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Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar shaped cells that conduct action potentials toward or into the central nervous system. They carry somatic nervous system signals from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, sensory organs (eyes, ears, mouth, and nose). They also carry autonomic nerous system signals from the visceral organs (heart, lungs, vessels, etc).
The somatic nervous system is responsible for all voluntary muscle contractions and sensory information processing, while the other portions of the peripheral nervous system control involuntary processes of the body.he somatic nerve system controls all five senses. Heat and pain are all transmitted by afferent neurons. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Afferent neurons carry impulses from sense organs to the brain, while efferent neurons carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.