Fried calamari. In the culinary arts, calamari is a recipe prepared with squid, usually (but not always) battered and deep-fried. Calamari is the Italian word for squid (singular: calamaro), and recipes for fried calamari are found in a number of Mediterranean cuisines.
Psychosurgery is the treatment of a psychiatric disorder using surgical techniques to destroy brain tissue and is now rarely used. It is a last-resort treatment for extreme, debilitating, psychiatric disorders.
The first systematic attempt at psychosurgery is commonly attributed to the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt who operated on six patients in 1888. In 1889 Thomas Claye Shaw reported mental improvement in a case of General Paralysis of the Insane after a neurosurgical intervention.