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In neurophysiology Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization.Hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K+ (a cation) through K+ channels, or influx of Clâ (an anion) through Clâ channels. On the other hand, influx of cations, e.g. Na+ through Na+ channels or Ca2+ through Ca2+ channels, inhibits hyperpolarization.t is the opposite of a depolarization. Hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K+ (a cation) through K+ channels, or influx of Clâ (an anion) through Clâ channels. On the other hand, influx of cations, e.g. Na+ through Na+ channels or Ca2+ through Ca2+ channels, inhibits hyperpolarization.
The depolarization can drive the membrane potential as high as +50 mV, that is, close to the Nernst potential for Na. Eventually, though, the Na channels close and the membrane potential starts to repolarize - that is, heads towards it resting value. In addition, additional potassium channels open allowing K+ ions to exit the cell. This contributes to the repolarization phase. The addition K channels stay open even when the membrane potential reaches the resting level. So, the potential goes even more negative than resting. This is hyperpolarization.