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The following are some known causes of pulmonary hypertension: 1  The diet drug fen-phen.. Although the appetite suppressant fen-phen (dexfenfluramine and phentermine) has been taken off the market, former fen-phen users have a 23-fold increase risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, possibly years later.
In severe cases, pulmonary hypertension can lead to the complete inability of the heart to pump blood to the lungs, right heart failure or death. All of these factors contribute to life expectancy among PH patients, without treatment, of 2.8 years on average.