Abnormal returns for vertical merger announcements are positive until the late 1990s, and turn negative afterward. As the results of a vertical merger, successive activities in a value chain which has been conducted by different firms are brought in-house in a single firm. This is the reason why antitrust agencies are less likely to contest a vertical merger than a horizontal merger.
The simplest types of chemical formulas are called empirical formulas, which indicate the ratio of each element in the molecule. The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of all the atoms in a molecule. For example: The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.
Linear: In a linear model, atoms are connected in a straight line. The bond angles are set at 180Â°. For example, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide have a linear molecular shape. Trigonal planar: Molecules with the trigonal planar shape are somewhat triangular and in one plane (flat).