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Diagram showing field lines and equipotentials around an electron, a negatively charged particle. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons (which are positively charged), resulting in a net zero overall charge. Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter.
Quick Answer. An atom with no charge becomes positively charged when it loses an electron. When this happens, it is called a positive ion. If the atom gains an electron, the atom becomes a negative ion. In either case, the number of protons in the atomâs nucleus does not change. More than one electron can be removed from an atom to give it a positive charge of +2, +3 or more.