Increased conduit vessel stiffness results in increased characteristic impedance of the aorta and decreased arterial compliance, which cause an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Local trauma is the most common cause, followed by facial trauma, foreign bodies, nasal or sinus infections, and prolonged inhalation of dry air. Children usually present with epistaxis due to local irritation or recent upper respiratory infection (URI).
Nosebleed information for persons on anticoagulant medicines (ACM's) Michael Schwartz MD (retired) Swannanoa, North Carolina USA February, 2014 Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are very common. Most nosebleeds occur because of minor irritations or colds. Some nosebleeds are caused by injury to the face or nose.