Cytoprotection is defined as an ability of pharmacologic agents, originally PGs, to prevent gastric and intestinal mucosal injury produced by a variety of ulcerogenic agents (eg, aspirin, indomethacin, bile acids) and by necrotizing agents (eg, boiling water, absolute alcohol, 0.6 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L NaOH).
Definition of systematic error. : an error that is not determined by chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system.
Since the true value, or bull's eye position, is not generally known, the exact error is also unknowable. Errors are often classified into two types: systematic and random. Systematic errors may be caused by fundamental flaws in either the equipment, the observer, or the use of the equipment.