Measuring cup, graduated cylinder, anything that has volumetric markings to tell you how much liquid you have. Or if the liquid has a known density, you can weigh it and determine its volume from mass/density. (You just have to make sure your units are all the same scale--if you weigh in lbs. and have density in grams/cubic centimeters, you have to convert lbs. to grams before using the density equation.
I know the basics of how to find these values from a graph, but not sure how to prove that average voltage of half-wave rectifier is peak/pi and rms is peak/2. Same for full-wave rectifier where average is 2peak/pi.
Basic half wave rectifier circuit. The half wave rectifier circuit can be used in a number of different applications. The half wave rectifier circuit normally utilises a single diode. This passes one half of the cycle, and blocks the other. In this way only half of the cycle is used, but current is only allowed to flow in one direction.