In one mole, there are 6.022 x 10 23 atoms. Here's another way: there are 6.022 x 10 23 atoms of carbon in 12 grams of carbon-12. Let's say that real clearly: one mole of ANYTHING contains 6.022 x 10 23 entities. The word entities is simply a generic word.
Shadow zone. A seismic shadow zone is an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs cannot detect an earthquake after its seismic waves have passed through the Earth. When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves radiate out spherically from the earthquake's focus.
S wave -- a shadow zone appears when the velocity suddenly decreases 103-180 degrees from the epicenter. Describe the differences between P and S waves. P waves expand and contract, can move through liquid solid and gas. S wave moves up and down or side to side moves through only solids.