meninges. plural of meninx; the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. adj., adj meninÂ´geal.Meninges of the central nervous system.eninx. Etymology: Gk, meninx, membrane. the three membranes enclosing the brain and the spinal cord, comprising the dura mater, the pia mater, and the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater and the arachnoid can become inflamed by bacterial meningitis, causing serious complications that may be life-threatening.
The exact cause of cholangiocarcinoma is unknown, and most cases occur sporadically, but there are several well-defined risk factors. The most common of these is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The true incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of PSC is reported as 8%-40%, depending on the type of study.
Because cholangiocarcinoma is usually found in an advanced stage (after it has spread), often times surgery to remove the cancer is not an option. Cholangiocarcinoma starts in the bile duct, a thin tube, about 4 to 5 inches long, that reaches from the liver to the small intestine.The major function of the bile duct is to move a fluid called bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine, where it helps digest the fats in food.ntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma develops in the smaller bile duct branches inside the liver. It can sometimes be confused with cancer that starts in the liver cells, which is called hepatocellular carcinoma, and is often treated the same way.