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Thus, a person called to testify before Congress can refuse if they believe the government could use the testimony against them in criminal proceedings. To render the protections against self-incrimination ineffective, Congress can provide immunity from criminal prosecution.
Individuals summoned in a proper manner, or subpoenaed, by Congress or a committee must comply and conform with the summoner's procedure. However, witnesses are legally entitled to refuse to answer questions that are beyond the power of the investigating body or that are irrelevant to the matter under inquiry.