a long-acting formulation, Focalin XR, which spans 12 hours is also available and has been shown to be as effective as DL (dextro-, levo-)-TMP (threo-methylphenidate) XR (extended release) (Concerta, Ritalin LA), with flexible dosing and good tolerability.
1 Degenerative disc disease in the neck (cervical spondylosis) can cause local neck pain or radiating pain from disc herniation, causing pinching of nerves (cervical radiculopathy). 2  Abnormal conditions involving the spinal cord, heart, lungs, and some abdominal organs also can cause neck and shoulder pain. This can also cause muscle spasms in the neck and shoulder areas. 2  Tendonitis: The tendons connect the muscles to the bones. 3  With strain, the tendons can become swollen and cause pain. 4  This is also referred to as tendinitis. 5  Gallbladder disease: This can cause a pain referred to the right shoulder.
Neck injuries can occur during motor vehicle accidents, other traumatic events, or sports. Symptoms of these injuries include neck stiffness, shoulder or arm pain, headache, facial pain and dizziness. Pain from a motor vehicle injury may be caused by tears in muscles or injuries to the joints between vertebrae.Other causes of pain are ligament rupture or damage to a disc.erniated discs or bone spurs may cause a narrowing of the spinal canal or the small openings through which spinal nerve roots exit. Pressure on a nerve root by a herniated disc or a bone spur may result in: 1  Pain in the arm and neck. 2  Numbness or weakness in the arm or forearm.