When created effectively, this process ensures the success of an organizationâs marketing strategy. When you focus on the implementation phase of the process, which is the putting of the marketing strategies and plans into action, there are ways to help make this step as successful as possible.
For example, we use the sample mean as an unbiased estimator for the population mean. (Mathematically, it can be shown that the expected value of the sample mean is equal to the population mean). In the case of estimating the population standard deviation, the sample standard deviation is an unbiased estimator too.
A deviation that is a difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity of interest (such as a population mean) is an error and a deviation that is the difference between the observed value and an estimate of the true value (such an estimate may be a sample mean) is a residual.tatistics of the distribution of deviations are used as measures of statistical dispersion. 1  Standard deviation is the frequently used measure of dispersion: it uses squared deviations, and has desirable properties, but is not robust.