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Quick Answer. Endometrial hyperplasia is an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The condition usually develops during menopause and perimenopause when ovulation is irregular or absent. It can also occur in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome or obesity.
Menstruation is controlled by two hormones namely estrogen and progesterone. When there is imbalance between these hormones or if there is excess secretion of estrogen hormone, it causes abnormal thickening of cellular lining of the uterus, which we refer to as thickened endometrium. 1  Most of the time, abnormal endometrial thickening is non cancerous, unless the hisopathological test suggests its cancerous nature.