(1 + c)/(r + e + c). The money multiplier (also called the credit multiplier or the deposit multiplier) is a measure of the extent to which the creation of money in the banking system causes the growth in the money supply to exceed growth in the monetary base.
A buzzing light switch could mean the fixture is wearing out, causing an arc of electricity behind the wall plate. If this is the case, the potential for an electrical fire may exist.
It is normal for the solenoid to make noise, it clicks when the valve is turned on or off. It also is normal for a very soft buzzing sound to be heard when the valve is activated, but you should not be able to hear it unless you put your ear near it. If you can easily hear it buzzing, that is not normal.