BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae consists of four recognised species: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea type 2 (BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever (CSF) virus . Pestiviruses are single stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Although the natural host for BVDV is cattle, it can also affect sheep and wild animals, including deer and pigs. BVD is recognised as one of the most economically important endemic diseases of cattle.
Often, an electric device, known as an ultrasonic, sonic scaler, or power scaler may be used during scaling and root planing. Ultrasonic scalers vibrate at a frequency to help with removing stain, plaque and calculus. In addition, ultrasonic scalers create tiny air bubbles through a process known as cavitation.
And what is more, ultrasonics is palpable when touching the weld tool. For ultrasonic welding, the frequency range is between 20 kHz and 70 kHz. Additional fields of application: Imaging ultrasound in the field of medical diagnostics ranges between 1 and 40 MHz. It is not audible or palpable. In the field of industrial material testing, ultrasonics is used at frequencies from 0.25 to 10 MHz. Classification of ultrasonic frequency ranges â the range audible to the human ear only makes up a fraction of the entire span.