Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
A Cardiothoracic surgeon in the U.S. is a physician (D.O. or M.D.) who first completes a general surgery residency (typically 5â7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2â3 years).
Step by Step Educational Path of a Cardiologist. 1  Earn a bachelorâs degree. 2  Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). 3  Apply to medical school.  Take part in a residency 1  program. Obtain a fellowship program.