Increased conduit vessel stiffness results in increased characteristic impedance of the aorta and decreased arterial compliance, which cause an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Local trauma is the most common cause, followed by facial trauma, foreign bodies, nasal or sinus infections, and prolonged inhalation of dry air. Children usually present with epistaxis due to local irritation or recent upper respiratory infection (URI).
What is Epistaxis? Epistaxis may be referred to as a nosebleed. Epistaxis may occur as a side effect of certain medications. Pinching together the soft portion of the nose may halt a nosebleed. If a nosebleed continues after continuous pressure has been applied for 20 minutes, medical treatment may be required.