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Sources of Deep Ocean-Basin Sediments, continued Chemical Deposits When substances that are dissolved in ocean water crystallize, these materials settle to the ocean floor as potato-shaped lumps of minerals called nodules. nodule a lump of minerals that is made of oxides of manganese, iron, copper, or nickel and that is found in scattered groups on the ocean floor Other minerals, such as phosphates, are also carried in the ocean floor before they crystallize and form mineral deposits on the ...
The clay minerals of sedimentary rocks are a good example. Clays are surface minerals, which form as feldspar and mica break down in the conditions at the Earth's surface. With heat and pressure they slowly return to mica and feldspar. Fluids are an important agent of metamorphism.Every rock contains some water, but sedimentary rocks hold the most. First there is the water that was trapped in the sediment as it became rock. Second is the water that is liberated by clay minerals as they change back to feldspar and mica.he foliated rock types that form under these conditions are called schist or gneiss, depending on their texture. Schist is finely foliated whereas gneiss is organized in wide bands of minerals. Contact or Local Metamorphism A type of metamorphism that is important in specific localities is contact metamorphism.