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Sources of Deep Ocean-Basin Sediments, continued Chemical Deposits When substances that are dissolved in ocean water crystallize, these materials settle to the ocean floor as potato-shaped lumps of minerals called nodules. nodule a lump of minerals that is made of oxides of manganese, iron, copper, or nickel and that is found in scattered groups on the ocean floor Other minerals, such as phosphates, are also carried in the ocean floor before they crystallize and form mineral deposits on the ...
If the magma cools within the Earth it forms large bodies of crystalline rock called plutons or batholiths. These rocks are called intrusive igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers deposited by wind, water or ice. The are the product of the process of weathering. As sedimentary layers are buried they are cemented and lithified. Metamorphic rocks are rocks formed by the action of pressure, temperature and fluids within the Earth. As sediments are deeply buried they are deformed and new minerals recrystallize at the elevated temperatures and pressures to form metamorphic rocks.