A. the activation energy barrier cannot be surmounted in most of the starch molecules. B. the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic. C. the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution. D. starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous. E. starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water.
COPD can be diagnosed in adults as early as their 20's and 30's, but COPD diagnosis in people in their 40's is on the rise, says Dr. Neil Schachter, medical director of respiratory care at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. More than 12 million people in the United States have COPD. 2  Another 12 million have COPD but go undiagnosed. 3  COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. and the only one in the top ten on the rise. 4  It is estimated that 80-90% of COPD cases are due to smoking.
Stage 4 is marked by extremely difficult breathing and frequent hospitalizations, and is known as end-stage COPD because a flare-up of symptoms could be fatal. Because most patients arenât diagnosed until stage 2 or 3, the prognosis for emphysema is often poor, and the average life expectancy is about five years.