The IPsec protocol suite has a foundation of powerful encryption technologies. The suite adds security services to the IP layer in a way that is compatible with both the existing IPv4 standard and the emerging IPv6 standard.
The Next French presidential election is scheduled to be held in April and May 2017. However, it might be held earlier under exceptional circumstances (resignation or death of the President).
The constitution was reformed in 1994 and the electoral college was replaced with a direct election by popular vote. In France, the first presidential election of the Fifth Republic was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college.