Carbocations are species bearing a formal + charge on carbon. The have sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry, with an empty p orbital on carbon, perpendicular to the plane containing the substituents (see diagrams shown to the right).
Aortic cross-clamp. An aortic cross-clamp is a surgical instrument used in cardiac surgery to clamp the aorta and separate the systemic circulation from the outflow of the heart. An aortic cross-clamping procedure serves, for example, in the repairing of coarctation of the aorta.
Cross linking is a stabilization process in polymer chemistry which leads to. multidimensional extension of polymeric chain resulting in network structure. Cross-link is a bond which links one polymer. chain to other. It can be ionic or covalent. Cross linking changes a liquid polymer into âsolidâ or âgelâ by restricting the ability. of movement. When polymer chains are linked together by cross-links, they lose some of their ability to move as individual. polymer chains.