Speaking roughly, normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are in the range of 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L. However, each laboratory and test manufacturer identifies its own normal TSH range.
This pressure is typically set slightly higher than atmospheric pressure to prevent atelectasis, decrease inspiratory work of breathing, or improve gas exchange depending on the clinical scenario. This positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is generated by a resistor in the exhalation port of the ventilator (Fig. 2).
Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used primarily in the treatment of sleep apnea. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, and in newborn infants (neonates).