What Is a Policy Cycle? First, what is a policy? We know that a policy and procedure are two distinct entities. According to the dictionary, policy is a âdefinite course or method of action selected from alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisionsâ.
Steel and metal industry. 1  The German steel and metal industry includes the steel, non-ferrous metals, foundry and steel and metal working industries. 2  As a result of its innovative capabilities and high-quality products, the German steel industry has established itself as a leading producer in the European Union.
In Italy a shortage of coal led the steel industry to specialize in the use of hydro-electrical energy, exploiting ideas pioneered by Ernesto Stassano from 1898. Despite periods of innovation (1907-14), growth (1915-18), and consolidation (1918-22), early expectations were only partly realized.