From 1960 to 2005, new immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants accounted for 51% of population increase. In the later part of that period, from 1980 to 2005, new immigration accounted for 58% of the 68 million additional people.
1 An escutcheon plate is the disc around a plumbing pipe at the wall penetration that seals the wall opening. The photo above shows a chrome escutcheon plate where the water supply pipe for a toilet enters the wall. You will also find escutcheon plates at the pipe penetrations under sinks and behind water heaters.
You don't really need to do this, but it makes it easier to access the rubber gasket in the next step. You may need to loosen the escutcheon plate from against the wall with a screwdriver to get the trim sleeve out. The escucheon plate is the large round decorative plate against the shower wall. 00:00:30.