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Coefficient of variation is a measure of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. In statistics it is abbreviated as CV. To calculate CV you take the standard deviation of the data and divide it by the mean of the data. Mean is another word for average. To calculate the average of a set of data, you add all the numbers and then divide by how many numbers you added.
It is more generally a measure of spread. The mean is a measure of location. The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean is called the coefficient of variation. This can be helpful in distinguishing two data sets that are given in different units.For example if we are comparing economic data from two different countries, the data might be quoted in different currencies. similar ratio is the index of dispersion, which is the square of the standard deviation divided by the mean. In biology, for example, we might look at the locations of trees within a wood. An index of dispersion equal to 1 would indicate a dispersal consistent with a Poisson process, i.e. uniformly at random.