î î î. block grants. categorical grant. commerce clause. cooperative federalism. devolution. elastic clause. federalism. line-item vote. mcculloch vs. maryland. necessary and proper clause. new deal. nullification. reapportionment. sovereign immunity. spending clause. supremacy clause. unfunded mandates.
The compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder and the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom, and the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the top. Automotive engineers can improve fuel efficiency and fuel economy by designing engines with high compression ratios.
HE V12s were normally 12.5:1 compression or 11.5:1 for emission versions and all Marelli 5.3 engines. The 6 litre ran at 11:1 compression. For those who are interested there are some typical V12 power and torque curves in the 'V12 Archives' section. Performance Upgrades. We have identified 4 key areas in which performance and driver satisfaction can be markedly improved at relatively modest cost.