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Roman Government. Ancient Rome experienced three different types of government: Monarchy; Republic; Empire; While the myth of Romeâs origins involve Romulus killing his twin brother Remus to rule Rome and name it after himself, we know that the area was ruled by the Etruscans in the seventh century B.C. This means that Rome was under the power of a monarchy in its earliest period, which is a system of government that has one ruler. Evidence points to seven different kings ruling Rome at this time. However, sometime around 509 B.C., the citizens of Rome gained control from the Etruscans and established the Roman Republic.
The Roman system of government might seem a little strange to us, but for them it worked for almost 500 years. The republic was run by the Senate. The senate passed all laws and collected all taxes. All members of the Senate were of the Patrician or wealthy landowner class. At the head of the senate were two consuls. The Consuls controlled the legions of Rome. A senator was selected by the Consuls and remained a senator for life. The Consuls also selected the new members of the Senate if a senator died. To become a consul, you had to be elected by a majority of the popular vote from all citizens of Rome. There was a second part of Roman government, the assembly.