Xanthan gum is produced by a bacteria, called Xanthomonas campestris. When the bacterial fermentation is accomplished, the liquid is pasteurized to kill the organisms, and the gum is recovered by the precipitation with isopropanol or ethanol. 1. Function 1. Soluble in both cold and hot water; High viscosity at low concentrations; Highly pseudoplastic
What language do the Mandan Indians speak? The Mandan people speak English today. Their native Mandan language is still spoken today by only one elder. Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara speakers cannot understand each other's languages, so the three languages have been declining since the tribes merged.
The Arabic language is spoken today by over 250 million people in the Middle East and North Africa. A number of other native languages are also spoken in this part of the world such as Kurdish, Berber, and Mahri. Arabic is also used as a religious language by the world's Muslims, who total around one billion people. Arabic is therefore also learned to various levels of proficiency, as a venerated, liturgical language, by many Muslims mainly in Asia (e.g., Pakistan, Malaysia, China) and Africa (e.g., Senegal).