Increased conduit vessel stiffness results in increased characteristic impedance of the aorta and decreased arterial compliance, which cause an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Local trauma is the most common cause, followed by facial trauma, foreign bodies, nasal or sinus infections, and prolonged inhalation of dry air. Children usually present with epistaxis due to local irritation or recent upper respiratory infection (URI).
Anaphylaxis often affects the respiratory system (shortness of breath) or the circulatory system (low blood pressure/shock) in addition to the integumentary system (itching, redness, and hives). Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction characterized by a dangerously low blood pressure. Sepsis (Infection) When an otherwise low-key bacterial infection develops into a full-body failure of organs, it's known as sepsis or septic shock.