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What happens when state law conflicts with federal law? The answer relies on the doctrine known as federal preemption. The Supremacy Clause is a clause within Article VI of the U.S. Constitution which dictates that federal law is the supreme law of the land.
This Supremacy Clause has come to mean that the national government, in exercising any of the powers enumerated in the Constitution, must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power. The federal preemption doctrine is a judicial response to the conflict between federal and state legislation. When it is clearly established that a federal law preempts a state law, the state law must be declared invalid.