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1) That looks right. 2) Step 1: Moles=Mass/Mr, so it's 144/72= 2mol. Step 2: Stoichiometry means the ratio of oxygen to pentane is 1:8 so moles of oxygen is moles of pentane times 8. 2*8=16mol of oxygen. Step 3: 16= 9.6*10^24. 3) The ratio of oxygen to carbon in CO2 is 1:2. so it's 192/3 = 64.
Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12. Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.