Aminoglycosides are excreted by glomerular filtration and have a serum half-life of 2 to 3 h; the half-life increases exponentially as the GFR falls (eg, in renal insufficiency, in the elderly).
Madagascar is the world's major natural vanilla producer, accounting for about 75% of production. Cloves are the third main export crop, grown mostly by smallholders. Production follows a 4-year cycle with 2â3 years of high output followed by one year of low production.
Madagascar's major environmental problems include: Deforestation and habitat destruction. Agricultural fires. Erosion and soil degradation. Overexploitation of living resources including hunting and over-collection of species from the wild. Introduction of alien species. DEFORESTATION Deforestation in Madagascar is largely the result of three activities: