Bruising or discoloration, Cold feet, Cold hands and Fatigue. WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms bruising or discoloration, cold feet, cold hands and fatigue including Bruise or contusion, Raynaud phenomenon, and Hematoma.
The approximate blood volume of a rat is 55-70 ml/kg of body weight. For a 300 g rat this is equivalent to 17-21 ml (5). Single sample: Without fluid replacement, the maximum blood volume which can be safely removed for a one time sample is 10% of the total blood volume or 5.5-7 ml/kg.
By determining the recipientâs blood volume and knowing the animalâs PCV, the required replacement RBC volume can be calculated. For example, a 25-kg dog has a total blood volume of ~2,000 mL; with a PCV of 15%, the RBC volume is 300 mL; if the PCV is to be increased to 20%, that equals an RBC volume of 400 mL. Therefore, 100 mL of RBCs or 200 mL of whole blood (with PCV of 50%) would be required to increase the recipientâs PCV to the desired level. These calculations assume no ongoing losses of RBCs through hemorrhage or hemolysis.