Skin discoloration can be due to changes in melanin. Melanin is a skin pigment that gives color to the skin. Changes in melanin can also cause skin to be patchy. Treatment for skin discoloration includes using topical treatments.
Winglets increase an aircraft's operating efficiency by reducing what is called induced drag at the tips of the wings. An aircraft's wing is shaped to generate negative pressure on the upper surface and positive pressure on the lower surface as the aircraft moves forward.
There is no predetermined shape for a wing airfoil, it is designed based on the function of the aircraft it will be used for. To aid the design process, engineers use the lift coefficient to measure the amount of lift obtained from a particular airfoil shape. Lift is proportional to dynamic pressure and wing area.