Cytoprotection is defined as an ability of pharmacologic agents, originally PGs, to prevent gastric and intestinal mucosal injury produced by a variety of ulcerogenic agents (eg, aspirin, indomethacin, bile acids) and by necrotizing agents (eg, boiling water, absolute alcohol, 0.6 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L NaOH).
Definition of systematic error. : an error that is not determined by chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system.
Examples of systematic errors caused by the wrong use of instruments are: 1  errors in measurements of temperature due to poor thermal contact between the thermometer and the substance whose temperature is to be found, 2  errors in measurements of solar radiation because trees or buildings shade the radiometer.