When you hire an electrician, even for a small job like installing a light switch, be aware that most charge a minimum fee for a visit. But that fee will roll into the cost of the job. In other words, although an electrician may charge $70 just to walk in the door, that money might cover the first hour of work. The cost of the job will vary depending on the complexity and parts needed. One factor that often contributes to a job's complexity is access.
1 Kidney stones. Large kidney stones cannot enter the ureter but a stone less than 5mm in diameter can cause a sudden obstruction.  Blood clots may obstruct the ureter and this is usually seen with massive hematuria (blood in the urine). Bleeding in these cases may be due to tumors, papillary necrosis or kidney stones.
Ureters are the two funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. A ureter that does not connect properly to the bladder and drains somewhere outside of the bladder is called an ectopic ureter. In boys the ectopic ureter usually drains into the urethra closer to the prostate.ost commonly, as seen here, the ectopic ureter drains to the urethra. 1  Hydronephrosis: When the ectopic ureter connects outside the bladder, the insertion is usually narrow, creating a level of obstruction. 2  The urine that is draining from the kidneys backs up and causes the kidney and ureter to dilate (hydronephrosis).