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Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins.rotein synthesis begins at a start codon AUG near the 5' end of the mRNA. mRNA binds to the P site of the ribosome first. The ribosome is able to identify the start codon by use of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the mRNA in prokaryotes and Kozak box in eukaryotes.
That is because tRNA molecules which carry the amino acids are complementry to mRNA molecules, and and translation must take place out of the nucleus because proteins are larg â¦ e molecules that won't leave space in the nucleus. Amino acids are also found easily in the cytoplasm. 1 person found this useful. In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus from which the transcript it transported to the cytoplasm where translation occurs.     In prokaryotic ce â¦ lls, transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm. + 15 others found this useful.