Possible Cause #2-prime: Stack Exhaustion due to Heap or general memory exhaustion. In the process memory map, heap and stack grow towards each other. If they collide, this too can cause a segmentation fault on either the heap allocation or the next stack allocation. It is also possible to exhaust all of physical memory + swap space with an application. Remember, with a 64 bit application, your VIRTUAL memory is practically unlimited.
An orthopedic doctor is a board certified M.D. who specializes in problems - from head to toes - of the musculoskeletal system. This includes, of course, the spine. An orthopedist might address conditions such as ruptured discs, scoliosis or other types of neck or low back pain. Some of the procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons can also be done by neurosurgeons (see below.) Examples of such surgeries include spinal fusion, discectomies and more.
A herniated disk is a disk that ruptures. This allows the jelly-like center of the disk to leak, irritating the nearby nerves. This can cause sciatica or back pain. Your doctor will diagnose a herniated disk with a physical exam and, sometimes, imaging tests. With treatment, most people recover. Treatments include rest, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.