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Are marginal costs fixed or variable costs? Marginal costs are a function of both fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs of production are considered the costs that occur on a regular basis such as rent or employees' salaries. By contrast, a variable cost is one that changes based on output and production costs. For example, a country club with a swimming pool may spend more money on chlorine in the summer months. Marginal costs are defined as the overall change in price when a buyer increases the amount purchased by one unit.
The average variable cost (AVC) curve will go down (but will not be as steep as the marginal cost), and then go up. This will not go up as fast as the marginal cost curve. The average fixed cost (AFC) curve will decline as additional units are produced, and continue to decline.The average total cost (ATC) curve initially will decline as fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units, but will go up as marginal costs increase due to the law of diminishing returns.The graph below illustrates the shapes of these curves.Figure 3.8: Cost Curves.he average total cost (ATC) curve initially will decline as fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units, but will go up as marginal costs increase due to the law of diminishing returns. The graph below illustrates the shapes of these curves.Figure 3.8: Cost Curves.