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Definition: The Bessemer Steel Process was a process of producing high-quality steel by shooting air into molten steel to burn off carbon and other impurities. It was named for the British inventor Sir Henry Bessemer, who worked to develop the process in the 1850s.
In Europe before Henry Bessemer invented his Converter in 1856, steel had been an expensive, high-quality metal made by artisans. It was used mainly for tools and weapons while engineers generally preferred wrought and cast iron. The Bessemer Converter had a huge impact on the use of steel.