Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure). Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope. Defects within a sheet increase its chemical reactivity.
Proton therapy or proton beam therapy is a medical procedure, a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often in the treatment of cancer.roton therapy's chief advantage over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that as a charged particle the dose is deposited over a narrow range and there is minimal exit dose.
Since prostate cancer treatment side effects can vary widely, it is important to weigh all of your options with your doctor before making a final decision. Treatment for prostate cancer with proton therapy improves the quality of life for prostate cancer patients and survivors. Radiation to the bladder and surrounding areas caused by conventional prostate cancer treatments can cause incontinence. Because proton therapy limits the radiation to the tumor itself, patients have a greater chance of avoiding urinary complications such as involuntary leakage.