collegium musicum. a group of usually amateur musicians, often connected with a university, who meet to study and perform chiefly old or little-known music.
Spores and Sporangium. Ferns differ from flowering plants and trees because they do not produce seeds. Instead, ferns reproduce using spores. The sporangium is the structure responsible for producing and releasing spores. Sporangium form in many different ways, sometimes appearing as brown fruitdots on the undersides of leaves. Others grow as slender stalks up from the plant. When the sporangia burst, the wind carries spores to new ground, where they form reproductive structures that, if fertilized, will grow into a new fern.
1 Mature sporophyte (Fern plant) produces spores in sporangia (spore producing organs) usually located in sori (sporangia bundles) found on the underside of leaves. ( 2 top middle and right).3  Spores are dropped from the sporangia to the ground. Spores are dropped from the sporangia to the ground. ( 2 middle right). 3  Spores germinate into a heart shaped gametophyte (gamete producing plant) thallus (plant body not differentiated into stems and leaves). ( 4 bottom right). 5  Mature gametophytes produce microspores (male gametes, sperm) and megaspores (female gametes, egg).