Chemical energy is a potential form of energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. If bonds are broken, the energy is released, and if bonds are formed, energy is absorbed. Thermal energy is often referred to as heat energy.
Nephrolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone formation) is a common condition with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in men and 5% in women.
Kidney disease. Kidney disease, also known as nephropathy or renal disease, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is inflammatory kidney disease. Nephrosis is noninflammatory kidney disease. Kidney disease usually causes kidney failure to some degree, with the amount depending on the type of disease. In precise usage, disease denotes the structural and causal disease entity[clarification needed] whereas failure denotes the impaired kidney function.