Definition of scholarship. 1  1 : a grant-in-aid to a student (as by a college or foundation) 2  2 : the character, qualities, activity, or attainments of a scholar : learning. 3  3 : a fund of knowledge and learning drawing on the scholarship of the ancients.
Restriction of the mother's blood flow through the placenta is the most common cause of placental insufficiency. Any restriction can have a serious effect upon fetal growth and development. Placental damage can cause restriction - damage for example caused by infarction (tissue death) or the separation from the uterine wall (placenta abruption). Spasm or blood clots in the placenta veins also have the same effect.
If the placenta attaches to the lower part of the uterus, it can cover part or all of the cervix (the entrance to the womb). When the placenta covers part or all of the cervix during the last months of pregnancy, this is a condition known as placenta previa, or low-lying placenta. This condition can cause severe bleeding before or during labor.