Current testing requirements for high temperature alloys are defined in general industry specifications (ASTM, AMS), as well as in user specifications. Many of these requirements were established in the 1960's when production practices were yet to be refined.
cowling - protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars; the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine.
For other uses, see Caul (disambiguation). A caul or cowl (Latin: Caput galeatum, literally, helmeted head) is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face. Birth with a caul is rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 80,000 births. The caul is harmless and is immediately removed by the physician or midwife upon delivery of the child. The en-caul birth, not to be confused with the caul birth, occurs when the infant is born inside the entire amniotic sac. The sac balloons out at birth, with the amniotic fluid and child remaining inside the unbroken or partially broken membrane.