The incision, which can be done at a 90 degree angle from the vulva towards the anus or at an angle from the posterior end of the vulva (medio-lateral episiotomy), is performed under local anesthetic (pudendal anesthesia), and is sutured closed after delivery.
Hamstring hyperextension can occur during exercise and stretching. The hamstrings are a group of muscles found at the back of the thigh. Three muscles are in this group: the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus. The function of these muscles is to bend the knee and to extend the hip. It is common for these muscles to become hyperextended and injured.
A hamstring injury is a strain or tear to one or more of the three large muscles at the back of the thigh (or their tendons at the back of the knee). It is a common and painful sports injury, particularly in exercises involving running and jumping, or with sudden stopping and starting.