In this sense the therapist is non-directive because they are tracking and following the client. Metaphorically the therapist is walking alongside the client, sometimes a few paces behind and sometimes a few paces ahead, sometimes stopping to discuss where to go next, but always going wherever the client goes.
Martin Seligman developed the theory of learned helplessness, and defined it as the motivational and behavioral deficits displayed by humans when exposed to uncontrollable circumstances.
Using it. To build influence, make and encourage attributions about other people so they learn helplessness and become dependent on you. To help people become less helpless, show them what is happening. Help them make attributions that lead to positive actions and 'learned confidence'.o build influence, make and encourage attributions about other people so they learn helplessness and become dependent on you. To help people become less helpless, show them what is happening. Help them make attributions that lead to positive actions and 'learned confidence'.