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Osteoarthritis (OA) occurs when the cartilage (a tough, but flexible spongy tissue at the ends of bones in the affected joint) doesnât work as well as it should, this causes the ends of bones glide against each other with more friction. This joint disease manifests itself by generating some symptoms.n diagnosing OA, physical examination is usually the first step. In this procedure, your doctor will closely evaluate and examine the affected joint physically through symptoms that appear. The following are some major concern that will be closely evaluated in physical examination: 1  The level of jointâs range motion!
Causes and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis. OA is caused by a breakdown in the cartilage that covers the joints. The protective tissue is damaged by age and repeated motion. This increases the friction as the bones of the joint rub against each other. It can also cause damage to the bone. The most common symptoms of OA are pain and stiffness. OA can occur in any joint. However, the most commonly affected joints are in the: 1  hands. 2  knees. 3  hips. 4  spine.