In view of the scarcity of data on the toxic effects of M. oleifera seed extract in aquaculture farms, the present study aims to test the acute and sublethal toxicity of M. oleifera seed extract on hematological and biochemical parameters of fingerlings of C. carpio.bstract. The study was carried out to investigate the acute and sublethal toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed extract on hematological and biochemical variables of a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions.
The Butterflies of Massachusetts. 15 Bronze Copper Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, 1775) Host Plants and Habitat Relative Abundance Today State Distribution and Locations Broods and Flight Time Outlook. Bronze Copper was described in 1775 by the Dutch naturalist Pieter Cramer, from a female specimen now lost. But the original watercolor drawings of Cramerâs type specimen were recently re-examined by John Calhoun, who deduces that the specimen was collected by a Thomas James around 1766, probably in Brooklyn, New York, on Long Island--- a habitat long since lost to urban sprawl (Calhoun 2010b).
Birds and other vertebrate predators rely primarily on sight to locate prey, so butterflies and moths have evolved numerous visually mediated means to avoid attack. These include passive defence mechanisms e.g. camouflage, disguise, mimicry, warning colouration and transparency.utterfly and moth larvae are taken in huge numbers by predators. A study of predation on Pieris rapae estimated that 52% and 63% of 1st / 2nd instar larvae were eaten in 2 consecutive years by invertebrate predators including Carabid beetles, Hemipteran bugs, wasps, mites and spiders.