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Test Usage: Testing for reducing substances in stool is used in diagnosing the cause of diarrhea in children. Increased reducing substances in stool are consistent with primary or secondary disaccharidase deficiency and intestinal monosaccharide malabsorption.imilar intestinal absorption deficiencies are associated with short bowel syndrome and necrotizing enterocolitis. Stool reducing substances is also helpful in diagnosing between osmotic diarrhea caused by abnormal excretion of various sugars as opposed to diarrhea caused by viruses and parasites.
B. 16. As children age, normal physiologic changes occur in the intestines and colon that decrease the daily number of stools from a mean of 2.2 in infants younger than one year to a mean of 1.4 in one-to three-year-old children (Table 1) . 1, 3 Thus, less frequent stooling may not be constipation. In toddlers (ages two to four years), the distribution of constipation and soiling is equal in boys and girls. However, by school age (five years), encopresis is three times more common in boys than in girls. 4 At the age of 10 years, approximately 1.6 percent of children still have some encopresis.