Patients with chronic hepatitis B have antibodies against hepatitis B, but these antibodies are not enough to clear the infection of the affected liver cells. The continued production of virus combined with antibodies is a likely cause of the immune complex disease seen in these patients.
1 Hydrolytic Degradation: ï This process occurs in polymers that are watersensitive active groups, especially those that take a lot of moisture. ï 2  Polymers that have an ability for hydrolytic destruction usually have heteroatoms in the main or side chain. Mechanism of Hydrolytic Degradation ï Hydrolytic degradation of members of the polylactide/glycolide family proceeds through four stages as represented in Figure 2: First stage of water diffusion followed by second stage, in which oligomers with acidic endgroups autocatalyze the hydrolysis reaction.
What is hydronephrosis? Hydronephrosis is a condition that typically occurs when the kidney swells due to the failure of normal drainage of urine from the kidney to the bladder. This swelling most commonly affects only one kidney, but it can involve both kidneys. Hydronephrosis isnât a primary disease.