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Blood tests are done to measure the sodium level. Usually, fluids are given intravenously to slowly reduce the sodium level in the blood. In hypernatremia, the body contains too little water for the amount of sodium (see Overview of Sodium). The sodium level in the blood becomes abnormally high when water loss exceeds sodium loss, as typically occurs in dehydration. Usually, hypernatremia results from dehydration (see Dehydration).
Diagnosis and Treatment. The diagnosis is based on blood tests indicating that the sodium level is high. Hypernatremia is treated by replacing fluids. In all but the mildest cases, dilute fluids (containing water and a small amount of sodium in carefully adjusted concentrations) are given intravenously.