Humans cannot synthesize astaxanthin in the body, nor does it appear to act as a pro-vitamin for Vitamin A (retinol) in mammals under normal conditions although it appears that in states of Vitamin A deficiency astaxanthin (in rats) can be forced into a provitamin role.
Annual Running Cost (Â£) = Cost per mile x Average mileage /100. The Renault Clio takes about 40 litres to fill up and travels 400 miles on a full tank, giving it a respectable MPG of 45. This equates to around 10.5p/mile assuming that the Price of Petrol is around 105p per litlre. For a Renault Clio.
Renault Fluence five-seat saloon: 90 miles. * Talking of which, the Society of Motor Manufacturers (SMMT) and others say that the typical cost of electricity to charge an EV is approximately 3p per mile, compared with petrol/diesel costs of about 16ppm. In reality, the gap is closer.