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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 6% of pregnancies in the United States, and it is increasing in prevalence. Pregnant women without known diabetes mellitus should be screened for GDM after 24 weeks of gestation. Treatment of GDM results in a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, and macrosomia. Initial management includes glucose monitoring and lifestyle modifications.
If the result is abnormal, it is typically followed up with a fasting blood glucose test or a GTT. Glucose blood tests are also used to screen pregnant women for gestational diabetes between their 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. One-step 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 2  After a fasting glucose level is measured, a woman is given a 75-gram dose of glucose to drink and her glucose levels are measured at 1 hour and 2 hours after the dose. 3  Only one of the values needs to be above a cutoff value for diagnosis.