Cardiac outflow obstruction may also result in sudden-onset syncope with little or no prodrome. One critical clue is the exertional nature, and the other is the presence of a cardiac murmur. Young athletes may present with this etiology for syncope.
SUMMARY. Summary: Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial motility or pathogenicity.o date, T3S4 proteins have been described for translocation-associated T3S systems from several animal-pathogenic bacteria (YscP from Yersinia spp., Spa32 from Shigella spp., and InvJ from Salmonella spp.) and the plant-pathogenic bacterium X. campestris pv. vesicatoria (HpaC) (Table 6).
A bacteriophage is a kind of virus that can infect and replicate itself inside bacterial cells. The virus has a protein-encapsulated DNA or RNA genome and can have simple or complex anatomies. There are many types of bacteriophages including M13, T phage, lambda phage, MS2, G4, and Phix174.One of the characteristics of bacteriophages is their temperateness.ytic cycle. The lytic cycle is similar to the lysogenic cycle in that the host DNA machinery is used to replicate the phage, but the phage is considered a separate molecule from the host DNA. When a temperate phage undergoes the lytic cycle, it becomes a virulent phage.