A sprain is an injury to a ligament. Ligaments are the connective tissues that connect bones to bones across a joint. The most common thumb sprain involves the collateral ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. These types of injuries are common in sports and falls on to an outstretched hand.
Nicotinamide is a water-soluble component of the vitamin B complex group. In vivo, Nicotinamide is incorporated into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD and NADP function as coenzymes in a wide variety of enzymatic oxidation-reduction reactions essential for tissue respiration, lipid metabolism, and glycogenolysis.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, abbreviated NAD+, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined throu â¦ gh their phosphate groups, with one nucleotide containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide. Coenzymes are small organic non-protein molecules that carry chemical groups between enzymes.[1] Coenzymes are sometimes referred to as cosubstrates. These molecules are â¦ substrates for enzymes and do not form a permanent part of the enzymes' structures.