If you want a high-tech, presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens for your cataract procedure, then costs would increase to an average of about $4,591 per eye (vs. $4,461 in 2010, $4,337 in 2011, $4,269 in 2012 and $4,350 in 2013).
When Î´S is negative and Î´H is negative, the relative magnitudes of Î´S and Î´H determine if the reaction is spontaneous. Low temperatures make the reaction more favorable. When Î´S is negative and Î´H is positive, a process is not spontaneous at any temperature, but the reverse process is spontaneous.A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy (usually as heat) and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state. spontaneous process is capable of proceeding in a given direction, as written or described, without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy.
(b) No. Î´S is a state function, so it is independent of path. 19.23 (a) CH 3 OH(l) â CH 3 OH(g), entropy increases, more mol gas in products, greater motional freedom. (b) 19.25 (a) For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases; for a reversible process, the entropy of the universe does not change.(b) In a reversible process, Î´S system + Î´S surroundings = 0. If Î´S system is positive, Î´S surroundings must be negative.(c) Since Î´S universe must be positive for a spontaneous process, Î´S surroundings must be greater than â42 J/K. 19.27 Analyze. Calculate Î´S for the isothermal expansion of 0.100 mol He from 2.00 L to 5.00 L at 27Â°C. Plan.b) 19.25 (a) For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases; for a reversible process, the entropy of the universe does not change. (b) In a reversible process, Î´S system + Î´S surroundings = 0. If Î´S system is positive, Î´S surroundings must be negative.