Given four hypothetical taxa, construct a tree in which Taxon G is more closely related to Taxon L than to Taxon A, but all three of these taxa are more closely related to each other than Taxon F. The most obvious way to determine the evolutionary relationship of organisms (i.e. their phylogenetic tree) is compare morphological similarities
At this time, the concept of index of refraction should be discussed on relative terms. When a substance bends light more than another, it is said to have a higher index of refraction. Oil has a higher index of refraction than water or air.Assessment: Students' responses to key concepts and their responses to additional examples.t this time, the concept of index of refraction should be discussed on relative terms. When a substance bends light more than another, it is said to have a higher index of refraction. Oil has a higher index of refraction than water or air.
Refractive Index Every medium through which waves can move has a refractive index that indicates how fast they will travel. In the case of light, this is found by dividing its speed in a vacuum by its speed in that particular medium. It is a ratio between the speeds of the mediums, so it is not measured in any unit. The refractive index generally increases with the density of the medium: it is one for a vacuum and is greater than one for all known natural materials. Air typically has a refractive index of about 1.00029, but this varies with temperature and pressure. For water, the value is about 1.33, and for glass, about 1.50 â 1.75, depending on the type. Diamond has a very high refractive index of 2.417, which produces the well-known sparkling effect. Everyday Examples. The most common example used when discussing refraction is a straw in water. When a straw is placed in a glass of water and viewed from the side, it appears to be broken or bent. This is due to the difference in the refractive indices of air and water.