For cultural reasons, enumerating the precise number of females has been difficult--and estimates of the percentage of females in the population range from 47.5 percent in the 1981 census to 48.3 percent in the 1987-88 Labour Force Survey.
Substrate (printing) Substrate is a term used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed. Base materials may include: plastic films or foils, release liner.
In most cases a printer will use either a dye-based ink cartridge or a pigment-based ink cartridge, and the type of ink indicates the best use for the printer. Dye-based ink is a term relating to water soluble inks, while pigment-based ink is a non-soluble ink.