1 Ghrelin is a fast-acting hormone that plays a vital role in meal initiation and contributes to weight gain. 2  Leptin mediates long-term regulation of energy balance and suppresses food intake, thereby inducing weight loss.  Both hormones can be controlled naturally, primarily though exercise and stress management.
Surgical retractors. A retractor is a surgical instrument with which a surgeon can either actively separate the edges of a surgical incision or wound, or can hold back underlying organs and tissues, so that body parts under the incision may be accessed. The two are each available in many shapes, sizes, and styles.
During the procedure, a small incision is made and the tubular retractor is inserted through the skin and soft tissues down to the spinal column. This creates a tunnel to the small area where the problem exists in the spine. The tubular retractor holds the muscles open and is kept in place throughout the procedure.