A method is a function that is a member of an object. A property is a value or set of values (in the form of an array or object) that is a member of an object. JavaScript supports four kinds of objects: Intrinsic objects, such as Array and String. Objects you create. Host objects, such as window and document.
Definition of reductive for English Language Learners. : dealing with or describing something complicated in a simple or too simple way.
The fallacy is in the argument that could be reduced to absurdity -- so in essence, reductio ad absurdum is a technique to expose the fallacy. Assume P is true. From this assumption, deduce that Q is true. Also deduce that Q is false. Thus, P implies both Q and not Q (a contradiction, which is necessarily false).