Aminoglycosides are excreted by glomerular filtration and have a serum half-life of 2 to 3 h; the half-life increases exponentially as the GFR falls (eg, in renal insufficiency, in the elderly).
Madagascar is the world's major natural vanilla producer, accounting for about 75% of production. Cloves are the third main export crop, grown mostly by smallholders. Production follows a 4-year cycle with 2â3 years of high output followed by one year of low production.
Since Madagascar gained independence from French colonial rule in 1960, Malagasy cuisine has reflected the island's diverse cultures and historic influences. Throughout the country, rice is considered the preeminent food and constitutes the main staple of the diet in all but the most arid regions of the south and west.