Chemical energy is a potential form of energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. If bonds are broken, the energy is released, and if bonds are formed, energy is absorbed. Thermal energy is often referred to as heat energy.
Nephrolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone formation) is a common condition with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in men and 5% in women.
Nephrolithiasis Symptoms. Usually, kidney stones do not cause symptoms unless they block the flow of urine. Pain is the most common symptom of a kidney stone that has blocked the flow or urine. The pain usually starts suddenly and quickly becomes severe. The pain often begins in the back or flank and spreads to the groin on one side.