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These elements are grouped as austenite-forming, ferrite-forming, carbide-forming and nitride-forming elements. Austenite-forming elements The elements C, Ni and Mn are the most important ones in this group. Sufficiently large amounts of Ni or Mn render a steel austenitic even at room temperature.
Cementite forms directly from the melt in the case of white cast iron. In carbon steel, it either forms from austenite during cooling or from martensite during tempering. An intimate mixture with ferrite, the other product of austenite, forms a lamellar structure called pearlite. Ferrite: the Î±-iron, is a materials science term for iron, or a solid solution with iron as the main constituent, with a body centred cubic (bcc) crystal structure. It is the component which gives steel and cast iron their magnetic properties, and is the classic example of a.