, Physiologist. 1  In four chambered avian and mammalian hearts, the two upper chambers are known as the atria. The atria are believed to act as primer pumps which boost the end diastolic volume (the volume at the end of ventricular filling) just before contraction of the ventricles.
Disunion follows the Civil War as it unfolded. New Orleans was the jewel of the Confederacy. In addition to being the Southâs largest city, it boasted considerable industry that produced ironclads, munitions and uniforms, among other items. More important, it controlled access to the Mississippi River from the Gulf of Mexico.
Reconstruction: A State Divided In most places, Reconstruction began after the Civil War, but not in Louisiana. Union soldiers had defeated New Orleans early in the war, and had the opportunity to test out their Reconstruction strategy in the state of Louisiana before the fighting had ended everywhere else. See how they fared at this website, which includes a great variety of images as well as clearly written text.