All rights reserved. Terms of use. Â¨ 37 11 Thermodynamics andThermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of heat, and how heat can be interconverted into other energyforms. In thermodynamics the system is a specific part of the universe that is being studied,often the system is a chemical reaction. The surroundings are all parts of the universe that arenot the system, typically everything outside the test tube.Â¥ An open system can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
Pepsin splits proteins into water-soluble fragments called peptones. Although this ordinarily occurs in the stomach, it can be duplicated in a large reaction vessel on a commercial basis. Partial digestion by pepsin can be used in food applicationsâfor instance, in the processing of soy protein and gelatin.
Pepsin also has milk-clotting action similar to that of rennin and thereby facilitates the digestion of milk protein. pepsin barrier the gastric mucosal mechanism which prevents rediffusion of hydrochloric acid back into gastric tissues; includes an electrical resistance, mucus, plus bicarbonate ions trapped in the mucus, endogenous prostaglandins.