Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal that are distal to the tuberosity require more aggressive treatment. This includes fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (Figure 5) and fractures of the diaphysis (Figure 6). Complications such as delayed union and nonunion are common.
Extramedullary spinal tumors are far more common than intramedullary tumors. The most common extramedullary spinal tumors are meningiomas and schwannomas and they are both generally benign tumors. Meningiomas arise from arachnoid cells within the tissues of the spinal cord.
Extramedullary tumors. These tumors develop outside the spinal cord, such as in the surrounding dura mater (meningiomas) or in the nerve roots that extend out from the spinal cord (schwannomas and neurofibromas). These tumors are noncancerous in most cases. Intramedullary tumors.