A liquidated damages clause sets an amount in a contract in the event of a breach. A liquidated damages clause isn't a penalty, though it may sound like one. A penalty is usually disproportionate to the actual harm, and is meant to punish or deter breaching a contract.
Acidic stools can be caused from absorption problems from the diet and foods you eat. Some people have acidic stools as a result of a lactose intolerance.
Stool is normally brown due to the digestion of bile salts, which are produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. A reduction in bile salts due to liver disease, gall stones, and other conditions causes the stool to be pale.