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Shingles (also termed herpes zoster or zoster) is a disease caused by reactivation of a previous infection with the herpes zoster virus (also named varicella-zoster virus, VZV, HHV-3, or chickenpox virus) that results in a painful localized skin rash, usually with blisters (fluid-filled sacs) on top of reddish skin. Risk factors for shingles are common, and the majority of people have at least one or more risk factors. 2  For example, anyone who has had the chickenpox infection or chickenpox vaccine (live attenuated virus) may carry the herpes zoster virus that causes shingles.
The condition is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), an airborne virus which causes chickenpox (varicella) in initial infection. With more than 99% of Americans having been infected with VZV, the risk of developing shingles is surprisingly high.