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Introduction. Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), Americaâs 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. Although his predecessorsâ policies undoubtedly contributed to the crisis, which lasted over a decade, Hoover bore much of the blame in the minds of the American people.
The highly unpopular Hoover, a Republican, was defeated in the 1932 presidential election by Democrat Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945), whose New Deal recovery programs eventually helped lift the U.S. out of the Depression. In the early 1940s, most remaining Hoovervilles were torn down.