Normal RAS signalling pathways. RAS proteins: diversity and processing. The RAS proteins are members of a large superfamily of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins, which can be divided into several families according to the degree of sequence conservation.
Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982, which was very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. This promoted development of a new spreadsheet called Excel which started with the intention to 'do everything 1-2-3 does and do it better'. The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987. Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by 1988 Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve the position of leading PC software developer.
Before Microsoft's Excel came about, a Harvard MBA student and his former MIT classmate built the first spreadsheet software for the Apple II. It was 1979 and Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston wanted to see their calculators come to life. They wanted to be able to change numbers in their calculations and update their final answers. By creating VisiCalc, the first electronic spreadsheet, that's exactly what they did. Bricklin and Frankston would work at night because computer time was cheaper at night.