The International Cooperative Alliance defines a cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) as an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise. 1  Cooperatives may include:
Institutional racism as it's formally called is racism that occurs in our institutions such as places of education and schools, the health care system, in the provision of public services, employment and housing.his is racism that occurs in informal settings, things like when you go to the shops and the store assistant serves you last or doesn't serve you at all! Once again on the basis of the color of your skin or perceived ethnicity.
It occurs when institutions, including corporations, governments and universities, discriminate either deliberately or indirectly, against certain groups of people to limit their rights. Race-based discrimination in housing, education, employment and health for example are forms of institutional racism. It reflects the cultural assumptions of the dominant group, so that the practices of that group are seen as the norm to which other cultural practices should conform (Anderson and Taylor, 2006).