There is a normal lordosis in the upper (cervical) spine and the lower (lumbar) spine. People with scoliosis develop additional curves to either side of the body, and the bones of the spine twist on each other, forming a C or an S shape in the spine. Scoliosis is about two times more common in girls than boys. It can be seen at any age, but it is most common in those over about 10 years of age. Scoliosis is hereditary in that people with scoliosis are more likely to have children with scoliosis; however, there is no correlation between the severity of the curves from one generation to the next.
The final rule requires that employers inspect walking-working surfaces regularly and as needed and correct, repair, or guard against hazardous conditions; and Training (Â§1910.30).
OSHA has released a final rule containing two standards (one for maritime and general industry and the other for construction) to limit worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica. The rule, which was proposed in September of 2013, becomes effective June 23, 2016 and is estimated to prevent nearly 900 cases of silicosis each year and 600 deaths per year. Employers covered under construction have one year to comply with the standard, while those covered under general industry and maritime have two years. The new rule changes the PEL from a calculation based on the percent of silica dioxide to a standard 50 Î¼g/m 3 as an 8-hour TWA for general industry, construction, and maritime alike. A few important requirements under the new standard for employers in general industry and maritime include: