Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a lack of vitamin A in humans. It is common in poorer countries but rarely seen in more developed countries. Nyctalopia (night blindness) is one of the first signs of VAD.revalence of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a lack of vitamin A in humans. It is common in poorer countries but rarely seen in more developed countries. Nyctalopia (night blindness) is one of the first signs of VAD.
Both lithium and valproate have been reported to increase rat CSF GABA levels. Regarding valproate, animal studies reported that it enhances GABA levels, GABA synaptic release, GAD activity, neuronal GABA responsiveness, and inhibits GABA-T in several brain regions.
These effects are likely mediated not by activation of the GABAB receptor, but rather by activation of the GHB receptor. Although baclofen does not produce euphoria or other reinforcing effects, which is unlike alcohol and benzodiazepines (as well as GHB), it does similarly possess sedative and anxiolytic properties. Baclofen is a very well-known drug of abuse in Russia.