These proteins are also part of the immune system (immunoglobulins), help blood to clot (clotting factors), maintain pH balance, and are enzymes involved in chemical reactions throughout the body. Electrolytes are another large category of substances dissolved in plasma. They include:
An ideal op amp has infinite gain (), infinite input resistance ( ), and zero output resistance (). You should use these two assumptions to analyze the op amp circuits covered in the assignments below.
In the circuit above +12V is inserted initially and although the ideal output. voltage should be -12V, the realistic output voltage will average between -10.5 and -11V. The project includes a current limiter that requires a -5V input to drive an op amp, which requires the. need for this voltage inverter circuit.