In ionic bonding, electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. In the process of either losing or gaining negatively charged electrons, the reacting atoms form ions. The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, which are the basis of the ionic bond.
Entropy is a measure of the degree of the spreading and sharing of thermal energy within a system. The entropy of a substance increases with its molecular weight and complexity and with temperature. The entropy also increases as the pressure or concentration becomes smaller.
The reason why the definition of entropy based on eq. (1) is useful is that it allowed Clausius to formulate what we now call the â2nd law of thermodynamicsâ: that the worldâs entropy tends towards a maximum. In a reversible process entropy is conserved. In an irreversible process the total entropy increases.