Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal that are distal to the tuberosity require more aggressive treatment. This includes fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (Figure 5) and fractures of the diaphysis (Figure 6). Complications such as delayed union and nonunion are common.
Extramedullary spinal tumors are far more common than intramedullary tumors. The most common extramedullary spinal tumors are meningiomas and schwannomas and they are both generally benign tumors. Meningiomas arise from arachnoid cells within the tissues of the spinal cord.
In fact, cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the most common spinal disorder in Americans over 55 years of age. Common degenerative changes include bone spurs (osteophytes), disc bulges, and thickened ligaments. These changes may narrow the spinal canal, encroaching on the fluid-filled space around the spinal cord.