Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
During the day, land is warmed at a faster rate than water (since water has a higher specific heat and therefore requires more time to be heated). The air over land is heated as well, and rises in the atmosphere. At the same time, cooler air from the sea moves to replace the rising warm air.