The US Constitution contains 7 articles: Article 1 deals with the Legislative branch; Article 2 is the executive branch; Article 3 is the Judicial branch; Article 4 is federalism; Article 5 is the Amendment process; and Article 6 is the supremacy clause. And the 7th article is the ratification of the Constitution.
Preparation of nanoparticles by Laser in Solution. Laser ablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to a plasma.
The depth over which the laser energy is absorbed, and thus the amount of material removed by a single laser pulse, depends on the material's optical properties and the laser wavelength and pulse length. The total mass ablated from the target per laser pulse is usually referred to as ablation rate.