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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Today, scientists use spectroscopy to find the chemical composition of stars. They can even find other information, such as the surface temperature, age, speed of rotation, strength of magnetic field, and the speed of the star towards the Earth or away from the Earth.