Tests for voltage input thresholds can be used to make important distinctions about the characteristics of a device during validation, as well as the quality of a device during production test.
Process-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that separates the concerns of data structures and the concurrent processes that act upon them.
In general, the QA activities are done before the product is manufactured or the service delivered (proactive approach). The QC activities are done during the manufacturing process and once the product is manufactured. QA is process oriented. QC is product oriented.