In most cases, the reinforcing bars in the concrete bridge deck should conform to the requirements of ASTM A615 or ASTM A706, both with a yield strength of 60 ksi, and modulus of elasticity equal to 29,000 ksi.
Qing Dynasty Government. Chinaâs Qing Dynasty, also referred to as the Manchu Dynasty, lasted from 1644 to 1912 and its government was complex. Inspired by the Ming Dynasty, which had immediately preceded it, the Qing emperors embraced a labyrinthine bureaucracy.hinaâs Qing Dynasty, also referred to as the Manchu Dynasty, lasted from 1644 to 1912 and its government was complex. Inspired by the Ming Dynasty, which had immediately preceded it, the Qing emperors embraced a labyrinthine bureaucracy.
Xiao 1962â1963, though dated, probably provides the most thorough treatment of the period, in nearly 3,000 pages. Among these works, only HsÃ¼ 2000 provides a convenient, though brief, evaluation of the Qing period. Both the Qing dynasty and the 1840â1912 periods are often viewed as the beginning of modern China. Either way, the implication is that modern China is a continuing process, giving rise to numerous studies of 20th-century China that devote substantial treatment of the pre-1912 era.