By convention, the charge of an electron is â1, while that of a proton is +1. Charged particles whose charges have the same sign repel one another, and particles whose charges have different signs attract.
James Madison is given the title of the Father of the Constitution because he made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing, with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the Federalist essays.
The Father of the Constitution is credited with the writing of The Constitution of the United States; a piece of legislature implementing and authorizing the legality facets applicable to the relationship between the Federal Government of the United States and the citizens of the United States.