Only during the later phases of the Habsburg dynastyâs rule of the remnants of the Holy Roman Empire did German make territorial gains as a commercial language in East Central Europe (Silesia, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Galicia, Bukovina Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia...).
1. Token-based protocols can be used to control the right to transmit in networks that do not have a ring topology. Design a token-based. protocol to control the right to transmit in a LAN with a bus topology. 2. Describe the steps followed by a machine that wants to transmit a message in a network using the CSMA/CD protocol.
ECN is also defined for other transport layer protocols that perform congestion control, notably DCCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The general principle is similar to TCP, although the details of the on-the-wire encoding differ.