Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine (sins-teen) chapel in 1508. The chapel was Built by Pope Sixtus IV in 1481. Which happened to be in the Vatican, is known to be the pope's headquarters in Rome.
Cardiac Output. Cardiac output is the amount of blood your heart pumps out in one minute. It is regulated by the amount of blood your heart pumps out in one contraction, or stroke volume, and the number of times your heart beats in one minute, or your heart rate.Cardiac output increases as a short-term and a long-term effect of regular aerobic exercise.Initially, cardiac output increases due to an increase in your heart rate. Then, as your aerobic fitness improves, cardiac output increases due to an increase in stroke volume and a decrease in heart rate.ardiac output increases as a short-term and a long-term effect of regular aerobic exercise. Initially, cardiac output increases due to an increase in your heart rate.
The net effect is that the cycle of compression and relaxation propels the blood in the direction of the heart. Venous valves prevent the blood from flowing backwards, thereby permitting unidirectional flow that enhances venous return. When a person is standing, postural muscles in the legs alternately contract and relax to keep the body in balance. This muscle activity promotes venous return and helps to maintain central venous pressure and venous return, and to lower venous and capillary pressures in the feet and lower limbs. Respiratory Activity (Abdominothoracic or Respiratory Pump) Respiratory activity influences venous return to the heart. Briefly, increasing the rate and depth of respiration promotes venous return and therefore enhances cardiac output.