are called parallel citations. In the example, the parallel citations are volume 57 of the U.S. Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers Edition, Second Series at page 750; and volume 98 of Supreme Court Reporter at page 2733. A set of reporter volumes numbered consecutively is called a series. The abbreviation 2d or 3d stands for Second Series or Third Series. The year 1978 in the parentheses tells you the year the court decided the case. In the last thirty years, we now have electronic storage and retrieval of court cases; therefore, in our example above, 1978 U.S. LEXIS 5 refers us to the specific electronic citation for the Bakke decision within LEXIS. In
Muscles of Passavantâs Ridge Palatopharyngeus Muscle. The palatopharyngeal sphincter consists of skeletal muscle fibers of the most superior aspect of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The fibers form an incomplete circle along the lateral and posterior walls of the nasopharyngeal isthmus at the level of the C1 vertebra.
Gross Anatomy. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It contains motor and sensory fibers and, because it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen, has the widest distribution in the body. It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers.(See Table 1, below.).he recurrent laryngeal nerve is also known as the inferior laryngeal nerve. The right nerve branches from the vagus at the root of the neck around the right subclavian artery. It courses superiorly in the tracheoesophageal groove to enter the larynx between the cricopharyngeus and the esophagus.