APA style. APA Style is a writing style and format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
A pain doctor, also called a pain specialist or pain management specialist, is a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who specializes in pain medicine.
Primary care physicians often are the first to treat patients who experience pain. These doctors (e.g., family practitioners, internists, pediatricians) play an important role in pain management, and often work with pain management specialists as part of a medical team.ain medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of pain. Pain doctors specialize in the management of pain as a symptom of disease (eudynia) and primary pain disorders (maldynia).