Signaling begins with the binding of a TGF beta superfamily ligand to a TGF beta type II receptor. The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each class of ligand binds to a specific type II receptor.
The Akabane virus is an insect-transmitted virus that causes congenital abnormalities of the central nervous systems in ruminants.wo viruses, both arthropod borne, have been implicated in the cause of these congenital defects: Akabane virus, named after the district in Japan where it was first found, and Aino virus. Generally, both these viruses are referred to as Akabane virus.
Aino virus, a relative of Akabane, is found in Australia, Japan, and several other countries where Akabane virus is found and has been an infrequent cause of disease in cattle.In Japan, Chuzan virus, a reovirus, is transmitted by Culicoides oxystoma and causes congenital infection in calves similar to Akabane virus.tiology, Epidemiology, and Transmission. The causal agent, Akabane virus, is a member of the Simbu serogroup of the family Bunyaviridae. It is spread by biting midges (Culicoides spp) in Australia, Japan, and Kenya. Akabane virus is common in many tropical and subtropical areas between â¼35Â°N and 35Â°S.