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Gluconeogenesis is a pivotal biochemical pathway in which glucose is synthesised from nonâcarbohydrate precursors, that is, lactate, alanine, glutamine and glycerol, during prolonged starvation.
The final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where glucose-6-phosphate is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce glucose. Glucose is shuttled into the cytosol by glucose transporters located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.