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Most frequently humeral shaft fractures occur as a result of a direct blow to the upper arm (transverse fractures). Indirect trauma from a fall or a twisting action (e.g. arm wrestling) are also encountered and usually result in spiral or oblique fractures 1,3.
Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture means that the bone is cracked, but not broken all the way through. Buckle (or torus) fracture: A buckle fracture, also known as a torus fracture, occurs when one side of the bone is compressed or buckled, without fracturing the other side. Metaphyseal fracture: With this type, the fracture injury is confined to the upper/lower part of the shaft, but does not affect the growth plate.