Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is a selective and differential medium. The high concentration of salt (7.5%) selects for members of the genus Staphylococcus, since they can tolerate high saline levels. Organisms from other genera may grow, but they typically grow very weakly.
A chapbook is a pocket-sized booklet. The term chap-book was formalized by bibliophiles of the 19th century, as a variety of ephemera, popular or folk literature. Many different kinds of literature have been made into chapbooks, such as pamphlets, political and religious tracts, nursery rhymes, poetry, folk tales, children's literature and almanacs. When illustrations are included in chapbooks, they are considered popular prints. The term is derived from chapmen, chap coming from the Old English cÃ©ap meaning deal, barter, business, a variety of peddler, who circulated such literature as part of their stock.
BREAKING DOWN 'Clearing House Automated Payments System - CHAPS'. CHAPS was first established in London in 1984. It is currently used by 19 settlement banks (including the Bank of England) and over 400 submember institutions. In 2004, CHAPS averaged 130,000 transactions per day, moving 300 billion pounds sterling.