Acoustic reflex. The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, middle-ear-muscles (MEM) reflex, attenuation reflex, or auditory reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Wildlife provides a variety of benefits for private landowners. Many landowners are willing to spend time and money to enhance habitat for wildlife on their property, with deer often the primary focus of these efforts.Because deer are valued economically and recreationally by many hunters, some private landowners are tolerant of a certain degree of damage from this species.abbits (10%). The evidence farmers used to determine which species were responsible for damage included: visual observations of the animals in or near crop fields (80%), observations of tracks or scat (56%), observation of damage to plants (43%), and digging or rooting in crop fields (25%).
This type of damage is referred to as price erosion damage. If you find that [patent holder] suffered price erosion, you may also use the higher price in determining [patent holder]âs lost profits from sales lost because of the infringement. In calculating a patenteeâs total losses from price erosion, you must take into account any drop in sales that would have resulted from a higher price. You may also award as damages the amount of any increase in costs of [patent holder], such as additional marketing costs, caused by competition from the infringing product.