Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
Temperature inversions ... temperatures increasing with height in the atmosphere ... occur predominantly in two ways. One is the cooling of the atmosphere near the surface when incoming solar radiation declines as the sun goes down, resulting in loss of heat at the surface by outgoing thermal radiation. This is the process by which the so-called nocturnal surface inversion is created.