Law and Legislation. CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS. California led the nation in 1991 by enacting criminal sanctions for the violation of civil rights laws. The laws provide enhanced sentences for those convicted of violent or threatening behavior based on race, gender, religion, age, disabilities or sexual preference.
The fact that current carrying loops experience a net torque in a magnetic field is the principle behind the electric motor, where the electrical energy involved in establishing a current is converted into the mechanical energy of rotating a shaft.
Then, in the 19th century, scientists studying the relatively new field of electrical currents discovered that moving charges produce magnetic effects. A current traveling through a loop of wire creates a magnetic field along the axis of the loop. The direction of the field inside the loop can be found by curling the fingers of the right hand in the direction of the current through the loop; the thumb then points in the direction of the magnetic field.