Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
Medical Therapy. Staghorn calculi resulting from urease-producing bacteria are best managed with complete surgical removal of the stones. Medical therapy alone cannot rid the patient of struvite calculi and is typically adjunctive in nature.lthough multiple surgical approaches to staghorn calculi are available, several principles must be kept in mind. First, complete removal of all stone material is the goal of any procedure. Simple debulking does not prevent future infections, stone formation, or impairment of renal function.