Transcription of two genes. (a) RNA polymerase moves from the 3â² end of the template strand, creating an RNA strand that grows in a 5â² â 3â² direction (because it must be antiparallel to the template strand).
The atoms in sugar do not form ions; instead, they share their electrons. The type of bond that forms from the sharing of electrons between the atoms of the table sugar is a covalent bond. Table sugar has a much more complex chemical structure than salt.
The carbon atom number 1 (C1) in one sugar is linked to the fourth carbon atom (C4) of the next sugar in an extended array. All the glucose molecules in cellulose have the beta-configuration at the C1 atom, so all the glycosidic bonds that join the glucose molecules together are also of the beta type. This means that the cellulose molecule is straight, and many such molecules can lay side by side in a parallel series of rows.