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18.1 Introduction to UARTS. UARTs (U niversal A synchronous R eceiver T ransmitter) are serial chips on your PC motherboard (or on an internal modem card). The UART function may also be done on a chip that does other things as well. On older computers like many 486's, the chips were on the disk IO controller card.
More advanced UARTs provide some amount of buffer of data so that the computer and serial devices data streams remain coordinated. The most recent UART, the 16550, has a 16-byte buffer that can get filled before the computer's processor needs to handle the data.