Gray code. The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as Gray code after Frank Gray, is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit). The reflected binary code was originally designed to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches.
Neural tube defects happen when the neural tube does not close as expected. Anencephaly occurs when the end of the neural tube that would have developed into the brain does not close properly, resulting in the failure of the development of major portions of brain, skull and scalp.
Anencephaly: Diagnosis, Causes and Prevention. The three causes believed to result in neural tube defects are the insufficient intake of folic acid, lifestyle habits and maternal illnesses. In the first trimester of pregnancy, organs like the brain, nerves and heart are made from the neural tube.