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1 Achalasia. 2  Achalasia is a condition that affects the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus, that is, the lower esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter. 3  Specifically, the peristaltic wave disappears, and the lower sphincter does not relax.
Smooth muscle cells are responsible for helping food pass through the digestive system and for pushing food up into the esophagus when vomiting occurs. In the urinary system, smooth muscle cells contract to push urine into the urethra and out of the body. When a woman gives birth, the smooth muscle cells found in the uterus contract to push the baby out of the birth canal. Smooth muscle cells also affect the diameter of the blood vessels.