PARTICIPIAL PHRASE. Present participles, verbals ending in-ing, and past participles, verbals that end in-ed (for regular verbs) or other forms (for irregular verbs), are combined with complements and modifiers and become part of important phrasal structures.Participial phrases always act as adjectives.ometimes part of the noun phrase is delayed until the end of the sentence so that that portion of the phrase (usually modifying phrases  participial or prepositional) can receive end weight or focus.
Insect borers often attack trees that are weakened or damaged by other causes. In some cases, borers and plant pathogens are associated with the same canker. Leaf drop Leaf drop is generally caused by plant pathogens or environmental problems.
Leaf curling in apple trees is often the result of an insect infestation. There are several pests and diseases that can cause the leaves of your apple tree to curl and drop prematurely. Most insect pests that attack the leaves of apple trees only cause cosmetic damage and only threaten the health of immature trees. Molds and bacterial infections often present a more serious threat that can damage or kill your apple trees. Aphids There are two main species of aphids that can cause your apple tree leaves to curl. The green and rosy apple aphids rely on leaves and young shoots as their primary food source. As they feed, these insects cause the leaves of the tree to roll inward.