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A frameshift mutation alters the âreading frameâ of the DNA sequence and changes all the amino acids in the protein product after the point of mutation. Substitution mutations merely replace one base with another. Because the genetic code is redundant some substitutions will have no effect at all.For example the substitution of a uracil for a cytosine in the codon CCU will have no effect on the protein produced as both CCU and CCC code for proline.Substitutions that replace one amino acid with another vary widely in their effect depending on the substitution and its location in the amino acid chain.or example the substitution of a uracil for a cytosine in the codon CCU will have no effect on the protein produced as both CCU and CCC code for proline. Substitutions that replace one amino acid with another vary widely in their effect depending on the substitution and its location in the amino acid chain.
base pair substitution that alters amino acids and produces a change (i.e., the sense) in a single anino acid. produce one of the stop codons (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the messenger RNA, this terminates the translation of the polypeptide. involves the insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs of the DNA molecule. These mutations hange the entire reading frame if the DNA sequence because the deletion and insertion is not a multiple of three base pairs ( the number of base pairs in the codon). Mutagens.