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RSI originated in the anesthesia literature to prevent aspiration in unprepped patients undergoing general anesthesia. From the first anecdotal reports of p-RSI in 1972, prehospital intubation has matured into widespread use. The often conflicting outcome data underscored the need to standardize the approach to p-RSI.
Dr. John W. Kirklin at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota started using a Gibbon type pump-oxygenator in a series of successful operations. Nazih Zuhdi performed the first total intentional hemo-dilution open heart surgery on Terry Gene Nix, age 7, on February 25, 1960, at Mercy Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK. The operation was a success; however, Nix died three years later in 1963.