Once you send your scores, it will take about 10-15 days to reach the schools you're applying to :)
A discouraged worker is someone who has given up looking for work and has left the labor market. The United States government does not treat discouraged workers as unemployed people because they are not actively looking for work. This creates some counterintuitive results when calculating the unemployment rate.
The number of people who are no longer actively searching for work would not be included in the participation rate. During an economic recession, many workers often get discouraged and stop looking for employment, as a result, the participation rate decreases.