Figure 1. On many standardized assessments the publishers base the standard score on a distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A score of 100 on such a test (e.g., WJIIIDRB) means that if the student scored in the middle of the distribution (Mercer & Pullen, 2009). standard score is based on a normal distrbution with a mean and a standard deviation (see Figure 1). The black line at the center of the distribution represents the mean. The turquoise lines represent standard deviations. Figure 1.
Labor unions have a long and colorful history in the United States. To some people, they conjure up thoughts of organized crime and gangsters like Jimmy Hoffa. To others, labor unions represent solidarity among the working classes, bringing people together across many professions to lobby for better rights, wages and benefits.
The National Labor Relations Act allows you to form your own, independent union to represent only the workers at your place of employment without affiliating with any established union. Such unions exist, but the complexities of labor law and the cost of running an independent union typically make them unfeasible in all but the largest companies.