Movement Across a Membrane and Energy. There are two major ways that molecules can be moved across a membrane, and the distinction has to do with whether or not cell energy is used. Passive mechanisms like diffusion use no energy, while active transport requires energy to get done.
Citizenship, Immigration and the Constitution. The 14th Amendmentâs Citizenship Clause is one of the Constitutionâs most important and underappreciated provisions. The clause grants full United States citizenship to anyone born on American soil (with a narrow exception for children of foreign diplomats) or naturalized by the federal government.
Primary Documents in American History. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to âall persons born or naturalized in the United States,â which included former slaves recently freed.