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The Probable Cause Exception. Police may search a vehicle if there is probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence of criminal activity. For example, if a car interior smells like marijuana, the police can search the vehicle. Under this exception, the police can search the car trunk or containers where contraband could be found.
Basically, when police arrest someone, they can do a limited searchâwithout a warrantâto ensure officer safety or obtain evidence related to the arrest. The safety justification, however, is valid only if the arrestee is within reaching distance of the car when police conduct the search.