The mixture of molten rock, crystals and dissolved gases from the mantle is called magma. When magma erupts to the Earth's surface, it is called lava. Not all volcanic eruptions happen near the boundaries of tectonic plates. Some eruptions happen in the middle of the plates.These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.ome eruptions happen in the middle of the plates. These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.
Burst Fracture of the Lumbar Spine. General Considerations. Burst fractures result from axial loading most often secondary to motor vehicle accidents and falls. The axial load drives the intervertebral disk into vertebral body below. Usually produces a comminuted, vertical fracture through the vertebral body.
As mentioned, occasionally an unstable burst fracture can be treated with bracing alone. Without neurologic deficit, but with an unstable spine, a posterior procedure may be performed. Surgery for burst fractures may be performed from either an anterior (front) or posterior (back) approach. This means that the surgeon makes an incision in the back of the spine in order to place rods, screws and hooks in order to hold the spine in place.