The X chromosome contains many more genes than the Y chromosome, many of which have functions besides determining sex and have no counterpart on the Y chromosome. In males, because there is no second X chromosome, these extra genes on the X chromosome are not paired and virtually all of them are expressed.
The GS-5 pay grade generally marks an entry-level position. Starting salary for a GS-5 employee is $27,982.00 per year at Step 1, with a maximum possible base pay of $36,379.00 per year at Step 10.
Although grade levels start at GS-1, scientists with bachelorâs degrees and no experience enter at GS-7, with basic compensation ranging from $33,979 to $44,176 annually. Holders of doctorate degrees with no experience enter at GS-11, with salaries ranging from $50,287 to $65,371.