Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
It begins at the surface of the earth and goes up from there to about 23,000 feet (7 km) at the poles or 56,000 feet (17 km) at the equator. The air in the troposphere is mostly warmed by heat coming from the surface of the Earth.