Gas exchange happens in the spongy mesophyll tissue of the leaf. Spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water and loosely packed. When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of it.pongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water and loosely packed. When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of it.
In biometrics and forensic science, minutiae are major features of a fingerprint, using which comparisons of one print with another can be made. Minutiae include: 1  Ridge ending â the abrupt end of a ridge. 2  Ridge bifurcation â a single ridge that divides into two ridges. 3  Short ridge, or independent ridge â a ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends.
1 Shutter ridges :- A shutter ridge is a ridge which has moved along a fault line, blocking or diverting drainage. 2  Typically, a shutter ridge creates a valley corresponding to the alignment of the fault that produces it. Dune ridges:- In areas of large-scale dune activity, certain types of dunes result in sand ridges. 2  Moraines and eskers:- Glacial activity may leave ridges in the form of moraines and eskers. 3  An arete arÃªte is a thin ridge of rock that is formed by glacial.  erosion