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Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these salinity raising factors are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice.vaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these salinity raising factors are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice.
On average, the Atlantic is the saltiest major ocean; surface water salinity in the open ocean ranges from 33 to 37 parts per thousand (3.3 â 3.7%) by mass and varies with latitude and season.Evaporation, precipitation, river inflow and sea ice melting influence surface salinity values.overing approximately 22% of Earth's surface, the Atlantic is second in size to the Pacific. With its adjacent seas, it occupies an area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi); without them, it has an area of 82,400,000 square kilometres (31,800,000 sq mi).