Data gathered in the study, however, overwhelmingly contradict the conclusions of the authors. Violent crime rates are, in fact, drastically higher in sanctuary cities than their non-sanctuary counterparts, as is evidenced by the chart the authors used to delineate their conclusion.
The inverse square law proposed by Newton suggests that the force of gravity acting between any two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the object's centers. Altering the separation distance (d) results in an alteration in the force of gravity acting between the objects.
An article and research paper describe a fast, seemingly magical way to compute the inverse square root (1/sqrt(x)), used in the game Quake. I'm no graphics expert, but appreciate why square roots are useful. The Pythagorean theorem computes distance between points, and dividing by distance helps normalize vectors.