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Blood tests are done to measure the sodium level. Usually, fluids are given intravenously to slowly reduce the sodium level in the blood. In hypernatremia, the body contains too little water for the amount of sodium (see Overview of Sodium). The sodium level in the blood becomes abnormally high when water loss exceeds sodium loss, as typically occurs in dehydration. Usually, hypernatremia results from dehydration (see Dehydration).
Even with severe hyponatremia, serum sodium concentration should not be increased by more than 8 mEq/L over the first 24 h. And, except during the first few hours of treatment of severe hyponatremia, sodium should be corrected no faster than 0.5 mEq/L/h.