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To determine whether breast cancer cells contain hormone receptors, doctors test samples of tumor tissue that have been removed by surgery. If the tumor cells contain estrogen receptors, the cancer is called estrogen receptor positive (ER positive), estrogen sensitive, or estrogen responsive.
Estrogen receptors are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen. Two classes of ER exist: nuclear estrogen receptors, which are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors, which are mostly G protein-coupled receptors. This article refers to the former. Once activated by estrogen, the ER is able to translocate into the nucleus and bind to DNA to regulate the activity of different g