meninges. plural of meninx; the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. adj., adj meninÂ´geal.Meninges of the central nervous system.eninx. Etymology: Gk, meninx, membrane. the three membranes enclosing the brain and the spinal cord, comprising the dura mater, the pia mater, and the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater and the arachnoid can become inflamed by bacterial meningitis, causing serious complications that may be life-threatening.
The exact cause of cholangiocarcinoma is unknown, and most cases occur sporadically, but there are several well-defined risk factors. The most common of these is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The true incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of PSC is reported as 8%-40%, depending on the type of study.
1 Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a condition in which inflammation of the bile ducts (cholangitis) leads to the formation of scar tissue (sclerosis). 2  People with this condition have an increased risk of bile duct cancer. 3  The cause of the inflammation is not usually known. Cirrhosis is damage to the liver from irritants such as alcohol and diseases such as hepatitis that cause scar tissue to form. 2  Studies have found it raises the risk of bile duct cancer. 3  Infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus increases the risk of intrahepatic bile duct cancers.