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Epiglottic entrapment is a less common laryngeal disorder that causes respiratory noise and exercise intolerance in horses.More common causes include laryngeal hemiplegia, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia or dorsal displacement of the soft palate.linical signs. Clinical signs of epiglottic entrapment include inspiratory and expiratory respiratory noise during exercise and poor exercise performance. Less common signs include cough, nasal discharge, and head shaking.
internal carotid artery arteritis. parasitic arteritis of the external carotid artery as it courses around the edge of the guttural pouch may lead to copious nasal bleeding in horses when the artery ruptures. internal elastic membrane. a condensation of elastic fibers separating the tunica intima from the tunica media. internal environment. within the animal; includes blood pressure, circulating blood volume, tissue fluid volume, blood sugar level, tidal air volume, glomerular filtration rate.