Definition of scholarship. 1  1 : a grant-in-aid to a student (as by a college or foundation) 2  2 : the character, qualities, activity, or attainments of a scholar : learning. 3  3 : a fund of knowledge and learning drawing on the scholarship of the ancients.
Restriction of the mother's blood flow through the placenta is the most common cause of placental insufficiency. Any restriction can have a serious effect upon fetal growth and development. Placental damage can cause restriction - damage for example caused by infarction (tissue death) or the separation from the uterine wall (placenta abruption). Spasm or blood clots in the placenta veins also have the same effect.
In a placental abruption, the placenta separates too soon from the uterine wall. In around 1 in 10 cases of stillbirth, the baby had a birth defect or congenital abnormality. Other causes of stillbirth include: 1  Umbilical cord problems also cause stillbirths. 2  In a prolapsed umbilical cord, the cord comes out of the vagina before the baby, blocking the oxygen supply before the baby can breathe on its own.