(IEEE) (1) The arrangement of a computer system or component as defined by the number, nature, and interconnections of its constituent parts. (2) In configuration management, the functional and physical characteristics of hardware or software as set forth in technical documentation or achieved in a product.
Inc. after a company name means that the business in question has incorporated within its home state. Status as a C-corporation or an S-Corporation depends on tax filings with the Internal Revenue Service. Incorporation produces a separate entity -- in essence a fictional person created by law.
The inc instruction is very important because adding one to a register is a very common operation. Incrementing loop control variables or indices into an array is a very common operation perfect for the inc instruction. The fact that inc does not affect the carry flag is very important.