Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
Kidney stones, on the other hand, do not typically cause noticeable signs of disease until they become very large. So most of those cats go undiagnosed until there is a problem,â says Dr. Goldstein. Both kidney stones and bladder stones, he notes, can be readily diagnosed by means of x-rays and ultrasound. Regarding the treatment of kidney stones, he says: âIn most cases, we donât believe that we should go in, open the kidneys, and remove the stones unless theyâre causing significant obstruction or infection.