The total indirect and direct cost of epilepsy in the United States is estimated to be $15.5 billion yearly. This estimate is based on a reported cost of $12.5 billion in 1995 converted to 2004 dollar value using Bureau of Labor Statistics data. 4.
Many patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia complain of physical fatigue, tightness of the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and shortness of breath due to their efforts to phonate through the closed glottis. The severity of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia varies within and among individuals.
The Symptom of Dyspnea. Dyspnea - or the sensation of shortness of breath - is almost a universal symptom for those dealing with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis. The problem is that the sensation of dyspnea is very subjective.