Haploid âA cell that has half the amount of chromosomes. A cell that is âNâ for chromosome amount Diploid âA cell that has twice the amount of chromosome. A cell that is â2Nâ for chromosome amount Gamete âthe haploid âsexâ cells (in animals they are sperm and egg cells) Somatic Cell âall diploid cells (body cells) that are not gametes
Core Issue The core issue is that administering or withdrawing physical activity as punishment is inappropriate and constitutes an unsound education practice. Inappropriate Exercise used as punishment is considered a form of corporal punishment in many states (e.g., California, Massachusetts, and Hawaii).
In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. As with reinforcement, it is the behavior, not the animal, that is punished. Whether a change is or is not punishing is only known by its effect on the rate of the behavior, not by any hostile or aversive features of the change. For example, painful stimulation which would serve as a punisher in many cases serves to reinforce some behaviors of the masochist.