Pernicious Anemia. Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and other neurological manifestations characterize classical vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. It is common, however, to encounter patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have atypical clinical or laboratory features.
Nutrient, Liquid and Energy Distribution. Most of the advantages of vascular tissues stem from this functional one: A tracheophyte's xylem and phloem--which comprise the vascular system and are housed in the stem--enable liquids, nutrients and energy to be transported and distributed throughout the whole of the plant.
The two types of vascular tissue are xylem (dead cells) and phloem (living cells). The xylem carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots through the stem and leaves of the plant. Phloem is responsible for distributing the products of photosynthesis, such as amino acids and carbohydrates, from the leaves to the rest of the plant.