This technique was an advance in vaccine manufacture because a purified single protein is less likely to have major side effects -- but this method did not allay fears that an improperly made batch of vaccine might be infectious. Now HBV vaccines are made with recombinant DNA technology.
Hunter and colleagues (1999) demonstrated that the cost per visit for the Nurse-Managed Clinic for the Homeless was $62.71 compared to Erie County Medical Center Emergency Room cost per visit of $213.27.elvie (1999) compared cost per patient visit of $65 at the nurse-managed center versus cost per patient visit at the local emergency room of $215 to $323.
For example, Ventura County Medical Center in California offers ER visits, including the doctor fee and emergency room fee but not including lab tests, X-rays or procedures, for $150 for patients up to 200% of the federal poverty level, for $225 for patients between 200% and 500% of the federal poverty level and $350 for patients from 500% to 700% of the federal poverty level.