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is equivalent to a pure resistance. (E5C12) '''The coordinate system that is often used to display the resistive, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance components of an impedance is rectangular coordinates.''' (E5C13) The coordinate system that is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive and/or capacitive reactance is polar coordinates. (E5C14)
When a circuit is driven with direct current (DC), there is no distinction between impedance and resistance; the latter can be thought of as impedance with zero phase angle. The notion of impedance is useful for performing AC analysis of electrical networks, because it allows relating sinusoidal voltages and currents by a simple linear law.