Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.. The CPI generally defines corruption as the misuse of public power for private benefit..
The Vehicle Born Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED) is but the latest such incarnation of a very old theme - but with a deadly, sometime mass destructive force. The DHS defines this as a potential weapon of mass destruction.
VQPRD is a sparkling wine that can be made by injecting the wine with gas in the traditional champagne, charmat, transfer method anywhere in Portugal. Espumoso is the cheapest and lowest level of sparkling wine, made by injecting the wine with CO2.