Compact frames (frames with sloping top tubes) start throwing these measurements off, at least as compared to traditional frames. Thus the concept of effective measurements (i.e what a measurement on a compact bike would equate to on a bike with a traditional frame) The top tube measurement is from the seat post to the head tube.
Acculturation A term which is generally defined as the exchange of cultural features (traditions, values, or religious beliefs comprising the way of life) which results when groups of individuals from different cultures come into continuous direct contact, resulting in an alteration in the cultural patterns of one or both groups.
Acculturation and assimilation are two very important concepts in sociology and anthropology that describe cross cultural effects on both minorities as well as majorities in societies that are multi ethnic and multi cultural in nature.