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The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls the body's sensitivity to other hormones. It participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, the principal ones being thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3), which is more active.These hormones regulate the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. T 3 and T 4 are synthesized from iodine and tyrosine.yperthyroidism occurs when the gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, the most common cause being Graves' disease âan autoimmune disorder. In contrast, hypothyroidism is a state of insufficient thyroid hormone production. Worldwide, the most common cause is iodine deficiency.
About the Thyroid Gland. What is the thyroid gland and what does it do? The purpose of your thyroid gland is to make, store, and release thyroid hormones into your blood (provide link to âAbout the Thyroid Glandâ document that we already approved for upload).. These hormones, which are also referred to as T3 (liothyronine) and T4 (levothyroxine), affect almost every cell in your body, and help control your bodyâs functions.