Common Disorders of the Canine Liver. Vessel Abnormalities: In young dogs, one of the most common liver disorders is a birth defect called congenital portosystemic shunt. In these cases, a blood vessel is present that bypasses the liver, causing a buildup of toxins that the liver would normally take care of.
Chiastic structure, or chiastic pattern, is a literary technique in narrative motifs and other textual passages. An example of chiastic structure would be two ideas, A and B, together with variants A' and B', being presented as A,B,B',A'.
Most of the people that have studied the chiastic approach agree that the portion in the center generally contains the most important part of the chiasm â it is usually the emphasis of the passage. In Western cultures, we are trained to look for the emphasis at the beginning and/or the end of the text.