Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: In this procedure, stones in the bile duct are removed by laparoscopic techniques. In patients with gallstones small stones can pass from the gallbladder into the bile duct. Stones in the bile duct can cause obstruction leading to the development of jaundice and pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). The treatment is removal of the gallbladder.