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According to the Mayo Clinic, the pathophysiology of a urinary tract infection is that bacteria enter the urinary tract and start to multiply. This causes symptoms including a frequent urge to urinate and burning upon passing urine.
In addition to a comprehensive history and physical examination, the signs that a doctor may look for in evaluating for urinary tract infection may include: 1  tenderness on the flanks immediately below the lowest rib (costo-vertebral angle tenderness), 2  fever, 3  physical evidence of dehydration, and.  a rapid heart rate.