If you held an OID debt instrument for a calendar year but did not receive a Form 1099-OID, refer to the discussions under Figuring OID on Long-Term Debt Instruments, later, for information on the OID you must report.
Although the Almoravids had substantial contacts with the Maghrib, influences from the black Sudanic kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai played an important role in Mauritania's history for about 700 years--from the eighth to the fifteenth century.
The Kongo Kingdom was one of the largest in sub-Saharan Africa spanning over 115,000 square miles with a centralized monarchy and powerful noble class (Apley). There was a heavy tax system that enabled the nobility to keep their luxurious lifestyle that levied on the rural peasant class. They had trade routes already set up with the Portuguese that included copper, salt, wild animal products, and cloth even before the Portuguese settled in the Kongo (Apley).