World's Largest Sitka Spruce Tree. A celebrated Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) on Klootchy Creek near Seaside, Oregon, receives so many visitors that recently a $50,000 boardwalk was constructed to preserve its roots from compaction. It is perhaps 700 years old, and truly amazing in stature.
Bacteriocins are antibacterial proteins produced by bacteria that kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a high diversity of different bacteriocins. Though these bacteriocins are produced by LAB found in numerous fermented and non-fermented foods, nisin is currently the only bacteriocin widely used as a food preservative.
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Bacteriophages, first discovered around 1915, have played a unique role in viral biology. They are perhaps the best understood viruses, yet at the same time, their structure can be extraordinarily complex.emperate viruses are those that reproduce without killing their host cell. Typically they reproduce in two ways: through the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In the lysogenic cycle, the phage's DNA recombines with the bacterial chromosome. Once it has inserted itself, it is known as a prophage.