Measuring cup, graduated cylinder, anything that has volumetric markings to tell you how much liquid you have. Or if the liquid has a known density, you can weigh it and determine its volume from mass/density. (You just have to make sure your units are all the same scale--if you weigh in lbs. and have density in grams/cubic centimeters, you have to convert lbs. to grams before using the density equation.
I know the basics of how to find these values from a graph, but not sure how to prove that average voltage of half-wave rectifier is peak/pi and rms is peak/2. Same for full-wave rectifier where average is 2peak/pi.
Since a diode passes current in only one direction, only half of the incoming ac wave will reach the rectifier output. Thus, this is a basic half-wave rectifier. The orientation of the diode matters; as shown, it passes only the positive half-cycle of the ac input, so the output voltage contains a positive dc component.he full-wave rectifier passes both halves of the ac cycle to either a positive or negative output. This makes more energy available to the output, without large intervals when no energy is provided at all.