If antibody binds to normal tissues it can cause damage to the body or create other disease symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis is a good example of an autoimmune disease. Antibodies that react with body tissues are felt to contribute to joint swelling and pain.
In eukaryotic cells the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs inside the mitochondria, after transport of the substrate, pyruvate, from the cytosol. The transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria is via a transport protein and is active, consuming energy. Passive diffusion of pyruvate into the mitochondria is impossible because it is a polar molecule. On entry to the mitochondria the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs, producing acetyl CoA.
The majority of this ATP production by a non-photosyntheticaerobic eukaryote takes place in the mitochondria, which can make up nearly 25% of the totalvolume of a typical cell. [23] Glycolysis Main article: glycolysis In glycolysis, glucose and glycerol are metabolized to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.