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Conclusion Questions 3.3.1 1. The walls of the alveoli in the lungs are incredibly thin. Explain how this structure is related to function in the body. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin so that they can serve their purpose of allowing diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen. This is where gas exchange occurs.
Within the alveoli the gases in the air and the gases dissolved in the blood are only separated by two layers of epithelial cells. This means the distance over which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse into and out of the blood from the alveoli is very small â about a thousandth of a millimetre or 1 micrometre (Âµm).