It is highly unlikely that pears could cause constipation, and in fact they are likely to have the opposite effect. Due to the high amount of fiber that pears contain, they are sometimes used as a remedy for constipation.
An underwriter is a company or other entity that administers the public issuance and distribution of securities from a corporation or other issuing body.
An underwriter works closely with the issuing body to determine the offering price of the securities, buys them from the issuer, and sells them to investors via the underwriter's distribution network.