The incision, which can be done at a 90 degree angle from the vulva towards the anus or at an angle from the posterior end of the vulva (medio-lateral episiotomy), is performed under local anesthetic (pudendal anesthesia), and is sutured closed after delivery.
Hamstring hyperextension can occur during exercise and stretching. The hamstrings are a group of muscles found at the back of the thigh. Three muscles are in this group: the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus. The function of these muscles is to bend the knee and to extend the hip. It is common for these muscles to become hyperextended and injured.
Hyperlordosis due to muscle imbalance involves four sets of muscles, two sets of which are too tight and two sets which are weak and need tightening: the trunk extensors and hip flexors (particularly the iliopsoas muscles) need stretching, and the abdominal muscles and hip extensors (primarily the hamstrings and gluteus maximus) need strengthening.