Movement Across a Membrane and Energy. There are two major ways that molecules can be moved across a membrane, and the distinction has to do with whether or not cell energy is used. Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.
Citizenship, Immigration and the Constitution. The 14th Amendmentâs Citizenship Clause is one of the Constitutionâs most important and underappreciated provisions. The clause grants full United States citizenship to anyone born on American soil (with a narrow exception for children of foreign diplomats) or naturalized by the federal government.
The Constitution of the United States affords both citizens and non-citizens certain rights: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom to petition the government, freedom of assembly and the right to bear arms. There are, however, some rights and benefits that come only with United States Citizenship. Only U.S. citizens for example can vote in federal elections and most states also restrict the right to vote to only U.S. citizens.