1 The cause of this most common type of cardiomyopathy often is unknown. 2  It may be caused by reduced blood flow to the heart (ischemic heart disease), infections, toxins and certain drugs. 3  It also may be inherited from a parent. 4  It usually enlarges (dilates) the left ventricle.ommon causes of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or conditions that can lead to arrhythmias include: 1  Heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects). 2  Coronary artery disease. 3  High blood pressure. 4  Diabetes. 5  Smoking.
The second ionization energy is always larger than the first ionization energy, because it requires even more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it is from a neutral atom. The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table. The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.
The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity: a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons. Caesium is the least electronegative element in the periodic table (=0.79), while fluorine is most electronegative (=3.98).(Francium and caesium were originally assigned both assigned 0.7; caesium's value was later refined to 0.79, but no experimental data allows a similar refinement for francium.roperties of a free atom include ionization energy and electron affinity. It is to be expected that the electronegativity of an element will vary with its chemical environment, but it is usually considered to be a transferable property, that is to say that similar values will be valid in a variety of situations.