Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
Justice John Marshallâs decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) and how, faced with threats to its. power, this judgment brought legitimacy to the Supreme Court as a co-equal branch of the. United States government through a narrow interpretation of the authority of judicial review.