The costs per ton mile were computed by dividing the 2002 data for the total costs of shipping freight in each of the four modes by the total ton miles shipped for each of the four modes. The total costs for shipping freight in 2002 are provided in a Department of Transportation study. Click here to go to this study.
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. diagonal relationship exists between the behavior of magnesium and scandium, just as there is between beryllium and aluminium. In the chemical compounds of the elements in group 3, the predominant oxidation state is +3.
There are 17 elements that are considered to be rare earth elementsâ15 elements in the lanthanide series and two additional elements that share similar chemical properties. They are listed below in order of atomic number (Z): Scandium or Sc (21). Scandium, a silvery-white metal, is a non-lanthanide rare earth.his silver-white metal is one of the most reactive rare earth elements. It is used to make special optical glasses, including infrared absorbing glass, camera and telescope lenses, and can also be used to make steel more malleable. Other applications for lanthanum include wastewater treatment and petroleum refining.