The beginning of the amazing events at Krakatoa in 1883 date to May 20 when there were initial rumblings and venting from the volcano, which had been dormant for about 200 years.
A refinery margin is the revenue associated with refining petroleum, expressed as a value per volume (e.g. $/L), net of the cost of the crude oil input. The simplest refining
The ability to better handle heavy crudes or heavy bottom streams enhances the economic potential of most refineries and oil fields. Refineries with the flexibility to meet the increasing product specifications for refined fuels will continue to show positive profit margins. Upgrading