collegium musicum. a group of usually amateur musicians, often connected with a university, who meet to study and perform chiefly old or little-known music.
Spores and Sporangium. Ferns differ from flowering plants and trees because they do not produce seeds. Instead, ferns reproduce using spores. The sporangium is the structure responsible for producing and releasing spores. Sporangium form in many different ways, sometimes appearing as brown fruitdots on the undersides of leaves. Others grow as slender stalks up from the plant. When the sporangia burst, the wind carries spores to new ground, where they form reproductive structures that, if fertilized, will grow into a new fern.
When fern spores germinate, they grow into a heart-shaped gametophyte. Both sperm and eggs are formed on each gametophyte and thus they are bisexual. Antheridia, the male sperm bearing organs, form first; then the archegonia, the female egg bearing organs are formed.The archegonia are located near the cleft of the gametophyte while the antheridia are found in more spherical structures located toward the base.he zygote resulting from the fusion of sperm and egg is nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte for a short time. The sporophyte then becomes leaf-like and the gametophyte disappears. Reproduction is complete when the fronds of the growing sporophyte break through the soil in a coiled position called a fiddlehead.