The Eighth Amendment was the basis for grant of review in Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 (1969) and Maxwell v. Bishop, 398 U.S. 262 (1970), but membership changes on the Court resulted in decisions on other grounds. \52\402 U.S. 183 (1971). McGautha was decided in the same opinion with Crampton v. Ohio.
A nested if statement is an if-else statement with another if statement as the if body or the else body. if ( num > 0 ) // Outer if if ( num < 10 ) // Inner if System.out.println( num is between 0 and 10 ) ; There is an outer if statement, and an inner if.
Nested functions assumes function scope or block scope. The scope of a nested function is inside the enclosing function, i.e. inside one of the constituent blocks of that function, which means that it is invisible outside that block and also outside the enclosing function.