Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
When large stones become lodged in the ureter and cause recurrent pain or are too large to pass, surgery is indicated to remove them. Often a ureteral stent is placed to relieve the acute pain from a stone and surgery is done at a later date.nce the stone reaches the bladder, it is passed in the urine very easily as the urethra (the tube running from the bladder out) is very large compared to the ureter. If stones are large, then they will often get stuck within the ureter.