Thus, the AS procedures were still compatible in factor of safety for concrete members. LF rating procedures usually assign a dead load factor of 1.3 and live load factors of 2.17 (when computing Inventory Ratings) and 1.3 (when computing Operating Ratings).
Of the three rat species found in Hawaii, the black . rat, because of its size and arboreal behavior is considered the greatest threat to native Hawaiian forest birds. Rats also compete with forest birds for food items . such as native snails, insects, fruits, and seeds. Polynesian rats first arrived in Hawai`i with the . Polynesians (approx. 400A.D.) and black and Norway rats arrived with Westerners in the 1780s. Some species of rats can swim over a mile in open water, and can tread water for up to three days. Some species of rats can travel through sewer pipes and dive through water plumbing traps.
The eastern ratsnake varies in color and pattern. Most are striped, but one variant is sometimes referred to as âblack ratsnakeâ because of its mainly black coloration. These snakes are common throughout the eastern US, although the black color variant does not occur in Florida (Figure 3). This snake can be quite large (it may exceed six feet in length) and has slightly keeled scales (raised ridge along the middle of each scale). Its back is almost entirely black (small flecks of whitish color may show through the black), whereas its chin and belly have a lot of white markings (Figure 4).