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Underwater diving is the practice of descending below the water's surface to conduct underwater activities. In ambient pressure diving, the diver is exposed to the pressure of the surrounding water, and uses breathing apparatus for scuba diving or surface supplied diving, or when freediving, will breath-hold. The saturation diving technique reduces the risk of decompression sickness after long duration deep dives.
The fundamental item of diving equipment used by divers is underwater breathing apparatus, such as scuba equipment, and surface supplied diving equipment, but there are other important pieces of equipment that make diving safer, more convenient or more efficient. Rebreather, closed-circuit or semi-closed-circuit scuba. 2  Free diving or breathhold diving, where the diver completes the dive on a single breath of air taken at the surface before the dive. 3  Snorkel allows breathing at the surface with the face submerged, and is used as an adjunct to free diving and scuba.