Ordinary digital meters cannot accurately test the short-duration peak voltages at the high frequencies generated by CDI components. Electronic Specialties, Inc. offers a $39 retail DVA adapter that plugs into a digital multi-meter for checking CDI output voltages.
Treaty Ratification Process. A ratification process also occurs with all foreign treaties entered into by the president of the United States. According to the Constitution, the exclusive right to negotiate foreign treaties is held by the president and his subordinates (such as the Secretary of State).
Treaty power is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate. The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties.