Authoritarian regimes are also sometimes subcategorized by whether they are personalistic or populist. Personalistic authoritarian regimes are characterized by arbitrary rule and authority exercised mainly through patronage networks and coercion rather than through institutitions and formal rules..
Fluid accumulation is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the middle ear, especially in children. Major causes are ear infections or conditions that block the eustachian tube, such as allergies or tumors.
A conductive hearing loss exists when there is an abnormality in the middle or outer ear but the inner ear (cochlea) functions normally. This causes sound to be attenuated before it reaches the inner ear. This type of loss often can be treated with either medication or surgery.