An element is a chemical substance made up of a particular kind of atom and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element, though it can be transmuted into another element through a nuclear reaction.
Almost 40 years separate Shirley Ann Jackson's achievement, as the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in theoretical high energy physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Jedidah Isler, the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in Astrophysics from Yale.
9/30. Maryam Mirzakhani made mathematics history on August 13, 2014 when she became both the first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics. She is an Iranian-American mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University.