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This is termed non-spuriousness, which simply means ânot false.â A spurious or false relationship exists when what appears to be an association between the two variables is actually caused by a third extraneous variable.
This spurious relationship, or false indication of causality, can be diagramed as such: [D] The false indication of causality is the relationship between number of fire trucks dispatched and amount of fire damage. Size of fire is the extraneous, or unrecognized, variable.