One of the most significant long-term effects of cocaine use is damage to the nose. A septal perforation, or a âhole in the septumâ is a condition that is commonly caused from snorting or âsniffingâ cocaine through the nose. The nose has a fragile blood supply, which is shut off by cocaine use. This process is called vasoconstriction (closing off of blood vessels).
Scleroglucan and PSAT are two Beta-1,3/1,6-polysaccharides. Beta glucans are derived primarily from yeast cell wall, various fungi, grains, and mushrooms. Beta 1,4 glucan is derived from oats and barley while not included in this research summary of forms of Beta 1,3/1,6 glucan.
A small proportion (1-2 per cent) of the pancreas is made up of other types of cells called islets of Langerhans. These cells sit in tiny groups, like small islands, scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas. The islets of Langerhans contain alpha cells which secrete glucagon and beta cells which secrete insulin. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that work to regulate the level of sugar (glucose) in the body to keep it within a healthy range.