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Knee pain facts. 1  Knee pain is a common problem with many causes, from acute injuries to medical conditions. 2  Knee pain can be localized or diffuse throughout the knee. 3  Knee pain is often accompanied by physical restriction. 4  A thorough physical examination will usually establish the diagnosis of knee pain.
Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability in the knee joint. In the knee joint, the end of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) are covered in smooth articulate cartilage. Between the two bones sits a second type of cartilage, called menisci, which act as cartilage shock absorber pads. Joint fluid also adds lubrication to the knee joint. Osteoarthritis (OA) starts as the lack or loss of this articulate (surface) cartilage and then progresses into involvement with the surrounding bone, tissues, and synovial fluid.