We understand the civil engineering industry and are FLEXIBLE in our approach, ensuring you achieve your goals. SURCO is the information business of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (ICES). SURCO publishes the institutionâs journal Civil Engineering Surveyor with annual supplements.
Legal precedents. British unionism received its legal foundation in the Trade-Union Act of 1871. In the United States the same effect was achieved, albeit more slowly and uncertainly, by a series of court decisions that whittled away at the use of injunctions, conspiracy laws, and other devices against unions.
Law as an Employer's Weapon. 1  In 19th century, government almost always intervened in labor disputes on the side of employers, often using force to crush strikes. 2  After 1890, courts used antitrust law to rule unions illegal. 3  Lack of legal status made it difficult for unions to achieve gains.