Pernicious Anemia. Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and other neurological manifestations characterize classical vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. It is common, however, to encounter patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have atypical clinical or laboratory features.
Nutrient, Liquid and Energy Distribution. Most of the advantages of vascular tissues stem from this functional one: A tracheophyte's xylem and phloem--which comprise the vascular system and are housed in the stem--enable liquids, nutrients and energy to be transported and distributed throughout the whole of the plant.
An important advance in the conquest of land by plants was the evolution of vascular tissue which allowed water to be transported from the ground to tissues high above the ground. The first vascular plants lacked leaves and consisted of photosynthetic stems.lthough most ferns reproduce using spores, one group evolved seeds although they were not ancestral to other seed plants. Fern leaves possess a highly branched vascular system. Some ferns in. have leaves that are 6-9 m long and probably the most complex leaves in the plant kingdom.