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Conclusion Questions 3.3.1 1. The walls of the alveoli in the lungs are incredibly thin. Explain how this structure is related to function in the body. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin so that they can serve their purpose of allowing diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen. This is where gas exchange occurs.
  The walls of the capillaries are only one cell thick-capillary walls are made up of a single layer of endothelial cells. Capillary walls are very leaky and have pores â¦ approximately 100nm in length from which essential substances such as oxygen and glucose can diffuse out of and into the tissues.   â¢ Surrounding by a lot of capillaries. Thus, this supply a lot of  blood to the alveoli-diffuse carbon dioxide from deoxygenated  blood and diffuse oxygen into the oxygenated blood.     â¢ The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick.