SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) is the primary SQL Server Express management and development tool. Using keyboard shortcuts lets you do more work faster, so one of the best ways to be productive with SSMSE is to understand the available keyboard shortcuts. SSMSE supports quite a few keyboard shortcuts, but here are the most common. 1  CTRL+C, CTRL+X, CTRL+V, CTRL+Z, CTRL+Y--Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo.
A titer is a blood test that measures the amount of antibody in the blood to a given disease agent. So, for example, a parvo titer would show the amount of antibody against parvovirus that a dog has in her blood.
For many of our dogs, that immunity is the result of a previous vaccine. However, immunity can also develop because a dog had the disease in the past. Either way, a high titer means your dog is protected. If the test shows a low titer, your dog may not have immunity. The interesting and perhaps odd detail (odd, at least, from a laypersonâs viewpoint) is that a low titer is not completely definitive. A dog may still have some protection.