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special circumstances. Also found in: Wikipedia. special circumstances. n. in criminal cases, particularly homicides, actions of the accused or the situation under which the crime was committed for which state statutes allow or require imposition of a more severe punishment.
Under the common law of England, a party could not impeach its own witness unless one of four special circumstances was met. 1  The Voucher Rule required the proponent of the witness to vouch for the truthfulness of the witness. Here are the special circumstances: 1  If the witness were an adverse party (such as the plaintiff calling the defendant to the stand, or vice versa). 2  If the witness were hostile (such as the witness refusing to co-operate). 3  If the witness were one that the party was required by law to call as a witness.