Puppies Windows Theme will help you customize your desktop with wallpapers of cute puppies. The theme includes 22 high-resolution background images that will fit any screen type.
In statistics we tend use the 'hat' notation to imply a statistic. We designate P to represent the proportion in the population. Because P is unknown and unknowable we use Phat to designate the proportion in the sample. Suppose 30 out of 100 people in my sample support Trump. P = unknown and unknowable.
Third, it is not true that the p value is the probability that any observed difference is simply attributable to the chance selection of subjects from the target population. The p value is calculated based on an assumption that chance is the only reason for observing any difference.