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Blood tests are done to measure the sodium level. Usually, fluids are given intravenously to slowly reduce the sodium level in the blood. In hypernatremia, the body contains too little water for the amount of sodium (see Overview of Sodium). The sodium level in the blood becomes abnormally high when water loss exceeds sodium loss, as typically occurs in dehydration. Usually, hypernatremia results from dehydration (see Dehydration).
A Î²2-agonist, insulin and glucose, in some cases sodium bicarbonate, and saline can be given to shift potassium into cells. Sodium bicarbonate alone does not lower serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia and is unreliable at best in combination with other agents.