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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
The sequence of bases on the RNA forms a code for the amino acid building blocks of the protein. The word translation seems particularly appropriate for this process since the information contained in the DNA is translated from the four-character alphabet of the bases to the twenty-character alphabet of the amino acids. The construction of the proteins is carried out on the ribosomes of the host cell.