Cytoprotection is a process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents. For example, a gastric cytoprotectant is any medication that combats ulcers not by reducing gastric acid but by increasing mucosal protection. Examples of gastric cytoprotective agents include prostaglandins which protect the stomach mucosa against injury by increasing gastric mucus secretion.
Integer or Basic Data Types - System verilog has a hybrid of both verilog and C data types. 1  shortint - 2-state SystemVerilog data type, 16-bit signed integer. 2  int - 2-state SystemVerilog data type, 32-bit signed integer. 3  longint - 2-state SystemVerilog data type, 64-bit signed integer.
Faced with this dilemma, researchers often resort to using aggregate-level data. When the individual-level variable of interest is dichotomous, however, the aggregate-level model is subject to a special form of aggregation bias.Kelejian [1994] provides a methodology for testing for the presence of this form of bias.aced with this dilemma, the question turns from correcting the problem to simply determining when it is present. Kelejian [1994] provides a framework for testing for the presence of this type of aggregation bias. The purpose of the current study is to examine the properties of his suggested test.