In general, symptoms and signs that suggest a rise in ICP including headache, vomiting without nausea, ocular palsies, altered level of consciousness, back pain and papilledema. If papilledema is protracted, it may lead to visual disturbances, optic atrophy, and eventually blindness.
Definition of Acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis: A severe form of acute renal failure that develops in people with severe illnesses (such as sepsis) or with very low blood pressure. Patients may need dialysis. Kidney function often improves if the underlying disease is successfully treated. Abbreviated ATN.
(See 'Frequency of prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis as a cause of AKI' below.) This topic will review the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, and evaluation and diagnosis of prerenal disease and ATN as a cause of AKI.