Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
The lower atmosphere is warmed even further by the greenhouse effect, without which the surface of the oceans would be frozen over to the equator. The mesosphere, roughly between 50 km and 85 km, radiates infrared efficiently to space, and absorbs little sunlight, so that it can get down to 130 K (â226 Â°F; â143 Â°C).