A key process in surfactant secretion is exocytosis of LB, and there have been several ultrastructural observations of lamellar material passing from AT II cells into alveoli (reviewed in ref.
In one general practice sample, costochondritis, also known as costosternal syndrome and anterior chest wall syndrome, was the most common specific cause of anterior musculoskeletal chest pain, with a prevalence of 13%.
One of the more frequent causes of non-cardiac chest pain is chest wall pain or musculoskeletal chest pain -- that is, chest pain related to the muscles and bones of the chest wall. Doctors diagnose chest wall pain in at least 25% of patients who come to the emergency room for chest pain.