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Confidence votes 24. No, while the Titanic and its tragedy were real, Jack and Rose are simply fictional characters. There was a trimmer aboard name John Dawson who died when the ship sank, but this is purely coincidental. Besides, he was Irish and his name was John.
There was a man named J. Dawson (Joseph Dawson) who died aboard the Titanic. His gravestone bears the inscription J. Dawson.(picture below) But James Cameron did not know that he existed until AFTER he wrote the Titanic screenplay and therefore could not have based the Jack character on J. Dawson.