Usually, respiration and breathing are considered same. However, there is a great difference between respiration and breathing. Breathing: This is a constant process, that takes place constantly through out the day. This is a process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. Respiration:
Polyploidy: Polyploidy,, the condition in which a normally diploid cell or organism acquires one or more additional sets of chromosomes. In other words, the polyploid cell or organism has three or more times the haploid chromosome number. Polyploidy arises as the result of total nondisjunction of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis. Polyploidy is common among plants and has been, in fact, a major source of speciation in the angiosperms.
In plants, the zygote may be polyploid if fertilization occurs between meiotically unreduced gametes. In land plants, the zygote is formed within a chamber called the archegonium. In seedless plants, the archegonium is usually flask-shaped, with a long hollow neck through which the sperm cell enters.n fungi, the sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy. The result of karyogamy is a diploid cell called a zygote or zygospore. This cell may then enter meiosis or mitosis depending on the life cycle of the species.