German climatologist and geophysicist who, in 1915, published as expanded version of his 1912 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans. This work was one of the first to suggest continental drift and plate tectonics. He suggested that a supercontinent he called Pangaea had existed in the past, broke up starting 200 million years ago, and that the pieces drifted to their present positions.
Geothermal heating system price varies depending on the type of loop system, usually either vertical or horizontal. On average, a typical home of 2500 square feet, with a heating load of 60,000 BTU and a cooling load of 60,000 BTU will cost between $20,000 to $25,000 to install.
1 For less moderate climates, installing a dual-fuel air source heat pump that works with a natural gas or propane furnace under a single control system can cost $2,500-$5,500 to install just the heat pump, or $5,000-$25,000 or more for a complete system that includes both the electric heat pump and a fossil-fuel furnace. Complete installation of a geothermal heat pump (ground-source or water-source) can cost $10,000-$25,000 or more, depending on the length and depth of the underground pipes, soil conditions and other excavation and installation factors.