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Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Hydronephrosis â literally water inside the kidney â refers to distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney. Untreated, it leads to progressive atrophy of the kidney.
Fluid Buildup in the Kidney Due to Kidney or Ureter Obstruction in Dogs. Hydronephrosis is usually one-sided and occurs secondary to complete or partial obstruction of the kidney or ureter by kidney stones, tumor,... Urolithiasis is a medical term referring to the presence of stones or crystals in an animal's urinary tract.