Pernicious Anemia. Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and other neurological manifestations characterize classical vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. It is common, however, to encounter patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have atypical clinical or laboratory features.
Nutrient, Liquid and Energy Distribution. Most of the advantages of vascular tissues stem from this functional one: A tracheophyte's xylem and phloem--which comprise the vascular system and are housed in the stem--enable liquids, nutrients and energy to be transported and distributed throughout the whole of the plant.
The origin of vascular tissue (specialized tissue for carrying food, water, & minerals) was an evolutionary breakthrough in the colonization of land. Plants with vascular tissue are known as Tracheophytes. Two types of vascular tissue developed --- xylem & phloem. Xylem carries water & inorganic nutrients from the roots to the stem & leaves. Phloem carries carbohydrates made by the plants to wherever they're needed or stored in the plant.