Law and Legislation. CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS. California led the nation in 1991 by enacting criminal sanctions for the violation of civil rights laws. The laws provide enhanced sentences for those convicted of violent or threatening behavior based on race, gender, religion, age, disabilities or sexual preference.
The fact that current carrying loops experience a net torque in a magnetic field is the principle behind the electric motor, where the electrical energy involved in establishing a current is converted into the mechanical energy of rotating a shaft.
A convenient expression for the torque exerted on a loop placed in a uniform magnetic field B is. Where A, the vector shown in Figure 29.13, is perpendicular to the plane of the loop and has a magnitude equal to the area of the loop.