Plantar warts commonly found on the bottom of the foot are caused by a virus and can cause irritation. Athlete's foot, which is caused by a fungus, also can lead to foot irritation. A common cause of foot pain is the ingrown toenail.
The adaptive defense consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response. The term âadaptiveâ refers to the differentiation of self from non-self, and the tailoring of the response to the particular foreign invader.he adaptive defense consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response. The term âadaptiveâ refers to the differentiation of self from non-self, and the tailoring of the response to the particular foreign invader.
The subsequent adaptive immune response includes antigen-specific defense mechanisms and may take days to develop. Cell types with critical roles in adaptive immunity are antigen-presenting cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. Antigen-dependent stimulation of various cell types including T cell subsets, B cells, and macrophages all play critical roles in host defense.