A sprain is an injury to a ligament. Ligaments are the connective tissues that connect bones to bones across a joint. The most common thumb sprain involves the collateral ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. These types of injuries are common in sports and falls on to an outstretched hand.
Nicotinamide is a water-soluble component of the vitamin B complex group. In vivo, Nicotinamide is incorporated into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD and NADP function as coenzymes in a wide variety of enzymatic oxidation-reduction reactions essential for tissue respiration, lipid metabolism, and glycogenolysis.
In research studies, nicotinamide is used as a standard of measurement for calculating the vitamin B3-activity associated with each forms of niacin, prompting researchers to use the term NE when referring to B3 measurements. NE in this situation stands for niacin equivalents..