Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
Kidney Stone Surgeries. Most surgeries to remove kidney stones are non-invasive. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy can break up small kidney stones that are less than Â½ inch so that you can then pass the stones in your urine. Ureteroscopy is a procedure to remove kidney stones in the middle or lower urinary tract. In noninvasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy, doctors use an endoscope to remove large stones in or near the kidney. Standard invasive surgery may be required if the other methods do not work. The surgeries require different aftercare and diet.