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Epigenetics Around the Web is a weekly roundup of the latest studies and news in the field of epigenetics presented by GLP sister site the Epigenetics Literacy Project. This week features a video by scientists from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research on how epigenetic changes lead to cancer and scientists devise a way to edit the epigenome. How epigenetic changes cause cancer. There is a classical view of cancer in which the disease arises via genetic mutations. These mutations cause changes in genes that can make the protein non-functional or over active. But as I pointed out in the December 2 Epigenetics Around the Web post, epigenetic changes can also cause similar changes in a cell. Hypermethylation of a gene important for DNA repair could inhibit the proteinâs activity.
Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome.The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell (Russell 2010 p. 217 & 230).Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cellâs DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence (Russell 2010 p. 475).Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification.Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis (Russell 2010 p. 597).wo of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis (Russell 2010 p. 597).