To fill this knowledge gap, Dr. Lukens and colleagues looked at the diagnostic yield and complication rates in 62 patients with surgically altered bowel anatomy who underwent DBE at Mayo Clinic in Florida between 2006 and 2011: 1  Eleven of the procedures were DBE-ERCPs.
The lateral masses are paired blocks of bone located lateral to the sacral foramina. The sacral ala is the wing-shaped bone found lateral to the S1 vertebral body. Histologic study of the sacral alae demonstrates decreased trabecular density (âalar voidsâ) within each of these structures (3).
Sacrum: The sacrum is the wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae, the first of which has a prominent upper border known as the sacral promontory. This is an important pelvic landmark. It projects forward decreasing the anterposterior diameter of the pelvic brim. If this diameter is seriously decreased it can impair the descent of the fetal head into the pelvis. The smooth concave anterior surface is referred to as the hollow of the sacrum and the areas either side are the alae or wings. The convex posterior surface is roughened to receive attachments of muscles. The sacrum is perforated by four sets of holes or foramina through which the sacral nerves pass. Coccyx: The coccyx is at the lower part of the spine and is a vesitigal tail. It is a small triangular-shaped bone consisting of four fused vertebrae.