Immune system diseases (If you have kidney disease due to lupus, your doctor will call it lupus nephritis.) Long-lasting viral illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Pyelonephritis, a urinary tract infections within the kidneys, which can result in scarring as the infection heals.
By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Nicotine has strong mood altering effects and can act on the brain as both a stimulant and a relaxant. Once within the bloodstream, nicotine may circulate around the body until it reaches the brain.
Properties and Effects of Nicotine. Nicotine is quickly absorbed from the lungs, buccal and nasal mucosa, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Most cigarettes contain between 0.5 and 2.0 mg of nicotine, and 20% of nicotine in a cigarette is inhaled and absorbed into the bloodstream. Nicotine is rapidly metabolized by the hepatic enzyme CYP2A6.