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|. International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a model used for the standardization of aircraft instruments. It was established, with tables of values over a range of altitudes, to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure. Flying in ISA-plus temperatures will have a negative impact on aircraft performance.
Standard temperature and pressure, abbreviated STP, refers to nominal conditions in the atmosphere at sea level. This value is important to physicists, chemists, engineers, and pilots and navigators. Standard temperature is defined as zero degrees Celsius (0 0 C), which translates to 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32 0 F) or 273.15 degrees kelvin (273.15 0 K). This is essentially the freezing point of pure water at sea level, in air at standard pressure. Standard pressure supports 760 millimeters in a mercurial barometer (760 mmHg). This is about 29.9 inches of mercury, and represents approximately 14.7 pounds per inch (14.7 lb/in 2). Imagine a column of air measuring one inch square, extending straight up into space beyond the atmosphere.