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Fabrication is the practice of inventing data or results and recording and/or reporting them in the research record. Both of these schemes are probably among the most serious offenses in scientific research as they challenge the credibility of everyone and everything involved in a research effort.
Since constructs are very broad and abstract, conceptual clarity has become one of the cornerstones of good research. Constructs vary significantly in their complexity. By complexity, we mean the relative difficulty that people have understanding and measuring (i.e., observing) various constructs.