In the wake of the war, the Congress submitted, and the States ratified, the Thirteenth. Amendment (making slavery illegal), the Fourteenth Amendment. (defining and granting broad rights of national citizenship), and the. Fifteenth Amendment (forbidding racial discrimination in elec-. tions). The Fourteenth Amendment was the most controversial and. far-reaching of the three ââReconstruction Amendments.ââ.
A key element in calculating the HDI is life expectancy at birth. The life expectancy factor helps to determine how long the average citizen lives, how healthy she can remain during her life and how much she can contribute in her working life.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living.The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.ownload the latest Human Development Index Data. View the HDI Frequently asked questions. The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.