Bismuth subsalicylate may cause ringing in the ears, but that side effect is rare. Possible side effects from loperamide include skin rash, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and swelling, pain, and discomfort in the abdomen.
In the United States, the annual cost of soil erosion for both on-site and off-site effects has been estimated at 44 billion dollars a year (Pimentel et al., 1995). In the European Union, the figure is 38 billion Euros a year (Montanarella, 2007).
Prior to 2015, a landowner earning $50,000 a year who donated a $1 million conservation easement could take a $15,000 deduction (30% of his or her income) for the year of the donation and for an additional five years, generating a total of $90,000 in tax deductions.