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A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (at IBM Zuerich), zÃ¼rich The Nobel prize In physics in. 1986he resolution of an image is limited by the radius of curvature of the scanning tip of the STM. Additionally, image artifacts can occur if the tip has two tips at the end rather than a single atom; this leads to âdouble-tip imaging,â a situation in which both tips contribute to the tunneling.
He coined the term âcellâ when looking at a piece of cork under 30x magnification. In the late 1660s, Antony van Leeuwenhoek began to grind his own lenses and make simple microscopes. Each microscope was really a powerful magnifying glass rather than a compound microscope. Leeuwenhoekâs hand-ground lenses could magnify an object up to 200 times! He observed animal and plant tissue, sperm cells and blood cells, minerals, fossils, and much more. He also discovered nematodes and rotifers (microscopic animals), and he discovered bacteria while looking at samples of plaque from his own and othersâ teeth. 1700-1800s: Not much change in the basic microscope design occurred, but better lenses were crafted (using purer glass and different shapes) to solve problems like color distortion and poor image resolution.