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A topped golf shot is caused by a player hitting the ball above its equator. Compare this to a thinned shot where the leading edge of the club face catches the ball below the equator but not low enough to make full contact.
Problem: With the clubhead swinging out to in and the face closing, you risk hitting off the hosel. What is it about the shank that makes golfers run and hide? Two things: First, they don't know what causes it; second, where there's one shank there tends to be another (I'll explain why). Because the ball darts right, most golfers think an open clubface causes the shank. But shanks usually come from an excessively closed face. The player swings out to in with the face closing hard -- both actions push the hosel closer to the ball (top). If the hosel catches the ball, it's shank city.