These advances in cancer immunotherapy are the result of long-term investments in basic research on the immune systemâresearch that continues today. 1  Additional research is currently under way to: 2  understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not in others who have the same cancer. expand the use of immunotherapy to more types of cancer. increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy by combining it with other types of cancer treatment, such as targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Spying in the Civil War. Introduction. Though neither the Union nor the Confederacy had a formal military intelligence network during the Civil War, each side obtained crucial information from spying or espionage operations. From early in the war, the Confederacy set up a spy network in the federal capital of Washington, D.C., home to many southern sympathizers.
April 12, 1861- Southern forces fire upon Fort Sumter, South Carolina. The Civil War has formally begun. April 15, 1861- President Lincoln issues a public declaration that an insurrection exists and calls for 75,000 militia to stop the rebellion.