Gelatin is a protein and in aqueous solutions is a hydrophilic colloid. Gelatin derived from an acid-treated precursor is known as Type A, and gelatin derived from an alkali-treated precursor is known as Type B.
The philosophes (French for philosophers) were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.
Parisian philosophe who was known for his voluminous writing including plays, novels, poems, and history; he was imprisoned in the Bastille for satirizing the monarchy and spent much of his life championing freedom of thought and challenging the philosophical optimism that characterized many of his fellow philosophes.