Power Management applications: load shedding; active and reactive power control; busbar synchronization. * Horizontal communication to IEDs via GOOSE and Vertical communication via MMS for standard data objects and SoE for breaker and switch commands.
A paraesophageal hernia is also known as a hiatal hernia, where a portion of the stomach slides through the diaphragm and into the chest. This may cause symptoms of pain, heartburn, reflux, and difficulty swallowing food. Sometimes it causes food or even liquids to become stuck as they go down the esophagus.
In many patients, paraesophageal hernias may not cause any symptoms for the patient. These asymptomatic hernias can be safely observed and do not require surgery. When a paraesophageal hernia begins to cause symptoms (chest pain, upper abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing), these are usually repaired.