A key process in surfactant secretion is exocytosis of LB, and there have been several ultrastructural observations of lamellar material passing from AT II cells into alveoli (reviewed in ref.
In one general practice sample, costochondritis, also known as costosternal syndrome and anterior chest wall syndrome, was the most common specific cause of anterior musculoskeletal chest pain, with a prevalence of 13%.
Other pul-monary causes of acute chest pain include spontaneouspneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, pneumonitis,bronchitis, and intrathoracic neoplasm.Spontaneous pneumothorax results in sharp chestpain that may radiate to the ipsilateral shoulder.