1 Cubism was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. 2  Cubism was the first abstract style of modern art. 3  A Cubist painting ignores the traditions of perspective drawing and shows you many views of a subject at one time. 4  The Cubists introduced collage into painting.
Two linear systems using the same set of variables are equivalent if each of the equations in the second system can be derived algebraically from the equations in the first system, and vice versa.
Normality addresses this with the idea of chemical equivalent units. Equivalent units are the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the number of moles needed to produce 1 mole of the active ion. In our example, this ratio is 1:1 for HCl, both H + and Cl â ions so the equivalent unit for both ions is 1.