Complete (radical) nephrectomy is surgery to remove all of a kidney. Kidney-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy) removes part of a kidney.
White matter signal changes on the MRI essentially means that on the MRI, the white matter showed some scattered bright spots. White matter in the brain refers to the fiber tracts that carry information to and fro from the brain. My first question when somebody asks me what next and what does this mean is to ask them why was the MRI done in the first place.
Since the presence of myelin gives the axons a whitish appearance in preserved specimens of the brain, these large fiber tracts are also called white matter.. Sensitive brain imaging methods, such as diffusion tensor imaging, can measure changes in myelination throughout the lifespan. In a recent paper in the Journal of Neuroscience, investigators described a study in which they monitored white matter changes in 103 healthy human subjects, ages 5 to 32 years.