Over one lakh people have applied for a one-way trip to Mars, as a part of the ambitious $6 bn dollar project that aims to colonise the Red planet starting in 2022. Here are 10 things you should know before you decide to travel to Mars.
A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs. A spirometer measures ventilation, the movement of air into and out of the lungs. The spirogram will identify two different types of abnormal ventilation patterns, obstructive and restrictive.
The water-seal spirometer is a counterweighted bell inverted into a water reservoir; the bell rises and falls as the patient breathes. Its motion moves either a transducer or a pen that records volume data on calibrated chart paper mounted on a rotating drum (kymograph). The low-friction water seal and counterweight limit resistance and back pressure so that the measurement itself does not adversely affect the patientâs response. In the second type, a dry rolling seal is used instead of water between the bell and its surrounding cylinder. Rolling-seal spirometers are often mounted horizontally to eliminate the need for a counterweight and to minimize the effect of gravity. The âwaterlessâ or Stead-Wells dry-seal spirometer combines the water- and rolling-seal concepts.