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You can't gain weight without eating more. According to Why Does Lithium Cause Weight Gain? lithium binds to a receptor 5-HT1B which influences the serotonine system influencing your mood, and also your appetite. This is the 1999 paper by Olivier Massot they refer to 5-HT1B Receptors: A Novel Target for Lithium: Possible Involvement in Mood Disorders.
Lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithane, and Lithobid) is effective in balancing mood in people with bipolar disorder. How it works is not completely understood. It may affect certain brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that cause mood changes.Common side effects of lithium carbonate include:Nausea, loss of appetite, feeling of fullness or swollen stomach, and/or stomach upset.Dry mouth, increased ..