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Conclusion Questions 3.3.1 1. The walls of the alveoli in the lungs are incredibly thin. Explain how this structure is related to function in the body. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin so that they can serve their purpose of allowing diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen. This is where gas exchange occurs.
Third, the surface area would be reduced as the surface area of the alveoli becomes covered by a thick layer of water. The surface area of the water has now become the effective surface area of the lung. For these reasons, excess water in the lungs creates a barrier to oxygen uptake and can cause drowning.arbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries, into the alveoli, into the thin layer of water, and then quickly exits into the air. The end result is that oxygen is taken out of the air and enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and released into the air.