Statistical significance considers the first and third of these concerns. The middle one, bias, cannot be detected by mathematical deductive logic: it needs detailed information on the way the sample was chosen. This is dealt with in the notes on bias.
A HEIC file is a raster image saved in the High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF), a lossy compressed format. It may contain still images, image collections, image bursts, or image sequences, along with metadata that describes each image. HEIC files may also appear as .HEIF files.
High Efficiency Image File Format. High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) is a file format for individual images and image sequences. It was developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and is defined by MPEG-H Part 12 (ISO/IEC 23008-12).