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Glycolysis is a series of reactions that and extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates. Glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway, meaning that it evolved long ago, and it is found in the great majority of organisms alive today2,3^{2,3}â2,3ââstart superscript, 2, comma, 3, end superscript. In organisms that perform cellular respiration, glycolysis is the first stage of this process. However, glycolysis doesnât require oxygen, and many anaerobic organismsâorganisms that do not use oxygenâalso have this pathway.
Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world. Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the EmbdenâMeyerhofâParnas (EMP pathway) , which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas.he metabolic pathway of glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate by via a series of intermediate metabolites. Each chemical modification (red box) is performed by a different enzyme. Steps 1 and 3 consume ATP (blue) and steps 7 and 10 produce ATP (yellow).