Hoarseness, an abnormal change in your voice, is a common condition thatâs often experienced in conjunction with a dry or scratchy throat. If your voice is hoarse, you may have a raspy, weak, or airy quality to your voice that prevents you from making smooth vocal sounds.
One way to minimize interest rate risk is to buy short-term bonds that take less time to mature. It's less painful to be stuck with a low-paying bond for five years than a low paying bond for 20 or 30 years. Another way to minimize risk is to hold the bond until maturity.
Keywords: Liquidity preference; Portfolio theory; Yield curve. One of the existing problems in the theory of mathematical finance is the calculation of term. structure of interest rates. The term structure of interest rates is determined by the dependence of the yield. of the discount instruments from maturity. There are many different models explaining the relationship between long- and short-term interest. rates [1]. One of the most popular is the liquidity preference theory. This theory states that forward rates should be higher than future spot rates. This means that long-term buyers of bonds require additional return. Letâs rephrase our statements in such a way so that it would be similar to concepts from portfolio theory (return connected with risk).