Scientists are studying bats and their use of echolocation to learn more about how bats process information to understand and adapt to the world around them. Echoes of hunting They detect and catch their targets through echolocation, or biosonar, the animal equivalent--and precursor--to man-made sonars. How to see what whales hear: biomedical imaging reveals new insights into marine mammal ears
The faster repolarization of the cardiac action potential causes the tenting of the T waves, and the inactivation of sodium channels causes a sluggish conduction of the electrical wave around the heart, which leads to smaller P waves and widening of the QRS complex.
However, a negative T wave is normal in lead aVR. Lead V1 may have a positive, negative, or biphasic T wave. In addition, it is not uncommon to have an isolated negative T wave in lead III, aVL, or aVF. * Inverted (or negative) T waves can be a sign of coronary ischemia, Wellens syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, or CNS disorder. * Tall or tented symmetrical T waves may indicate hyperkalemia. Flat T waves may indicate coronary ischemia or hypokalemia.