Magnesium citrate also increases water in the intestines. Magnesium citrate is used as a laxative to treat occasional constipation. Magnesium citrate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medicine if you have other medical conditions, especially: kidney disease;
The properties on the left hold for any base a. The properties on the right are restatements of the general properties for the natural logarithm. Many logarithmic expressions may be rewritten, either expanded or condensed, using the three properties above. Expanding is breaking down a complicated expression into simpler components.
The natural log of e itself, ln(e), is 1, because e 1 = e, while the natural logarithm of 1, ln(1), is 0, since e 0 = 1. The natural logarithm can be defined for any positive real number a as the area under the curve y = 1/x from 1 to a (the area being taken as negative when a < 1).