If you held an OID debt instrument for a calendar year but did not receive a Form 1099-OID, refer to the discussions under Figuring OID on Long-Term Debt Instruments, later, for information on the OID you must report.
Although the Almoravids had substantial contacts with the Maghrib, influences from the black Sudanic kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai played an important role in Mauritania's history for about 700 years--from the eighth to the fifteenth century.
East Africa. The first developed societies appeared in Africa's Nubia region before the time of the First Dynasty in Egypt (3100-2890 BC), including at the important site of Kerma (modern Doukki Gel, or 'red mound', located north of Khartoum, relatively close to modern Egypt's southern border).