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Thermal cracking. In thermal cracking, high temperatures (typically in the range of 450Â°C to 750Â°C) and pressures (up to about 70 atmospheres) are used to break the large hydrocarbons into smaller ones. Thermal cracking gives mixtures of products containing high proportions of hydrocarbons with double bonds - alkenes.
Cracking is often a sign of sub-base failure, poor drainage, or repeated over-loadings. It is important to prevent cracking, and repair as soon as possible, as advanced cases can be very costly to repair and can lead to formation of potholes or premature pavement failure.