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These elements are grouped as austenite-forming, ferrite-forming, carbide-forming and nitride-forming elements. Austenite-forming elements The elements C, Ni and Mn are the most important ones in this group. Sufficiently large amounts of Ni or Mn render a steel austenitic even at room temperature.
The term austenitization means to heat the steel to a temperature at which it changes crystal structure from ferrite to austenite (see Figure 2). The ferrite exists from room temperature to about 1,330 degrees F, at which point, under equilibrium conditions, it begins to change to austenite.