Timeline of the Great Recession. A recession is when a country experiences two or more quarters of contraction in their economy. GDP in the United States had averaged around 1% per quarter prior to 2007, but beginning in the fourth quarter, those numbers started to shrink.
Oligosaccharides is a general term to cover simple sugars: oligo means few, saccharide means sugar. Carbohydrates include sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) - which have fairly simple molecules - and more complicated molecules called polysaccharides, which are built up by condensation.
Both ATP and NADPH are used in the dark reactions to produce sugar. Dark reactions occur in the stroma. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using ATP and NADPH. This process is known as carbon fixation or the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle has three main stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.