Elizabeth I dies and James VI of Scotland accedes to the English throne. Elizabeth I died childless so was succeeded by her cousin, James VI of Scotland, who henceforth assumed the title of James I of England as well.
T minus zero means out of time.. This comes from a countdown convention used in by both the American military and NASA. Generally, it is used when counting down to a major event that will happen at a specific time. Mathematically, T is time, minus whatever amount of time is left until the event happens.
The t-statistic in conjunction with the degrees of freedom are used to calculate the probability that the difference between the means happened by chance. If the probability is less than the critical alpha level, then we say that a significant difference exists between the two means.