Identify features of the economic business cycle. 1  Business cycles are identified as having four distinct phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.  Business cycle fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend and are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product.
Abstract: Rate of turn indicator for a nautical vessel, aircraft and the like indicating the rate of turn or swing in units such as degrees per unit of time from a particular course of travel.. Field of the Invention. The present invention relates to a navigational aid or nautical instrument, and more particularly, pertains to a rate of turn indicator for indicating the rate of turn from a course of travel for a vessel or other like vehicle.
The analysis of level of service is based on peak rates of flow occurring within the peak hour because substantial short-term fluctuations typically occur during an hour. Common practice is to use a peak 15-minute rate of flow. Flow rates are usually expressed in vehicles per hour, not vehicles per 15 minutes. The relationship between the peak 15-minute flow rate and the full hourly volume is given by the peak-hour factor (PHF) as shown in the following equation: