Bismuth subsalicylate may cause ringing in the ears, but that side effect is rare. Possible side effects from loperamide include skin rash, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and swelling, pain, and discomfort in the abdomen.
In the United States, the annual cost of soil erosion for both on-site and off-site effects has been estimated at 44 billion dollars a year (Pimentel et al., 1995). In the European Union, the figure is 38 billion Euros a year (Montanarella, 2007).
The EWG study is the latest to look at soil erosion. In May, Rick Cruse, an Iowa State University agronomy professor, said that wind and rainstorms that carry away topsoil from farmland in the state each year could potentially cut $1 billion in yield from the stateâs 88,000 farms.