Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four lobes; the frontal, parietal, temporal, and the occipital. The Frontal Lobe is the most anterior lobe of the brain.Its posterior boundary is the fissure of Rolando, or central sulcus, which separates it from the parietal lobe.Inferiorly, it is divided from the temporal lobe by the fissure of Sylvius which is also called the lateral fissure.he Frontal Lobe is the most anterior lobe of the brain. Its posterior boundary is the fissure of Rolando, or central sulcus, which separates it from the parietal lobe. Inferiorly, it is divided from the temporal lobe by the fissure of Sylvius which is also called the lateral fissure.
Main article: Thoracic diaphragm. The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. It is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its centre moves caudally (downward) and its edges move rostrally (upward).
A major structure in the upper part of the brain stem is called the pons. The pons has two over-arching roles. The first is the regulation of breathing. In the pons, there is a structure called the pneumotaxic center. It controls the amount of air breathed and breaths per minute, which is known as the breathing rate. In addition, the pons is involved in the transmission of signals to and from other structures in the brain, such as the cerebrum or the cerebellum.