Puppies Windows Theme will help you customize your desktop with wallpapers of cute puppies. The theme includes 22 high-resolution background images that will fit any screen type.
In statistics we tend use the 'hat' notation to imply a statistic. We designate P to represent the proportion in the population. Because P is unknown and unknowable we use Phat to designate the proportion in the sample. Suppose 30 out of 100 people in my sample support Trump. P = unknown and unknowable.
More specifically, the p-value is defined as the probability of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed, assuming that the hypothesis under consideration is true.Here, more extreme is dependent on the way the hypothesis is tested.ince p-value is used in frequentist inference (and not Bayesian inference), it does not in itself support reasoning about the probabilities of hypotheses but is only as a tool for deciding whether to reject the null hypothesis.