Tachypnea - Distinction from other breathing terms. 1  Different sources produce different classifications for breathing terms. 2  Some describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing. Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli (which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing, or both) where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation.
However, guidance is also possible, e.g., by the use of reflections, e.g. at metallic interfaces. Some waveguides also involve plasmonic effects at metals. Figure 1: Two different kinds of waveguides. Planar waveguides guide light only in the vertical direction, whereas channel waveguides guide in two dimensions.
Based on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices using a 97-km fiber-optic key-transmission field test in a previously built real-world environment, NEC developed a new low-loss interference optical system optimized for use with a single-photon emitter and, using time-bin coding optical transmissions(4), an encoding method designed for quantum dots, built a new quantum cryptography system (see Figure 2).