Egypt's geological history has produced four major physical regions: the Nile Valley and Delta, the Western Desert (also known as the Libyan Desert), the Eastern Desert (also known as the Arabian Desert), and the Sinai Peninsula.
Abbreviation: Ks values. A synonymous mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that codes for amino acids in a protein sequence, but does not change the encoded amino acid. Due to the redundancy of the genetic code (multiple codons code for the same amino acid), these changes usually occur in the third position of a codon.
Substitution mutations are those where one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide. They are called transition if a purine is replaced by another purine, a pyrimidine is replaced by another pyrimidine or a transversion if a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or pyrimidine by a purine.