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Plants Cover The Earth. The Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic Era began 354 million years ago. It lasted for about 64 million years, until 290 million years ago. The name âCarboniferousâ came from the large amounts of carbon-bearing coal that was formed during the period.In the United States, the Carboniferous is divided into two epochs.he End of The Carboniferous Period. The end of the Carboniferous period is marked by global climate changes due to the glaciers that covered the South Pole. The mass extinctions that mark the end of other geologic periods were not present, yet many species did go extinct during this time.
The last half of the Carboniferous is called the  Pennsylvanian Period, and contains mostly sediments and coal seams created by meandering river deltas periodically interrupted by marine inundations. Many places around the world contain important coal beds deposited during this time period.