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These elements are grouped as austenite-forming, ferrite-forming, carbide-forming and nitride-forming elements. Austenite-forming elements The elements C, Ni and Mn are the most important ones in this group. Sufficiently large amounts of Ni or Mn render a steel austenitic even at room temperature.
When the SA508 Gr.3 steel is annealed in the intercritical temperature region, the carbides dissolve to carbon and metal atoms and the austenite phase, mostly accicular-shaped, forms from the grain boundaries or lath boundaries at which the carbon content increases fast.