Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.
In an ELISPOT assay, the membrane surfaces in a 96-well PVDF-membrane microtiter plate are coated with capture antibody that binds a specific epitope of the cytokine being assayed.ypically 200,000 - 400,000 PBMC will be used per well for an assay, but up to one million cells are commonly used for detection of rare events. ELISPOT is capable of detecting a single antigen positive cell within this population, giving it a theoretical low limit of detection of one in one million cells.
A positive externality (also called external benefit or external economy or beneficial externality) is the positive effect an activity imposes on an unrelated third party. Similar to a negative externality, it can arise either on the production side, or on the consumption side.Examples of positive production externalities include: 1  A beekeeper who keeps the bees for their honey. 2  A side effect or externality associated with such activity is the pollination of surrounding crops by the bees. negative externality (also called external cost or external diseconomy) is an economic activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated third party. It can arise either during the production or the consumption of a good or service.