Measuring cup, graduated cylinder, anything that has volumetric markings to tell you how much liquid you have. Or if the liquid has a known density, you can weigh it and determine its volume from mass/density. (You just have to make sure your units are all the same scale--if you weigh in lbs. and have density in grams/cubic centimeters, you have to convert lbs. to grams before using the density equation.
I know the basics of how to find these values from a graph, but not sure how to prove that average voltage of half-wave rectifier is peak/pi and rms is peak/2. Same for full-wave rectifier where average is 2peak/pi.
1 A full-wave rectifier is a circuit that converts both half-cycles of the AC voltage waveform to an unbroken series of voltage pulses of the same polarity. 2  The resulting DC delivered to the load doesnât âpulsateâ as much.he current flow is through two diodes in series for both polarities. Thus, two diode drops of the source voltage are lost (0.7Â·2=1.4 V for Si) in the diodes. This is a disadvantage compared with a full-wave center-tap design.