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The Bacterial Ribosome. The bacterial ribosome is a cytoplasmic nucleoprotein particle whose main function is to serve as the site of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. The ribosome has a mass of about 2.5 MDa, with RNA accounting for 2/3 of the mass.It consists of two subunits denoted 30S (small subunit) and 50S (large).uring protein synthesis a ribosome moves along an mRNA molecule, reading the codon and adding the correct amino acid (from the corresponding aminoacyl tRNA) to the growing protein. When a stop codon is reached,translation ceases, and the mRNA and protein are released.
They are complexes of proteins and three (prokaryotes) or four (eukaryotes) rRNA molecules called subunits. The main function of ribosomes is as the site of mRNA translation; once the two subunits are joined by the mRNA from the nucleus, the ribosome translates mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids. There are two types of Ribosomes: free and bound.