The B-series features engine bores machined directly into the block (rather than the wet liners used on earlier Cummins engines). It was also set apart by the use of a shallow one-piece head, requiring closer tolerances than in other Cummins products.
The fifth frontier war, also known as the War of Nxele, initially developed from a 1817 judgment by the Cape Colony government about stolen cattle and their restitution by the Xhosa.n the Xhosa side, the Ngqika (known to the Europeans as the Gaika) were the chief tribe engaged in the war, assisted by portions of the Ndlambe, and the Thembu. The Xhosa forces were over ten times greater in number, and had by this time replaced their traditional weapons with modern firearms.
While World War I on the Western Front developed into trench warfare, the battle lines on the Eastern Front were much more fluid and trenches never truly developed. This was because the greater length of the front ensured that the density of soldiers in the line was lower so the line was easier to break.