Social exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.ocial exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is thought to be caused by trauma to dentoalveolar structures that have a limited capacity for bone healing due to the effects of bisphosphonate therapy. See the image below. Exposed, necrotic bone in the left anterior maxilla.
It is currently suspected by some researchers that intravenous bisphosphonate medications, including zoledronate (Zometa) and pamidronate (Aredia), which are used to reduce elevated calcium levels in patients with cancer and to treat osteoporosis, may increase the risk of avascular necrosis of the jaw bone.