Since summer (and other seasons) can begin and end on different days each year on the astronomical calendar, it can be hard to compare seasons from year to year in this way. To standardize the length and start of the seasons, in meteorology, the 12 months of the year have been split up into four, 3-month periods. Therefore, in the meteorological calendar, summer includes the months of June, July and August - always starting on 1 June and ending on 31 August.
NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation. NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation.
A Closer Look at the Calvin Cycle. The ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle. In the animation of the Calvin cycle, three molecules of CO 2 are added to three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a 5-carbon sugar already present in the stroma. We now have a total of eighteen carbons in the cycle (three from CO 2 and fifteen from the three molecules of RuBP).