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Cleft lip and palate is due to tissues of the face not properly joining together during development. They are a type of birth defect. The cause in most cases is unknown. Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, an older mother, obesity, and certain medications such as some used to treat seizures.
Several people suffering from Goldenhar syndrome can have serious deformities, whereas others may show few or minor congenital deformities. Facial Deformities. Hemifacial microsomia is a common facial abnormality found in Goldenhar syndrome. It is brought about by hypoplasia or underdevelopment of the facial bones: the mandible and the maxilla. Additionally, the facial muscles might also be underdeveloped. Another facial abnormality is the occurrence of cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip is an unusual opening or split in the lip area that can spread to the nose or cheek. Cleft palate is an opening in the roof of the mouth. People suffering from Goldenhar syndrome might also have macrostomia, commonly known as âwide mouthâ.