Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
The balance of federal powers and those powers held by the states as defined in the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution was first addressed in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).n the period between the American Revolution and the ratification of the United States Constitution, the states had united under a much weaker federal government, pursuant to the Articles of Confederation. The Articles gave the central government very little, if any, authority to overrule individual state actions.