The loan agreement lists the terms under which a loan is given. The bank is the lender, and any borrowing entity--individual, partnership, company--is the borrower. The loan agreement covers many of the same terms and conditions as a promissory note, although it is longer and more complicated.
The subsidiaries remain private. They are private subsidiaries of a public company. Think about it: if a subsidiary went public, that would mean that its shares were being offered to the public, instead of all being owned by the parent company, and so it would no longer be a subsidiary.
The question of the differences between a parent and a holding company is a legal one. While the literal definitions lend little to the fact that legal differences exist, the legal connotation is generally quite different between a parent company and a holding company.enerally, a holding company is inactive except for the purpose of holding other companies. A parent company, however, typically has its own business ventures and purchases its subsidiaries for investment purposes or to aid in its own operations.