A nuclear membrane, or nuclear envelope, is the lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayersâthe inner nuclear membrane, and the outer nuclear membrane. The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear space, a region contiguous with the lumen (inside) of the endoplasmic reticulum.
An antegrade percutaneous internal/external nephroureteral (PCNU) stent is placed percutaneously, establishing antegrade access to the kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder. A segment of the stent remains outside the patient from the flank, which can be capped or connected to gravity drainage.ephroureteral stents including antegrade, retrograde, or internal (double-J) stents are routinely placed by interventional radiologists. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed and comprehensive description of indications, contraindications, technique, and various technical challenges of these procedures.
1 Enhanced Healing Factors: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes healing of the vasculature. 2  In the context of stents, this would heal the implantation site and reduce platelet sequestration due to injury related chemotaxis. 3  Nitrous oxide donor compounds may also replicate this effect.rug types used in drug eluting stents. The drugs that may be useful in preventing in-stent restenosis (ISR) fall into four major categories; anti-neoplastics, immunosupressives, migration inhibitors, and enhanced healing factors.