This is why the intact ATP synthase is also called the FoF1-ATPase. When the F1-ATPase is isolated in vitro, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi (which is why it is called the F1-ATPase). While it is doing so, the central portion of Fo attached to the stalk rotates rapidly in a counter-clockwise direction (as viewed from above).
maser. (mÄ`zÉr) , device for creation, amplification, and transmission of an intense, highly focused beam of high-frequency radio waves. The name maser is an acronym for m icrowave a mplification by s timulated e mission of r adiation, microwaves being radio waves of short wavelength, or high frequency. The maser is an oscillator oscillator, electronic, electronic circuit that produces an output signal of a specific frequency.
Lasers evolved from masers, which are similar but produce microwaves and radio waves instead of visible light. Masers were invented in the 1950s by Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow, both of whom went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work (Townes in 1964 and Schawlow in 1981).