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2.Examples of density dependent factors are food, shelter, predation, competition, and diseases while examples of density independent factors are natural calamities like floods, fires, tornados, droughts, extreme temperatures, and the disturbance of the habitat of living organisms.
Direct density dependence, where the population growth rate or gain rates vary as a negative function of N, or the loss rates vary as a positive function of N, is necessary but not always sufficient for population regulation.