Contingency - When estimating the cost for a project, product or other item or investment, there is always uncertainty as to the precise content of all items in the estimate, how work will be performed, what work conditions will be like when the project is executed and so on.
An arbitrator is one who delivers a fair judgment to resolve a dispute. The arbitrator's decision may or may not be favorable to one or more parties involved; however, the arbitrator is a neutral third party chosen by the disputing parties in lieu of litigating in court.
Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court. Parties refer their disputes to an arbitrator who reviews the evidence, listens to the parties, and then makes a decision. The arbitration process is less formal than a courtroom hearing or trial (and often less expensive), but more formal than mediation or negotiation.