Flow Volume Loops. 1  Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) 2  Forced Expiratory Volume after 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5) 3  Forced Expiratory Volume after 1 second (FEV1) 4  Forced Expiratory Volume after 3 seconds (FEV3) 5  Forced Expiratory Volume after 6 seconds (FEV6) 6  Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 7  Forced Expiratory Flow at 25% of FVC (FEF25)
Phantom limb pain (PLP) refers to ongoing painful sensations that seem to be coming from the part of the limb that is no longer there. The limb is gone, but the pain is real. The onset of this pain most often occurs soon after surgery. It can feel like a variety of things, such as burning, twisting, itching or pressure.
Although the limb is no longer there, the nerve endings at the site of the amputation continue to send pain signals to the brain that make the brain think the limb is still there. Sometimes, the brain memory of pain is retained and is interpreted as pain, regardless of signals from injured nerves.uccessful treatment of phantom limb pain is difficult. Treatment is usually determined based on the person's level of pain, and multiple treatments may be combined. Some treatments include: 1  Heat application. 2  Biofeedback to reduce muscle tension. 3  Relaxation techniques.