A form of apparatus often used for testing specimens of steel consists of a small electric furnace in which to heat the specimen, and a special thermo-couple pyrometer (see  Pyrometers ) for indicating the range of temperatures through which the steel passes.
Where the American Civil War Began. Decades of growing strife between North and South erupted in civil war on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery opened fire on this Federal fort in Charleston Harbor. Fort Sumter surrendered 34 hours later. Union forces would try for nearly four years to take it back.
Description: Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant (P.G.T.) Beauregard was a New Orleans native who ordered the first shots of the Civil War fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina in April 1861. Frances Parkinson Keyes was a noted author of more than fifty books and short story collections.