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A topped golf shot is caused by a player hitting the ball above its equator. Compare this to a thinned shot where the leading edge of the club face catches the ball below the equator but not low enough to make full contact.
If your swing bottoms out behind the ball, the result is a fat shot. If the swing bottoms out ahead of the ball, the result is a thin shot. Another common cause of thinning it is when the golfer raises up just before impact, lifting his or her head and torso. This pulls your arms up, too, which raises the club.