A key process in surfactant secretion is exocytosis of LB, and there have been several ultrastructural observations of lamellar material passing from AT II cells into alveoli (reviewed in ref.
In one general practice sample, costochondritis, also known as costosternal syndrome and anterior chest wall syndrome, was the most common specific cause of anterior musculoskeletal chest pain, with a prevalence of 13%.
Costochondritis is inflammation of the junctions where the upper ribs join the cartilage that holds them to the breastbone (sternum). Costochondritis causes localized chest wall pain and tenderness that can be reproduced by pushing on the involved cartilage in the front of the rib cage. Overall, costochondritis is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal chest pain. 2  While chest pain can represent heart disease and heart attack, inflammation around the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis), costochondritis is also considered as a possible diagnosis in adults with chest pain.