PARTICIPIAL PHRASE. Present participles, verbals ending in-ing, and past participles, verbals that end in-ed (for regular verbs) or other forms (for irregular verbs), are combined with complements and modifiers and become part of important phrasal structures.Participial phrases always act as adjectives.ometimes part of the noun phrase is delayed until the end of the sentence so that that portion of the phrase (usually modifying phrases  participial or prepositional) can receive end weight or focus.
Insect borers often attack trees that are weakened or damaged by other causes. In some cases, borers and plant pathogens are associated with the same canker. Leaf drop Leaf drop is generally caused by plant pathogens or environmental problems.
Scale is most common on the new tender woody growth. When adult scale is attached to the tree, it often appears as crusty or waxy bumps on the tree and is often mistaken for part of the treeâs own growth, but it is actually an insect. The scale sucks sap from the tree and causes the leaves to turn yellow and drop.