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Viruses consist of a small collection of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protective protein coat called a capsid. (Retroviruses are among the infectious particles that use RNA as their hereditary material.
The capsid of the virus is a protein shell. It consists of several identical subunits called capsomers, made of proteins. The function of this shell is to preserve the viral genome, preserve it from physical damage (shearing from mechanical forces) and chemical damage (UV irradiation leading to chemical modification).he structure of a simple virus consists of a protein shell and a viral genome. The size of an ordinary virus usually varies from 10 to 300 nm and it is composed of a viral genome and a capsid.