For cultural reasons, enumerating the precise number of females has been difficult--and estimates of the percentage of females in the population range from 47.5 percent in the 1981 census to 48.3 percent in the 1987-88 Labour Force Survey.
Substrate (printing) Substrate is a term used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed. Base materials may include: plastic films or foils, release liner.
Kozo and Gampi. The Japanese term washi is synonymous with the word paper, and encompasses just about any type of Japanese paper. Kozo, Gampi, and Mitsumata are terms for the three main fibers that are used to make Japanese papers. These fibers are extremely strong and durable, allowing Japanese paper makers to create extraordinarily thin papers that are surprisingly durable. The strength and durability of these papers makes them ideal for all kinds of printmaking, as well as encaustic painting, watercolor, and sumi painting.