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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
The cell has just transcribed this mRNA strand from its DNA, and it now translates the mRNAâs nucleotide sequence into a chain of amino acids. This chain, called a polypeptide, forms the basic structure of a protein. A cellular component called a ribosome coordinates the translation process.