Surprise (emotion) Surprise ( pronunciation (helpÂ·info)) is a brief mental and physiological state, a startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event. Surprise can have any valence; that is, it can be neutral/moderate, pleasant, unpleasant, positive, or negative. Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very-surprised, which may induce the fight-or-flight response, or little-surprise that elicits a less intense response to the stimuli.
The culture of poverty is a social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty.It attracted academic and policy attention in the 1960s, survived harsh academic criticism (Goode and Eames, 1996; Bourgois, 2001; Small M.L., Harding D.J., Lamont M., 2010), and made a comeback at the beginning of the 21st century.eople with a culture of poverty have very little sense of history. They are a marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life.
The Sociology of Poverty That there is a sociology of poverty is a considerable part of the problem of poverty research. That is, there is also an economics of poverty, a psychology of poverty, an anthropology of poverty, and a politics of poverty-- and all of these involve concrete histories. When these are torn asunder, we get research which too often not only does not illuminate poverty but serves to mystify it.