Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal that are distal to the tuberosity require more aggressive treatment. This includes fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (Figure 5) and fractures of the diaphysis (Figure 6). Complications such as delayed union and nonunion are common.
Extramedullary spinal tumors are far more common than intramedullary tumors. The most common extramedullary spinal tumors are meningiomas and schwannomas and they are both generally benign tumors. Meningiomas arise from arachnoid cells within the tissues of the spinal cord.
Meningiomas account for approximately 25 percent of spinal canal tumors. They can occur at any location along the spine, but most commonly appear in the mid-back (thoracic) region. They are about four times more common in women than men and usually appear between the ages of 40 and 70.