In summary, we have shown the inhibitory effects of Bcl-2 family on the ceramide-mediated apoptotic pathway in glioma cells. Bcl-2 is considered to act not only downstream of ceramide to inhibit cytochrome c release followed by caspase activation, but also upstream of or at SMase to prevent ceramide generation.igure 3 Effects of Bcl-2 or Bax overexpression on ceramide formation and neutral sphingomyelinase activation in etoposide-treated C6 cells. C6/Neo (), C6/Bcl-2 (), and C6/Bax () cells were treated with 40 M etoposide for indicated periods.
Hawaii, which has the highest-paid waiters and waitresses in the country (mean wage: $13.91/hour) has a minimum wage of $7.00 for tipped employees.
(If the restaurant is in a state that mandates a higher minimum wage, employees must be paid the higher minimum.) Here's an example of how a server's tips contribute to the employer's requirement to pay at least the federal minimum wage: The server, paid at the minimum wage of $7.25 an hour, works 40 hours a week. $7.25 x 40 = $290.00. The server's required cash wages multiplied by the hours worked equals their direct wages. $2.13 x 40 = $85.20. The minimum wage required by the FLSA minus direct wages equals tips to the minimum wage. $290.00 - $85.20 = $204.80. In this example, the server needs $204.80 in weekly tips to bring their earnings up to the minimum wage, or the employer must make up the difference.