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For the former town of Hamilton in western New York, see Olean (town), New York. Hamilton is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 6,690 at the 2010 census. The town is named after American patriot Alexander Hamilton. The Town of Hamilton contains a village also named Hamilton, the site of Colgate University. The village is on the county's border.
White Pine County was established in 1869 from Lander County and named after the heavy growth of Limber Pine trees in the area which were at the time called white pine. Hamilton was the first county seat from 1869 to 1887 when it was replaced after a fire by Ely. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 8,897 square miles (23,040 km 2), of which 8,876 square miles (22,990 km 2) is land and 21 square miles (54 km 2) (0.2%) is water.