The DNA of most bacteria is contained in a single circular molecule, called the bacterial chromosome. The chromosome, along with several proteins and RNA molecules, forms an irregularly shaped structure called the nucleoid. This sits in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell.
Urine tests for diabetes facts. 1  Urine tests may be done in people with diabetes to evaluate severe hyperglycemia (severe high blood sugar) by looking for ketones in the urine.  Ketones are a metabolic product produced when fat is metabolized. Ketones increase when there is insufficient insulin to use glucose for energy.
For urinalysis, your urine sample is evaluated in three ways: visual exam, dipstick test and microscopic exam. A lab technician will examine the urine's appearance. Ketones. 2  As with sugar, any amount of ketones detected in your urine could be a sign of diabetes and requires follow-up testing. 3  Bilirubin. 4  Bilirubin is a product of red blood cell breakdown.