The ureters are muscular tubes approximately 30 centimeters long. It exits the kidney at the hilum, comes into close contact with common iliac arteries from the aorta. The ureters pass on the lateral abdominal wall and then enters the pelvis where it joins the urinary bladder, passing a short distance into it.
2. An example of sunk costs in accounting is the book value of existing assets such as fixed assets (e.g., machinery, equipment), inventory, investments, etc. Depreciation, amortization, and impairments also represent sunk costs.he equipment is worth zero. The remaining book value is $2,000 (i.e., $10,000 8 x $1,000). Asset write down (i.e., loss) represents a sunk cost. Even if the company continued using the equipment for the next two years, the remaining $2,000 would still need to be written off as a depreciation expense.
Capital depreciation is based on Statistics Canada estimates. Capital depreciation and interest costs as well as operating and maintenance costs are added for a total life-cycle cost estimate of $15.9 billion in 1993, compared to annual expenditures of $10.8 billion in the same year.7 Using the 10% discount rate recommended by the Treasury Board, as described earlier, only about $2 billion, or 17%, of the proposed $12 billion worth of improvements on the National Highway System were determined to be cost-beneficial.