The standards are: 1  Research and evidence based. 2  Clear, understandable, and consistent. 3  Aligned with college and career expectations. 4  Based on rigorous content and the application of knowledge through higher-order thinking skills. 5  Built upon the strengths and lessons of current state standards.
Alfred coined the term Columbian exchange in 1972. The Columbian exchange started to connect the New and Old Worlds with the transmission of ideas, plants, animals, and diseases. Two worlds that had grown apart with very different organisms started to become homogeneous (Crosby, 1972).
The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus ' 1492 voyage.