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18.1 Introduction to UARTS. UARTs (U niversal A synchronous R eceiver T ransmitter) are serial chips on your PC motherboard (or on an internal modem card). The UART function may also be done on a chip that does other things as well. On older computers like many 486's, the chips were on the disk IO controller card.
When PCs all had parallel bus architecture, the UART's purpose was to convert bytes from the PC's parallel bus to a serial bit-stream. The cable going out of the serial port is serial and has only one wire for each direction of flow. The serial port sends out a stream of bits, one bit at a time.