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(In young eyes in which there is a refractive index difference at the retina-vitreous interface ultrasonography measures the distance between the anterior pole and the anterior surface of the retina.) The axial length of the eye at birth is approximately 17 mm and reaches approximately 24 mm in adulthood.
The young human eye can change focus from distance (infinity) to 6.7 cm from the eye in 350 milliseconds. This dramatic change in focal power of the eye of approximately 15 dioptres (the reciprocal of focal length in metres) occurs as a consequence of a reduction in zonular tension induced by ciliary muscle contraction. The amplitude of accommodation declines with age.