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Viruses consist of a small collection of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protective protein coat called a capsid. (Retroviruses are among the infectious particles that use RNA as their hereditary material.
Helical, Icosahedral and Prolate Viral Shapes. Before we get to the nitty-gritty of this lesson, I'd like to point something out. The protective protein shell of each virus is called a 'capsid.' This capsid is made up of protein subunits called 'capsomeres,' which are in turn made of subunits called 'protomers.'.