In 1990, its primary mission over, Voyager 1 was instructed to point its camera at Earth, or the Pale Blue Dot, 6 billion kilometers away. VOYAGER 1 has been beaming data to Earth since 1977. But members of mission control at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), in Pasadena, California, are as excited as ever.
Cause of Elevated A1c Levels. The higher your blood sugar levels and the longer your blood sugar remains high, the more excess sugar is present in the blood and the more opportunities this excess sugar has to bond to hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin A1c is a protein on the surface of red blood cells that sugar molecules stick to, usually for the life of the red blood cell (about three months). The higher the level of glucose in the blood, the higher the level of hemoglobin A1c is detectable on red blood cells. Hemoglobin A1c levels correlate with average levels of glucose in the blood over an approximately three-month time period. Normal ranges for hemoglobin A1c in people without diabetes is about 4% to 5.9%.