The second carbon is connected to the amino group. Amino means there is an NH 2 group bonded to the carbon atom. In the image, you see a + and a -. Those positive and negative signs are there because, in amino acids, one hydrogen atom moves to the other end of the molecule. An extra H gives you a positive charge.
Ranges of normal estrogen levels are measured in parts pg/ml of estradiol. In normal reproductive age women, during the menstrual cycle, estradiol levels range from 50-400 pg/ml. The actual normal level of estrogen varies during different parts of the menstrual cycle. In menopause, the general range may be 10-20 pg/ml.
DHEA-S is an androgen that is secreted by the adrenal gland. It is normal for women to have DHEA-S levels anywhere between 35-430 ug/dl. Most women with PCOS tend to have DHEA-S levels greater than 200 ug/dl. Prolactin. Prolactin is a pituitary hormone that stimulates and sustains milk production in nursing mothers. Prolactin levels are usually normal in women with PCOS, generally less than 25 ng/ml.