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Compare the effects of a disorder caused by chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis, such as Patau syndrome, to the effects of chromosomes failing to separate during mitosis. When a mutation occurs during meiosis, the organism in which the mutation occurs is not affected. However, the disorder will be passed to their offspring. Since all the cells in the offspring begin with the two parental gametes, every cell in the body of the offspring will contain the mutation.
The mutation spectrum of an organism is the rate at which different mutations occur at different sites. Typically two sites are considered, each of which may have three mutations, resulting in six total rates for most mutation spectra. The two sites are the two correct pairs possible in DNA: A:T pairs and C:G pairs;he highest per base pair per generation mutation rates are found in viruses, which can have either RNA or DNA genomes. DNA viruses have mutation rates between 10 â6 to 10 â8 mutations per base per generation, and RNA viruses have mutation rates between 10 â3 to 10 â5 per base per generation.