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The Bacterial Ribosome. The bacterial ribosome is a cytoplasmic nucleoprotein particle whose main function is to serve as the site of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. The ribosome has a mass of about 2.5 MDa, with RNA accounting for 2/3 of the mass.It consists of two subunits denoted 30S (small subunit) and 50S (large).uring protein synthesis a ribosome moves along an mRNA molecule, reading the codon and adding the correct amino acid (from the corresponding aminoacyl tRNA) to the growing protein. When a stop codon is reached,translation ceases, and the mRNA and protein are released.
In eukaryotic cells, the subunits have densities of 60S and 40S. 2. The ribosomes are both attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and free in the cytoplasm. 3. They serve as a workbench for protein synthesis, that is, they receive and translate genetic instructions for the formation of specific proteins or polypeptides.