In this lecture we show that the concepts of controllability and observability are. related to linear systems of algebraic equations. It is well known that a solvable. system of linear algebraic equations has a solution if and only if the rank of the. system matrix is full . Observability and controllability tests will be connected to. the rank tests of ceratin matrices: the controllability and observability matrices.
Here are the standardized sizes in volume for coffee cups and the mug which are used in cafe shops and restaurants (theirs size in different locations can slightly vary). Typically, reflecting common sizes of ceramic and takeaway paper cups, they are: 1  the small cup holds 8 fl oz-fluid ounces.
Creating the Mug. Every stoneware coffee mug starts out the same, as a lump of unfinished clay. How much clay is needed depends on the size of the mug. A small 8-ounce mug will need less than a pound of clay while larger mugs tend to need anywhere from a pound to almost two pounds. After the right amount of clay is measured out, itâs placed on a potterâs wheel to be shaped.