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With growth rates of 0.3 to 2 centimeters per year for massive corals, and up to 10 centimeters per year for branching corals, it can take up to 10,000 years for a coral reef to form from a group of larvae (Barnes, 1987).lick the image to see an animation. Coral reefs begin to form when free-swimming coral larvae attach to submerged rocks or other hard surfaces along the edges of islands or continents. As the corals grow and expand, reefs take on one of three major characteristic structures fringing, barrier or atoll.
Coral reef locations around the world. Reef-building corals cannot tolerate water temperatures below 64Â° Fahrenheit (18Â° Celsius). Many grow optimally in water temperatures between 73Â° and 84Â° Fahrenheit (23Â°â29Â°Celsius), but some can tolerate temperatures as high as 104Â° Fahrenheit (40Â° Celsius) for short periods. Most reef-building corals also require very saline (salty) water ranging from 32 to 42 parts per thousand. The water must also be clear so that a maximum amount of light penetrates it. This is because most reef-building corals contain photosynthetic algae, called zooxanthellae, which live in their tissues.