Further, African Americans did not have the freedom to choose where and how to live due to the effects of state-sponsored restrictive covenantsâlegally binding contracts making it illegal to rent, sell, or lease housing to black people (in some regions it included other nonwhites).
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common clinical presentation of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve.Most treatments proposed for NAION are empirical and include a wide range of agents presumed to act on thrombosis, on the blood vessels, or on the disk edema itself.onarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common clinical presentation of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve.
The exact mechanism causing reduced blood flow to the optic nerve in NAION is not proven, but it is known that this condition occurs more often when a patient has conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. Smoking may also elevate the risk of developing NAION.inally, it is called an âoptic neuropathyâ because it is an injury to the optic nerve, which disrupts the ability of eye to send information to the brain. The eye examination for a patient with NAION shows swelling of the optic nerve (arrows), due to injury from. reduced blood flow.