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The effects of acetone exposure are usually mild, unless people are exposed to more than 500 parts per million in the air. Research indicates that people with high exposure levels can experience some skin and throat irritation, along with dizziness and nausea.
Exposure and Health Effects. Small amounts of acetone are metabolically produced in the body, mainly from fat. In humans, fasting significantly increases its endogenous production. Acetone levels can be elevated in diabetic individuals. Contamination of water, food (e.g. milk), or the air (acetone is volatile) can lead to chronic exposure to acetone. A number of acute poisoning cases have been described: acetone can damage the mucosa of the mouth and can irritate and damage skin; accidental intake of large amounts of acetone may lead to unconsciousness and death (#Likhodii, et al., 2003). The effects of long-term exposure to acetone are known mostly from animal studies. Kidney, liver, and nerve damage, increased birth defects, and lowered reproduction ability of males occurred in chronically exposed animals. It is not known if these same effects would be exhibited in humans.