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Mercury's rotation period is 59 Earth days. Mercury is an inner planet that is also the closest to the sun. Mercury is a small planet with an equatorial diameter of 4,879 kilometers. Mercury's gravity is 38 percent that of the Earth's. Mercury does not have moons associated with it. However, it does have many craters as the result of collisions from asteroids and comets.
Orbit and Rotation of Mercury. The planet with the most eccentric orbit in the Solar System is Mercury. The eccentricity for the planet is 0.21 and its distance from the sun ranges from 46-70 million kilometers. It only takes 88 days for Mercury to orbit around the Sun at 47.8 km/sec (29.7 miles/sec). A typical year on Mercury would take 88 Earth days. Because of Mercuryâs ever changing distance from the sun and its 3:2 spin-orbit resonance the temperature on Mercuryâs surface is complex and varied.