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Renal tubular acidosis, a kidney condition that makes the urine more acidic. Kidney stones form more easily in acidic urine. ... Uric acid, calcium oxalate, and cystine stones form more readily in acidic urine, so this prevention strategy hinges on keeping the urine slightly alkaline.
Carbon dioxide is acidic, so increasing breathing rate and so removing more of it increases pH, and vice versa. Kidneys can increase/decrease the exretion of protons and reabsorption of (alkaline) bicarbonate ions in the urine to the same effect, albeit more slowly.