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Fast Facts: 1  Alterations to chemicals attached to DNA, known as epigenetic changes, affect how genes do their work and have been linked to colon cancer. 2  A new study of six different cancer types found distinctive epigenetic changes in all of them.These insights into the cancer epigenome could provide a foundation for development of early screening or preventive treatment for cancer,â Timp says, suggesting that the distinctive methylation âfingerprintâ could potentially be used to tell early-stage cancers apart from other, harmless growths.
For at least a decade, the number of known associations between epigenetic changes and cancer has been growing. Abnormal methylation can be found in most cancers, and mutations in the enzymes that add methyl groups to DNA have been associated with some cancer types.In most human cancers, Shen said, the promoter of p16 contains methylated cytosine residues.pigenetic Changes Can Cause Cancer. A transgene designed to attract methylation to the promoter of a tumor-suppressor gene leads to tumorigenesis in a mouse model.