Theoretically, in vitro fertilisation could be performed by collecting the contents from a woman's fallopian tubes or uterus after natural ovulation, mixing it with sperm, and reinserting the fertilised ova into the uterus.
Upstream operations deal primarily with the exploration stages of the oil and gas industry, with upstream firms taking the first steps to first locate, test and drill for oil and gas. Later, once reserves are proven, upstream firms will extract any oil and gas from the reserve.
Upstream and Downstream sales are normally associated with inter-company sales. Upstream is a subsidiary selling into the parent entity; while downstream sales are from parent to subsidiary. Financially, it usually refers to loans, since dividends and interest generally flow upstream.Term is also used by securities analysts, particularly oil analysts, meaning earnings or operations at or near the end-product stage.In an integrated oil company, for example, downstream would refer to the retail gas pump, upstream to exploration.pstream is a subsidiary selling into the parent entity; while downstream sales are from parent to subsidiary. Financially, it usually refers to loans, since dividends and interest generally flow upstream.