Cytoprotection is defined as an ability of pharmacologic agents, originally PGs, to prevent gastric and intestinal mucosal injury produced by a variety of ulcerogenic agents (eg, aspirin, indomethacin, bile acids) and by necrotizing agents (eg, boiling water, absolute alcohol, 0.6 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L NaOH).
Definition of systematic error. : an error that is not determined by chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system.
Systematic vs. Random Errors. The diagram below illustrates the distinction between systematic and random errors. Systematic errors tend to be consistent in magnitude and/or direction. If the magnitude and direction of the error is known, accuracy can be improved by additive or proportional corrections.