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Cash dividends are profits paid to shareholders. Dividends on common stock are optional, but they are required for preferred stock. If a company issues additional dividend-paying common stock, it must either cut the dividend per share or increase the draw from retained earnings.Companies generally canât cut preferred stock dividends, so issuing new preferred stock will cause retained earnings to fall.Even though retained earnings decrease because of additional dividends, stockholdersâ equity might increase because the company raises cash when it issues new shares.t includes accounts for equity -- common and preferred stock -- and retained earnings, the accumulated profits of the corporation. The accounting equation requires that stockholders' equity be equal to assets minus liabilities.
Example. Guitars, Inc. has 1,000 outstanding shares and a beginning retained earnings balance of $20,000. In year one, it earns $10,000 of net income and issues a $15 dividend per share. The net income would increase the RE account by $10,000 and the dividend would reduce it by $15,000. At the end of year one, Guitars, Inc. would have $15,000 in its retained earnings account. Year 2 was a bad year. Sales were down and Guitars, Inc. lost $40,000. This would reduce the $15,000 positive RE balance to a negative $25,000.