We understand the civil engineering industry and are FLEXIBLE in our approach, ensuring you achieve your goals. SURCO is the information business of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (ICES). SURCO publishes the institutionâs journal Civil Engineering Surveyor with annual supplements.
Legal precedents. British unionism received its legal foundation in the Trade-Union Act of 1871. In the United States the same effect was achieved, albeit more slowly and uncertainly, by a series of court decisions that whittled away at the use of injunctions, conspiracy laws, and other devices against unions.
Since the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, courts in the United States had interpreted the law on cartels as applying against trade unions and this had created an impossible situation for workers, who needed to organize so as to rebalance the equal bargaining power against their employers.