Peter Townsend: Poverty = low income. One attempt to develop a relative definition of poverty is that of Townsend. Townsend & Abel Smith (1965) , The Poor and the Poorest. Their claim was that anyone with an income below 140% of a household's entitlement to National Assistance was living in poverty.heckpoints. 1  There is no objective definition of poverty. 2  The choice of definition is related to the values of the researcher. 3  So, academics and politicians influenced by market liberal theories tend to use absolute definitions. 4  Researchers in the social democratic tradition tend to use relative definitions.
North Africa is a region of Africa, separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara Desert. Eight countries make up the northern region of Africa: Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan.
Africa (6 countries): Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Western Sahara. West. Africa (18 countries): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, CÃ´te dâIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Central.