The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland from 1485 until 1603, with five monarchs in that period. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII, descended through his mother from a legit
Unconditioned reinforcers are innately reinforcing. They are called primary reinforcers as they are not dependent on an association with another reinforcer. Conditioned reinforcers, referred to as secondary reinforcers, are dependent on an association with primary reinforcers. They owe their effectiveness directly or indirectly to primary reinforcers (Chance 2008 p 135).
PSYCHOLOGY Positive Punishment Primary & Secondary Reinforcers and Punishers Primary Reinforcers - satisfy biological needs. ex. food, drink, and light Primary Punishers - are naturally unpleasant. ex. pain, heat, cold Secondary Reinforcers - acquire their power (learned) ex. money, praise, good grades Secondary Punishers - can be learned (negative) ex. criticism, demerits, bad grades Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement - think of it as taking something negative away in order to increase a response