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is equivalent to a pure resistance. (E5C12) '''The coordinate system that is often used to display the resistive, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance components of an impedance is rectangular coordinates.''' (E5C13) The coordinate system that is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive and/or capacitive reactance is polar coordinates. (E5C14)
In the case of direct current (DC), impedance is the same as resistance, and depends solely upon the materials from which the circuit is made. For an alternating current (AC), however, two additional factors can contribute to the impedance: capacitance and inductance. Together these are known as reactance, which is a measure of opposition to a change in current that depends on its frequency, and on the components of the circuit. Alternating current is constantly changing direction, and does so at a given frequency, which is measured in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second.