The suggested dietary target is equivalent to the 90th centile of intake in the Australian and New Zealand populations, to be attained by replacing nutrient-poor, energy-dense foods and drinks with plenty of red-yellow vegetables and fruits, moderate amounts of reduced-fat dairy foods and small amounts of vegetable oils.
Iâm sure most economists would accept the existence of externalities, both negative and positive. If there are negative and positive externalities, there is a clear argument that this will lead to market failure. For example: 1  Positive externalities and market failure.2  Negative externalities and market failure. would argue that health care is a clear case of a service which has a strong positive externality. If you look at standards of public health in the Ninenteenth Century, death rates were much higher. It is in everyoneâs interest to provide a minimum level of public health because everyone benefits.
Let me start with a quick recap of the whole externality deal, in bullet-point form: 1  Externalities are side effects in a market, i.e. costs and benefits that accrue to people who neither produce or consume a product. For example, pollution is an externality because I am affected by pollution from factories even when I neither produce nor consume the products that they make.â. Moreover, I am not sure we have a useful definition of âpollutionâ â but I will leave that for another day.