Since summer (and other seasons) can begin and end on different days each year on the astronomical calendar, it can be hard to compare seasons from year to year in this way. To standardize the length and start of the seasons, in meteorology, the 12 months of the year have been split up into four, 3-month periods. Therefore, in the meteorological calendar, summer includes the months of June, July and August - always starting on 1 June and ending on 31 August.
NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation. NADPH or NADP plus stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADPH is created in the Stoma on the duration of light reactions accumulation.
All the reactions of photosynthesis that are directly dependent upon light are known as the light reactions. The light reactions occur in the part of the cell known as the thylakoids (Stacks of thylakoids are known as grana.). Many chlorophyll molecules are found embedded into the membranes of the thylakoids. The purpose of the light reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP & NADPH. ATP & NADPH are energy carriers. They carry energy to the 2nd part of photosynthesis, known as the dark reactions.