Vane Air Flow Meters. A vane air flow meter (also known as a âflap styleâ meter and a VAF sensor) is an early type of air flow meter that measures air intake volume. This type of meter uses a spring-loaded flap that is attached to a variable resistor. As air enters, it pushes against the flap or plate opening it.
Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.ladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy, opening of the bladder. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into the bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary.
2mm and 4mm uric acid stones removed with ureteroscopy. Multiple large smooth kidney stones removed percutaneously from a single kidney. Largest stone measures 1.2 cm in size. Analysis demonstrated 70% calcium oxalate monohydrate and 30% calcium phosphate. Multiple small kidney stones with the appearance of bird seed. Removed with ureteroscopy from a single kidney. Largest stone measured 4mm in size. Analysis demonstrated 85% calcium oxalate monohydrate and 15% calcium phosphate. File photo of large bladder stones removed by open incision. These have a âjackstoneâ appearance. File photo of a large âstaghornâ kidney stone removed intact by open surgery.