Discounting principle. - Discounting principle: Discounting principle refers to a rule of Attribution which states that the perceived role of a cause will be discounted or reduced if other plausible causes are also present.
The Poisson Effect When a tensile stress is applied to a material, the material elongates in the direction of the applied stress, and contracts perpendicular to the direction of the applied stress. This relationship, called the Poisson effect, is a natural response to applied stress that occurs with all materials, but is particularly apparent with ductile materials. For example, when a metal bar is pulled in a tensile test, it stretches out and necks down on. the sides.
Poisson random variable, and its probability distribution is called the Poisson The probab'lity distribution of the Poisson random variable X, representing the number of outcomes occurring in a given time interval or specified region denoted by t, is p(x; At.) where is the average number of outcomes per unit time, distance, area, or vo ume and e = 2.71828. distribution. The mean number of outcomes is computed from = At, where