Scratch visibility of polymers measured using optical imaging by Rangarajan, P.; Sinha, M.; Watkins, V.; Harding, K.; Sparks, J. / Polymer Engineering and Science. For reflection, the incident light wave is resolved into components in the. and normal to the. (the plane of the surface).
The intermolecular forces and bonds of water are many. All molecules have Van der Waal or London dispersion forces. Since the OH bonds are polar, dipole-dipole interactions exist. Due to the bonding of H to the O, hydrogen bonding is present between molecules. That is all, ionic bonding does not exist for water. Hydrogen and hydroxide do not completely separate into ions.
Quick Answer. Water molecules have covalent bonds. Each molecule consists of two hydrogen and oxygen covalent bonds. However, when water molecules are placed together, as they are normally, the hydrogen atoms in each molecule can form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atom of other molecules. Continue Reading.