Closed truss: 1) A truss with a tie beam; 2) a roof system with a ceiling so the framing is not visible. Open truss: 1) A truss with an interrupted tie beam or scissor truss which allow a vaulted ceiling area; 2) Roof framing open to view, not hidden by a ceiling. King post truss
Memory disruptions by alcohol leading to blackout have been linked to inhibition of long-term potentiation, particularly in the hippocampus, by affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission (see Effects of alcohol on memory).
A. Hangovers are multi-causal. Ethanol has a dehydrating effect by causing increased urine production (such substances are known as diuretics), which causes headaches, dry mouth, and lethargy. Dehydration causes the brain to shrink away from the skull slightly. Alcohol's effect on the stomach lining can account for nausea.