A German ligature that originally stood for 'sz', but can be transliterated as 'ss'. It is never found in Swiss German. It looks like a B, but sounds like an S. Compare to the boring language known as English, which only has the ligatures Ã and Å, which are rarely used.
The only other flour used in traditional pumpernickel is wheat flour, which is used as an ingredient in the sourdough starter, a pre-fermented flour, water and yeast mixture that combines with the rye flour to hold the bread together.
-The lower gluten potential of this flour contributes to a very compact bread such as pumpernickel. -In addition, this flour contains a high concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates called pentosans, which give the flour a high water-binding capacity (60).