Literary and artistic naturalism aims at accuracy and objectivity and cultivates realistic and even sordid portrayals of people and their environment. Philosophical naturalism, which is often identified with materialism, holds that minds, spirits, and ideas are fundamentally material.
For the stiffness to weight ratio, see specific modulus. The specific strength is a material's strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa /(kg / m 3), or N Â·m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2, though the latter form is rarely used.
The history of the formulas for calculating ideal body weight began in 1871 when Dr. Pierre Paul Broca4 (a French surgeon) created this formula ( known as Brocaâs index): Weight (in kg) should equal Height( in cm) â 100, plus or minus 15% for women or 10% for men.