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Introduction. Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), Americaâs 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. Although his predecessorsâ policies undoubtedly contributed to the crisis, which lasted over a decade, Hoover bore much of the blame in the minds of the American people.
In his authoritative history of the Great Depression era, David Kennedy admiringly wrote that Hooverâs 1932 program of activist policies helped âlay the groundwork for a broader restructuring of governmentâs role in many other sectors of American life, a restructuring known as the New Deal.â 17 In a later discussion of the beginning of the Roosevelt administration, Kennedy observed (emphasis added):