1.4 Chemical Determination. Proteins are complex, organic compounds composed of many amino acids linked together through peptide bonds and cross-linked between chains by sulfhydryl bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.
Viral infection is probably the most common cause of pleurisy. Other causes include the following: Lung infections, such as pneumonia and tuberculosis; Diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, liver diseases and pulmonary embolism; Chest injuries; Drug reactions; Pleurisy and pleural effusion are generally only as serious as the underlying disease causing it. If you have any of these conditions, you may already be undergoing treatment for the underlying disease; if not, seek medical attention immediately. A pleural effusion can occur without pleurisy. Kidney disease, heart failure and liver disease can cause pleural effusion without inflammation or pain. What are the symptoms of pleurisy? Symptoms of pleurisy include the following:
Healthy lifestyle practices can reduce the risk of lung infection for people with pleurisy, including good hand washing, drinking plenty of fluids, eating a well-balanced diet, getting plenty of rest, and refraining from smoking. In some cases, pleurisy can be associated with serious or life-threatening symptoms. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for serious symptoms, such as severe difficulty breathing, severe sharp chest pain, bluish lips or fingernails, fast heart rate, and anxiety.