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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA instructions for building the protein, transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the major component of a ribosome, the structure that reads codons on the mRNA and assembles amino acids into polypeptides.NA nucleotides contain a sugar called ribose; DNA nucleotides contain a similar sugar called deoxyribose. RNA has the nitrogenous base uracil, which behaves similarly to the thymine in DNA-that is, both uracil and thymine form complementary base pairs with adenine.
The primary role of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) is to direct the synthesis of proteins. DNA, however, is located in the nucleus of the cell, and. Figure 1. Protein synthesis requires transcription (shown on the left side of the figure) and translation (shown on the right side of the figure). protein synthesis occurs in cellular structures called ribosomes , found out-side the nucleus. The process by which genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes is called transcription. During transcription, a strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is synthesized. This messenger RNA (mRNA) is complementary to the portion of DNA that directed itâit has a complementary nucleotide at each point in the chain. A specialized protein called an enzyme controls when transcription occurs.