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Compare the effects of a disorder caused by chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis, such as Patau syndrome, to the effects of chromosomes failing to separate during mitosis. When a mutation occurs during meiosis, the organism in which the mutation occurs is not affected. However, the disorder will be passed to their offspring. Since all the cells in the offspring begin with the two parental gametes, every cell in the body of the offspring will contain the mutation.
A very short introduction to current knowledge on what mutations do to the structure of genomes, genes and proteins. Also available in presentation modeâ¦. Evolution over many generations is inevitable, because organisms pass on their genetic material from one generation to the next, together with small changes. These small changes are called mutations and the sum of all genetic material is called genome. The genome is a long sequence of DNA.