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5. In terms of investment strategies, equity (stocks) is one of the principal asset classes. The other two are fixed-income (bonds) and cash/cash-equivalents. These are used in asset allocation planning to structure a desired risk and return profile for an investor's portfolio.
The financial industry breaks mutual funds into large categories â called asset classes. Some of the most common asset classes are explained in the graph below. Asset allocation refers to the way an individual investor divides money between these asset classes â and between other non-mutual fund investment options if applicable.