Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
Kidney stones are formed when a substance that would normally dissolve in the urine precipitates out to form a crystal, which then grows into a stone. Kidney stones can be so small that they easily pass out of the body during urination without being noticed. However, they can also grow so large that they can become lodged in the kidney or ureter. When stones get stuck, they block the normal flow of urine causing pain, infection, and sometimes kidney damage.