How food and drink affect your sleep. What you eat and drink before bed can affect your sleep. For example, foods containing the amino acid tryptophanâa building block of the sleep-related chemical serotoninâcould potentially make you drowsy, although evidence is mixed as to whether the amount in food is enough to change your sleep.
The study estimates lifetime societal savings (net present value) of about $12 billion from the more than 600,000 total knee replacement surgeries performed each year in the U.S. These societal savings primarily accrue to patients and employers.
Jared Foran, an orthopedic surgeon in Denver, is a co-author of a new study called âPatient Perception of Physician Reimbursement in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplastyâ (PDF here). The authors surveyed 1,200 patients to see how much they thought orthopedic surgeons should make and what Medicare actually pays for a hip or knee replacement. On average, patients thought that surgeons should receive $18,501 for total hip replacements, and $16,822 for total knee replacements.