Two systems are said to be in chemical equilibrium with each other when their chemical potentials are same. 3) Thermal equilibrium: When the system is in mechanical and chemical equilibrium and there is no spontaneous change in any of its properties, the system is said to be in thermal equilibrium.
While scientists have known for some time that genetics play a role in alcoholism and other addictions, they also understand the tendency to be dependent on alcohol is more complicated than the simple presence or absence of any one gene.
This is when Johnson gets interesting. He writes: The descendants of hunter-gatherers-like many Native Americans or Australian Aborigines-were never forced through this genetic bottleneck, and so today they show disproportionate rates of alcoholism.