A geological engineer has the job of designing mines to remove minerals (like metals and coal) in a safe and efficient way to use in utilities and manufacturing. These engineers also draw up technical reports for other engineers, managers, and miners.
DISCRETE DIVIDENDS IN EQUITY DERIVATIVES. One of the complications in equity derivative modelling is how to treat dividends. One of the complications in equity derivative modelling is how to treat dividends. On dividend payout, or ex div, dates, the underlying spot drops by the dividend amount, ignoring tax. This introduces discrete deterministic jumps into the geometric Brownian process assumed within the Black-Scholes framework. The underlying stochastic process in the presence of discrete dividend can be expressed as:
Dividends can be classified either as ordinary or qualified. Whereas ordinary dividends are taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividends that meet certain requirements are taxed at lower capital gain rates. For a definition of qualified dividends, refer to Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses.