Standing orders enable all members of the care team to function to their fullest capacity. In order to be effective, standing orders must be approved by the clinical leadership. Staff members must be trained in our how to use the standing order and must be supervised, so that someone can check to be sure that they are doing it properly.
Owing to the absence of the king and the economic independence of Brazil, Portugal entered a severe political crisis that obliged John VI and the royal family to return to Portugal in 1821. The heir of John VI, Pedro I, remained in Brazil.
In 1580 Philip began the rule of the joint empires of Spain and Portugal. Philip died in 1598 but the joint monarchy of Spain and Portugal continued until 1640 when the Portuguese declared a Portuguese to be the King of Portugal. Philip chose in 1561 to make his capital in the geographic center of his kingdom of Spain and Portugal.