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excited state: state in which an atom or molecule picks up outside energy, causing an electron to move into a higher-energy orbital.
Excited state b (alternative to a, but not consecutive): #1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 4p^1#: one #3s# electron jumped into the #4p# orbital; #330 nm# transition. (Jumping into the #3d# is forbidden; only #DeltaL = pm1# is allowed.) In the ground state, one would build the electron configuration by filling orbital sublevels in order from lowest to highest energy. For sodium, the ordering goes #1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p#. (Although the next highest energy levels are #4s#, #3d#, and then #4p#, a transition from the #3s# will not successfully go into the #3d# unless it goes into the #3p# first.