(1 + c)/(r + e + c). The money multiplier (also called the credit multiplier or the deposit multiplier) is a measure of the extent to which the creation of money in the banking system causes the growth in the money supply to exceed growth in the monetary base.
A buzzing light switch could mean the fixture is wearing out, causing an arc of electricity behind the wall plate. If this is the case, the potential for an electrical fire may exist.
Voltage fluctuations are generally caused by loose or corroded connections at either the house or on the power lines, and are often noticed by flickering lights. Dim lights can be a symptom of the voltage being too low. This can be caused by overloading on the network, loose connections or the conductor wire carrying power to your house being too small. In extreme cases, a loose connection can cause electric shocks from metal appliances and surfaces in your house.