In this procedure, the trial judge decides whether at confession is voluntary. In this procedure, the trial judge decides whether the confession is voluntary, in which case the confession is introduced into evidence and the judge instructs the jury to consider the confession along with all the other evidence presented.
Payne and Martin3 revised this definition in 1993 to state, ââA. skin tear is a traumatic injury occurring principally on the. extremities of older adults as a result of shearing or friction. forces which separate the epidermis from the dermis (partial-. thickness wound) or which separate both the epidermis and.
Even limited. findings such as these, demonstrate a need for a national. consensus in skin tear terminology and classification. Until now the Payne-Martin system 7, 8 has been the only. classification system for skin tears reported in the literature. It was previously pointed out that this classification system. originated from a pilot study that was conducted in 1985. and a 1990 descriptive study. In the latter study, ten ânon-.