A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by cellulose acetate.
On 14 May 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel..
Lasting from the first Zionist congress in the Swiss city of Basle in 1879 to 1948 with the official creation of the state of Israel. After covering the Dreyfus affair and witnessing anti-Semitism in France he wrote Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) and then Altneuland (The Old New Land).