Vitamin B12, commonly referred to as cobalamin, is vital for the functioning of the nervous and circulatory systems. Vitamin B12, like other B vitamins, works to break down glucose into fuel that can be used by the brain. B12 is also a key element of myelin, the protective coating around brain cells.
Enzymes /ËÉnzaÉªmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process upon which enzymes may act are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life.
Accumulations of neutrophils and macrophages at the area of inflammation act to neutralize foreign particles by phagocytosis. Chemical mediators of the inflammatory process include a variety of substances originating in the plasma and the cells of uninjured tissue, and possibly from the damaged tissue.