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Surface mining is a highly-regulated, highly-sophisticated mining method used to mine coal that is near the surface of the earth.It relies on advanced hydrological and civil engineering techniques to safely extract coal in an environmentally and economically responsible manner.his rock is then placed on previously mined areas, or within engineered âfillâ areas. The cut and fill process used in surface mining is the same process that has been used for years in highway construction and real estate development projects.
It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining began in the mid-sixteenth century and is practiced throughout the world, although the majority of surface mining occurs in North America.It gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and is now the predominant form of mining in coal beds such as those in Appalachia and America's Midwest.trip mining is only practical when the ore body to be excavated is relatively near the surface. This type of mining uses some of the largest machines on earth, including bucket-wheel excavators which can move as much as 12,000 cubic meters of earth per hour.