Measuring cup, graduated cylinder, anything that has volumetric markings to tell you how much liquid you have. Or if the liquid has a known density, you can weigh it and determine its volume from mass/density. (You just have to make sure your units are all the same scale--if you weigh in lbs. and have density in grams/cubic centimeters, you have to convert lbs. to grams before using the density equation.
I know the basics of how to find these values from a graph, but not sure how to prove that average voltage of half-wave rectifier is peak/pi and rms is peak/2. Same for full-wave rectifier where average is 2peak/pi.
For a sine wave, the rms value is 0.707 times the peak value, or 0.354 times thepeak-to-peak value. Household utility voltages are expressed in rms terms.? Aso-called 117-volt AC circuit carries about 165 volts peak (pk), or 330 voltspeak-to-peak (pk-pk).