Cytoprotection is defined as an ability of pharmacologic agents, originally PGs, to prevent gastric and intestinal mucosal injury produced by a variety of ulcerogenic agents (eg, aspirin, indomethacin, bile acids) and by necrotizing agents (eg, boiling water, absolute alcohol, 0.6 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L NaOH).
Definition of systematic error. : an error that is not determined by chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system.
There are two types of error associated with most forms of research: random and systematic. Random errors, i.e., those due to sampling variability or measurement precision, occur in essentially all quantitative studies and can be minimized but not avoided. Systematic errors, or biases, are reproducible inaccuracies that produce a consistently