The first type of telescope to be built was the refractor. It uses a lens to bend, or refract, light rays to a focus. Glasswork matured in Europe in the 16th Century and by the end of the century artisans had learned how to grind convex lenses that could magnify an image.
Please choose PRINT from your browser menu. Close Window. Lumps and Bumps on the Outside of the Foot. Written By: Dr. Kirk A. Koepsel, D.P.M. Description. There are a few causes of lumps, bumps or prominence on the outside of the foot. Some of these are just normal anatomy; others are due to abnormal processes. Starting from the fifth toe and working back to the heel: A common prominence on the fifth toe is due to the formation of a hammertoe.
If the outside of your foot hurts, it is usually due to one of about 8 different conditions that affect the outside of the foot near the 5th metatarsal (long bone behind little toe) bone. Sometimes the pain is found a bit more on top of the foot. Causes of Pain on the Outside of the Foot. Listed below are the most common causes of pain on the outside of the foot. Use the links to read more and learn how to best treat pain in this area (remember you should see a physician to accurately diagnosis your problem).