The first type of telescope to be built was the refractor. It uses a lens to bend, or refract, light rays to a focus. Glasswork matured in Europe in the 16th Century and by the end of the century artisans had learned how to grind convex lenses that could magnify an image.
Please choose PRINT from your browser menu. Close Window. Lumps and Bumps on the Outside of the Foot. Written By: Dr. Kirk A. Koepsel, D.P.M. Description. There are a few causes of lumps, bumps or prominence on the outside of the foot. Some of these are just normal anatomy; others are due to abnormal processes. Starting from the fifth toe and working back to the heel: A common prominence on the fifth toe is due to the formation of a hammertoe.
One of the most common causes of pain on the outside of the foot is peroneal tendonitis. A simple taping that you can do yourself can often reduce tension on the peroneal tendon enough to relieve pain, at least temporarily. This video shows proper technique for taping for peroneal tendon pain.