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If the parent does not heed this warning and deposits its tadpole into this already occupied pool of water, the original, larger tadpole will eat the younger tadpole. In some species of poison dart frogs, parental responsibility does not end here. In the species Dendrobates granuliferus and Dendrobates pumilio, the female returns to each tadpole and deposits nutrient rich, protein-filled eggs into their private aquariums as food for the developing tadpoles.
Costs of eating conspecific eggs are likely to be low. The toxins of cane toads pose no danger to cannibal conspecifics, even though the same toxins are deadly to tadpoles of Australian frogs (Crossland and Alford, 1998, Crossland and Azevedo-Ramos, 1999, Crossland et al., 2008 and Crossland and Shine, 2010).1) Toxin transfer. The amount and diversity of toxins (bufadienolides) decrease from the egg stage through larval development in cane toads, such that late-stage tadpoles and metamorphs have less effective chemical defences than earlier tadpoles or (especially) eggs (Hayes et al. 2009).