Onodera Ritsu was a 15 years old boy, a heart-broken one to boot. Onodera Rika, a 25 years old woman with a 9 years old son named Natsume. The blank 10 years and the past of Rika might surprise anyone but still that is the truth.
The Pledge of Allegiance was written in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy (1855â1931), who was a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy (1850â1898).
In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), the Supreme Court ruled that requiring the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments. The case grew out of West Virginia's passage of legislation requiring the pledge and flag-saluting.