These initials refer to the doctor's credentials â they indicate the type of medical school the doctor attended and the licensing exam they took to become a doctor. MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, and is the most common type of degree earned by doctors who practice medicine in the United States.
Anxiety is often manifested at various times during cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, or recurrence. For patients undergoing cancer treatment, anxiety can also heighten the expectancy of pain,[10-12] other symptoms of distress, and sleep disturbances and can be a major factor in anticipatory nausea and vomiting.
Primary use / Purpose: The Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (CMSAS) is a 14 item inventory rated on a 5 point Likert-type scale. Its purpose is to measure the frequency, severity, and distress associated with, 32 separate, multidimensional symptoms experienced by patients. The CMSAS is based on the previously developed and validated instrument, the Memorial Symptom Assesment Scale â Short Form (MSAS-SF). Background: With the introduction and growing acceptance of the biopsychosocial model of health, it is becoming increasingly common to assess the quality of life of patients before, during, or after serious illness, pain, or surgery.