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Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, primarily the mitochondria in cells of the liver.mmunofluorescence staining pattern of AMA shown on stomach (top left), liver (top right), kidney (bottom left) and hep-20-10 cells (bottom right). Primary biliary cirrhosis is seen primarily in middle-aged women, and in those afflicted with other autoimmune diseases.
Transduction of MEFs and BMDMs with replication-incompetent retroviruses encoding only the mitochondria-targeted HSV-1 UL12 M185 gene product was sufficient to cause mitochondrial hyperfusion, nucleoid enlargement and mtDNA loss, indicative of mtDNA stress (Fig. 4d and Extended Data Fig.e next examined the involvement of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS in mtDNA stress signalling, as it mediates ISG expression in response to exogenous and endogenous immunostimulatory DNA species. Knockdown of cGAS in Tfam+/â MEFs or TFAM depletion in cGasâ/â MEFs largely abrogated ISG expression (Fig. 2a).