Tachypnea - Distinction from other breathing terms. 1  Different sources produce different classifications for breathing terms. 2  Some describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing. Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli (which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing, or both) where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation.
However, guidance is also possible, e.g., by the use of reflections, e.g. at metallic interfaces. Some waveguides also involve plasmonic effects at metals. Figure 1: Two different kinds of waveguides. Planar waveguides guide light only in the vertical direction, whereas channel waveguides guide in two dimensions.
Waveguide dispersion is important in waveguides with small effective mode areas. Examples are optical fibers, in particular certain photonic crystal fibers, but also other single-mode fibers as used in, e.g., optical fiber communications.aveguide dispersion is chromatic dispersion which arises from waveguide effects: the dispersive phase shifts for a wave in a waveguide differ from those which the wave would experience in a homogeneous medium. The total dispersion is the combination of material dispersion and waveguide dispersion.