A board-certified doctor has passed exams in a certain specialty, so it's evidence of skill. The American Board of Medical Specialties recognizes 24 areas of medical specialty, including anesthesiology, cardiology, internal medicine, and pediatrics.
But the mutations we hear about most often are the ones that cause disease. Some well-known inherited genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria and color-blindness, among many others. All of these disorders are caused by the mutation of a single gene.
Classic examples of these degenerative diseases are CF, which is caused by the deletion of a single residue phenylalanine in the CFTR protein, and sickle cell anemia, which originated due to a mutation in hemoglobin. 1  Table 1. Mutation observed in different disease causing proteins.