Patients with renal failure, usually end-stage renal disease (ESRD), commonly are afflicted by severe pruritus. The pathogenesis of ESRD pruritus is unknown, but improving the quality of dialysis can reduce the prevalence and severity of ESRD pruritus.
The earlier generation of Buick Park Avenue ran from 1991 through 1996, with substantial updates for the 1994 model year. It shared its underpinnings with the Oldsmobile 98, that make's largest sedan, as well as a number of Cadillac front-wheel-drive sedans.
By 1967, Buick was making quiet history with more conventional V8s that had abandoned the nailhead design but made much greater power. For the 1967 model year, Buick renamed its  Gran Sport  performance models (not to be confused with the Chevrolet Super Sport cars) as GS models. In 1970 this was headed up by the powerful GS455 Stage 1, so named for its 455 cu in (7.5 L) engine, with its high performance Stage 1 package.