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Conclusion Questions 3.3.1 1. The walls of the alveoli in the lungs are incredibly thin. Explain how this structure is related to function in the body. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin so that they can serve their purpose of allowing diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen. This is where gas exchange occurs.
Small blood vessels called capillaries surround the alveoli. Oxygen passes through the thin walls of the alveoli and into the blood in the capillaries. A protein in the red blood cells called hemoglobin helps to transport the oxygen. At the same time, carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli. When air is breathed out, or exhaled, the air contained in the alveoli, which is rich in carbon dioxide, is forced out of the lungs and exits the body through the nose and mouth.