Eventually, this accident of culture turned into a desirable quality; a cheeseâs negative space acquired value. âThe holes became something that people expected,â Mike Tunick, a research chemist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the author of âThe Science of Cheese,â told me.
Ibid. (Latin, short for ibidem, meaning in the same place) is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. This is similar in meaning to idem (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated Id.o find the ibid. source, one must look at the reference preceding it. Ibid. may also be used in the Harvard (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material.
(ibid. p.49) as a citation in the text or a footnote means that this reference is to the same source as the one immediately before it. (Smith op.cit. p. 49) means that you've referred to the Smith book before, but there are references to other things between the first reference to Smith and this one.f you're using numerical references, then your first footnote or endnote has all the information in it. After that, it makes sense to use a shortened form of the footnote. So John Smith, , (London: Routledge, 1998) p. 23 can become Smith, Analysis p. 49 in the second note, or even Smith (1998) p. 49.