For cultural reasons, enumerating the precise number of females has been difficult--and estimates of the percentage of females in the population range from 47.5 percent in the 1981 census to 48.3 percent in the 1987-88 Labour Force Survey.
Substrate (printing) Substrate is a term used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed. Base materials may include: plastic films or foils, release liner.
While Laser printers use a micro polymer powder (toner) as the colour medium, inkjet printers use liquid inks. The colours are the same (CMYK) but require different paper technology in order to absorb them and make them permanent at the end of the printing process.