Measuring cup, graduated cylinder, anything that has volumetric markings to tell you how much liquid you have. Or if the liquid has a known density, you can weigh it and determine its volume from mass/density. (You just have to make sure your units are all the same scale--if you weigh in lbs. and have density in grams/cubic centimeters, you have to convert lbs. to grams before using the density equation.
I know the basics of how to find these values from a graph, but not sure how to prove that average voltage of half-wave rectifier is peak/pi and rms is peak/2. Same for full-wave rectifier where average is 2peak/pi.
What is the frequency of ripple components in the output of capacitor filter? It depends on whether or not it is a half wave or full wave rectifier. For a single phase 60 Hz rectifier, a half wave rectifier will be 60 Hz while a full wave rectifier will â¦ be 120 Hz.