The total indirect and direct cost of epilepsy in the United States is estimated to be $15.5 billion yearly. This estimate is based on a reported cost of $12.5 billion in 1995 converted to 2004 dollar value using Bureau of Labor Statistics data. 4.
Many patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia complain of physical fatigue, tightness of the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and shortness of breath due to their efforts to phonate through the closed glottis. The severity of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia varies within and among individuals.
Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurological disorder caused by a dystonia (abnormal sustained muscle contraction) of the vocal cords.Depending on the vocal cord muscles that are affected, there are three types: adductor (involuntary vocal cord closing), abductor (involuntary vocal cord opening), or mixed.pasmodic dysphonia is a neurological disorder caused by a dystonia (abnormal sustained muscle contraction) of the vocal cords.