one of a group of cells that develop in the walls of the seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenic cells include spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatidsâall of which are transitional forms between primary sexual cells and spermatozoa.
long-haul optics. Long-haul optics refers to the transmission of visible light signals over optical fiber cable for great distances, especially without or with minimal use of repeaters. Normally, repeaters are necessary at intervals in a length of fiber optic cable to keep the signal quality from deteriorating to the point of non-usability. In long-haul optical systems, the goal is to minimize the number of repeaters per unit distance, and ideally, to render repeaters unnecessary.
Length of fibers (arithmetic average, weighted average etc.) is one of the most important parameters of pulp. Pulp strength is directly proportional to fiber length and dictates its final use. A long fiber pulp is good to blend with short fiber pulp to optimize on fiber cost, strength and formation of paper.