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A duplicated chromosome is formed as a result of DNA replication. Since DNA replication is semi-conservative, the two components (or strands) that make up the duplicated chromosome are called: The parent strand (or the leading strand) The newly synthesized strand The replication process involves synthesizing a new strand based on the sequence of the parent strand.
Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which are joined copies of the original chromosome. The two chromatids, each containing an identical DNA molecule, are initially attached along their lengths by protein complexes called cohesins; this attachment is known as sister chromatid cohesion.