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Tropical carpenter ants (Camponotus leonardi) are turned into zombie ants when infected by the parasitic fungus (Ophiocordyceps unilateralis). Infected ants become erratic and zombie-like, and are manipulated by the fungus into dying at a spot that provides optimal conditions for fungal reproduction. New research looks at altered behavior patterns in zombie ants in Thailand and shows how the fungus manipulates ant behavior.
Anthrax (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MB001)âAnthrax is mainly a disease of herbivorous animals such as sheep, horses, and cattle. In humans, the disease usually ocurrs only in people who work with these animals or their products. The causative agent, the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, can cause three different kinds of disease: cutaneous anthrax, intestinal anthrax, and pulmonary anthrax. All three types can be fatal. Cutaneous anthrax is characterized by skin ulcerations with black necrotic areas and swelling of the lymph glands. Inhalation anthrax causes severe breathing problems and shock and is usually fatal. Intestinal anthrax causes nausea, vomiting and fever, followed by vomiting blood and severe diarrhea. Antimicrobial and insecticide resistanceâWidespread use of antimicrobials has spurred evolutionary adaptations that enable bacteria and other microbes such as viruses, fungi, and parasites to survive these powerful drugs.