The white blood cells then produce antibodies to match the shape of the antigens. The antigens on the surface of pathogenic cells are different from those on the surface of your own cells. This enables your immune system to distinguish pathogens from cells that are part of your body.he white blood cells then produce antibodies to match the shape of the antigens. The antigens on the surface of pathogenic cells are different from those on the surface of your own cells. This enables your immune system to distinguish pathogens from cells that are part of your body.
The first view is a good way to start thinking about logarithms: logarithms are exponents. That's the view introduced in this section. Another view is that logarithmic functions âundoâ exponential functions, or (more briefly) logs âundoâ exponents. and is the subject of more advanced lessons.
Take the log of the number that you got in Step 3. Log is short for logarithm, which is a math function just like addition or subtraction. However, you will almost always need a calculator to find logs. In this example, you would use a calculator to take the log of 2 and get 0.30. Add the number that you got in Step 4 to the pH given to you in the problem. If your solution has a given pH of 1.3, add 0.3 to 1.3 to get a pKa of 1.6. Step 6. Check your work. The most important formula to remember is that the pKa = pH + log(Acid/Base), better known as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.