Apple scab first appears as small, olive-colored lesions on the undersides of the leaves. As the fungus spreads, the top sides of the leaves develop lesions, as well, that may become black or mottled with defined edges. Severely infected trees may become defoliated by mid-summer, making the tree vulnerable to other diseases. The fruit develop black or brown scabs or soft areas.
cytosis. [ 1 sÄ«tÅâ²sis] 2  a condition in which there is a greater than normal number of cells in a tissue or organ.
The term cytokine is derived from a combination of two Greek words - cyto meaning cell and kinos meaning movement. Cytokines are cell signalling molecules that aid cell to cell communication in immune responses and stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, infection and trauma. Cytokines exist in peptide, protein and glycoprotein (proteins with a sugar attached) forms.