collegium musicum. a group of usually amateur musicians, often connected with a university, who meet to study and perform chiefly old or little-known music.
Spores and Sporangium. Ferns differ from flowering plants and trees because they do not produce seeds. Instead, ferns reproduce using spores. The sporangium is the structure responsible for producing and releasing spores. Sporangium form in many different ways, sometimes appearing as brown fruitdots on the undersides of leaves. Others grow as slender stalks up from the plant. When the sporangia burst, the wind carries spores to new ground, where they form reproductive structures that, if fertilized, will grow into a new fern.
Rhizomes. Ferns reproduce asexually by their modified stems, which are called rhizomes. Rhizomes spread just above or below the soil surface where they form roots on their undersides and new plants above. Some ferns have clumping forms and others have spreading habits, but both kinds reproduce by their rhizomes.