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By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Definition: Frequency is the number of times a point on a wave passes a fixed reference point in one second. The SI unit for frequency is the Hertz (Hz). Also Known As: cycles per second.
The frequency of the periodic motion is known as a vibration frequency, and the typical frequencies of molecular vibrations range from less than 10 12 to approximately 10 14 Hz. fundamental vibration is excited when one such quantum of energy is absorbed by the molecule in its ground state. When two quanta are absorbed the first overtone is excited, and so on to higher overtones. To a first approximation, the motion in a normal vibration can be described as a kind of simple harmonic motion.