If antibody binds to normal tissues it can cause damage to the body or create other disease symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis is a good example of an autoimmune disease. Antibodies that react with body tissues are felt to contribute to joint swelling and pain.
In eukaryotic cells the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs inside the mitochondria, after transport of the substrate, pyruvate, from the cytosol. The transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria is via a transport protein and is active, consuming energy. Passive diffusion of pyruvate into the mitochondria is impossible because it is a polar molecule. On entry to the mitochondria the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs, producing acetyl CoA.
In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrial matrix, where the Krebs cycle takes place. Before entering the Krebs cycle, the three-carbon pyruvate is oxidized to a two-carbon acetate molecule and carbon dioxide, producing one molecule of NADH.The acetate joins to a molecule of coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A, which carries the acetyl group to the Krebs cycle.The acetate enters the cycle by combining with OAA (oxaloacetic acid) to form citric acid.s the reactions of the Krebs cycle continue, the two acetyl carbons are successively oxidized to carbon dioxide, forming two molecules of NADH and one of FADH 2, which will provide electrons to the electron transport chain to form ATP.