A closer look at the chemical structure of DNA includes the four nitrogenous bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). DNA also includes sugars and phosphate groups that make the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. If you think of the structure of DNA as a twisted ladder, the rungs of the ladder are made from the nitrogenous bases. These bases pair up to make each step of the ladder. They also only pair up in a specific way.
1 Testing fees can add an additional $120-$300 to the applicant's costs. 2  The Praxis Tests cost $50 for registration and an additional $65-$150 for individual tests, several of which may be required by a state.3  Most states require teachers to pass Praxis Tests prior to receiving a teaching license. Licensing fees for teachers are typically $35-$200, and this fee must be paid after passing any required tests and meeting additional licensing requirements. 2  For example, the Connecticut initial education certificate costs $200.
For 2017-18, starting salaries for teachers will range from $54,000 (bachelorâs degree, no prior teaching experience) to $81,694 (masterâs degree, eight years teaching experience, plus additional coursework). New teachers with a masterâs degree but no prior teaching experience earned $60,704. Teachersâ salaries increase each year for more experience as well as education. In addition, from 2015 to 2018, all salary steps will increase about 13 percent, with the most experienced teachers earning $119,000 annually.