The X chromosome contains many more genes than the Y chromosome, many of which have functions besides determining sex and have no counterpart on the Y chromosome. In males, because there is no second X chromosome, these extra genes on the X chromosome are not paired and virtually all of them are expressed.
The GS-5 pay grade generally marks an entry-level position. Starting salary for a GS-5 employee is $27,982.00 per year at Step 1, with a maximum possible base pay of $36,379.00 per year at Step 10.
GS-13 is typically a team lead position with around 10 people directly below them. Starting salary for a GS-13 employee is $73,115.00 per year at Step 1, with a maximum possible base pay of $95,048.00 per year at Step 10.The hourly base pay of a Step 1 GS-13 employee is $35.03 per hour 1.n 2015, the actual salary adjustments for a GS-13 employee will range from a maximum cost-of-living raise of 35.15% for employees working in San Francisco, to a minimum of a 14.16% cost-of-living raise in areas without a specified cost-of-living adjustment.