(1 + c)/(r + e + c). The money multiplier (also called the credit multiplier or the deposit multiplier) is a measure of the extent to which the creation of money in the banking system causes the growth in the money supply to exceed growth in the monetary base.
A buzzing light switch could mean the fixture is wearing out, causing an arc of electricity behind the wall plate. If this is the case, the potential for an electrical fire may exist.
Buzzing: Interference can be caused by one or more wires that may have come into contact with metal, (other than the connection terminals). Static: Wires that could be loose at a connecting point. Check all wires and connections for secure connections.