Social exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.ocial exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is thought to be caused by trauma to dentoalveolar structures that have a limited capacity for bone healing due to the effects of bisphosphonate therapy. See the image below. Exposed, necrotic bone in the left anterior maxilla.
Bisphosphonates are medications that used to treat bone loss and are the most common agent to be prescribed for osteoporosis. These drugs can also reduce fracture risk in cases of previous fracture. Bisphosphonates are medications that used to treat bone loss and are the most common agent to be prescribed for osteoporosis. These drugs can also reduce fracture risk in cases of previous fracture. Bone is constantly undergoing a turnover process in which osteoblasts create bone and osteoclasts destroy it. Bisphosphonates inhibit the actions of osteoclasts by promoting their apoptosis (programmed cell death), which, in turn, slows bone loss.