From the captain's point of view, his human cargo was extremely valuable and had to be kept alive and, if possible, uninjured. A slave who tried to starve him or herself was tortured. If torture didn't work, the slave was force fed with the help of a contraption called a speculum orum, which held the mouth open.
Gastroenterology | Chicago, IL. Dr. Michael Williams is a gastroenterologist in Chicago, Illinois and is affiliated with Northwestern Memorial Hospital. He received his medical degree from University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine and has been in practice between 11-20 years.
Gastroenterologist on the Move: Dr. Robert Williams Joins NC's Betty H. Cameron Women's and Children's Hospital September 19, 2012 | Print | Email Pediatric gastroenterologist Robert Chip Williams, MD, has joined New Hanover Regional Medical Center's Betty H. Cameron Women's and Children's Hospital in Wilmington, N.C., according to a Daily News report. Dr. Williams will see patients at the NHRMC Nunnelee Pediatric Specialty Clinic. Dr. Williams received his MD from St. George's University in Great River, N.Y., according to his bio. He completed a residency in pediatrics at Miami Children's Hospital and a fellowship in pediatric gastroenterology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tenn.