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1) That looks right. 2) Step 1: Moles=Mass/Mr, so it's 144/72= 2mol. Step 2: Stoichiometry means the ratio of oxygen to pentane is 1:8 so moles of oxygen is moles of pentane times 8. 2*8=16mol of oxygen. Step 3: 16= 9.6*10^24. 3) The ratio of oxygen to carbon in CO2 is 1:2. so it's 192/3 = 64.
If any of your mole ratios arenât whole numbers, multiply all numbers by the smallest possible factor that produces whole-number mole ratios for all the elements. For example, if you have 1 nitrogen atom for every 0.5 oxygen atoms in a compound, the empirical formula is not N1O0.5. Such a formula casually suggests that an oxygen atom has been split, something that would create a small-scale nuclear explosion. Though impressive sounding, this scenario is almost certainly false.