Economies of Scale and Long Run Average Cost (LRAC) 1  In the long run all costs are variable and the scale of production can change (i.e. no fixed inputs) 2  Economies of scale are the cost advantages from expanding the scale of production in the long run. The effect is to reduce average costs over a range of output. These lower costs represent an improvement in productive efficiency and can give a business a competitive advantage in a market.
Tiger sharks (pictured) are among the 17 species that appear to lack color vision. Sharks may be able to smell blood from miles away, but they probably don't know how red it is: New research suggests sharks are color-blind.
In the episode The Octonauts and the Bowhead Whales, about 5-6 min. into the show, there is a green Vegimal in the Gup-C with Dashi. It has a Green body, but it has the same top as Tominnow. It may have been a flaw in the color on the episode though. When Dashi released the Vegimals into the water to help, the green one did not come out. In the episode The Octonauts and the Great White Shark the green vegimal is seen again cooking with the red vegimal so it might not be a color flaw after all. Also in the episode The Octonauts and the Great White Shark a blue vegimal is seen behind the purple vegimal.