Statistical significance considers the first and third of these concerns. The middle one, bias, cannot be detected by mathematical deductive logic: it needs detailed information on the way the sample was chosen. This is dealt with in the notes on bias.
A HEIC file is a raster image saved in the High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF), a lossy compressed format. It may contain still images, image collections, image bursts, or image sequences, along with metadata that describes each image. HEIC files may also appear as .HEIF files.
OneDrive on iOS now can recognize HEIC image format, and the updated version of OneDrive is able to automatically convert HEIC to JPG/JPEG before uploading the cloud so that users can open and view HEIC images on Windows 10, OneDrive app, and OneDrive website.