Hematopoeisis is adversely affected, most notably in itai-itai disease where severe anemia is observed, in association with marked suppression of erythropoietin production . Hemolysis may also be a factor in producing Cd-associated anemia, which may produce iron-deficient indices despite increased body Fe stores resulting from hemolysis and increased duodenal Fe absorption .
Welding apprentices learn the full range of manual, semiautomatic and automatic welding processes in the shipyard's welding school. They use a wide range of metals and welding processes to perform structural and pipe welds in all phases of ship construction.
Many trade and vocational schools offer welding courses as well, covering both traditional methods and newer technologies. AWS certification doesn't favor either approach. Welding certification is a pure meritocracy: Show up at the test site, prove you can do the job to appropriate standards, and you'll receive certification. The certification is good for one year but will be automatically renewed as long as you work in the same type of welding and submit documentary proof at six-month intervals.