Aspartame is the most controversial food additive in history, and its approval for use in food was the most contested in FDA history. In the end, the artificial sweetener was approved, not on scientific grounds, but rather because of strong political and financial pressure.
The arterioles then divide further into capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and their walls are only one cell thick which allows diffusion between the blood and cells to occur. Nutrients and oxygen from the blood diffuses through the capillary walls into the tissues that need it. This is aided by the relatively high blood pressure that also squeezes the oxygen and nutrients through the capillary wall and into the cells of the tissue.
The alveoli and capillaries both have very thin walls, which allow the oxygen to pass from the alveoli to the blood. The capillaries then connect to larger blood vessels, called veins, which bring the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.