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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Optical spectroscopy is the science that is concerned with the interaction of optical electromagnetic radiation with matter. In many cases, this interaction involves specific transitions between energy levels (states) and is experimentally observed by the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation.In these types of interaction, the radiation is considered to be composed of discrete packets of energy called photons.he magnitude of the optical signal as a function of wavelength encodes the chemical information about the species. Two systems describe such intensities: the radiometric system, which is now almost exclusively used in optical spectroscopy, and the photometric system, which is based upon the response of the human eye.