Aminoglycosides are excreted by glomerular filtration and have a serum half-life of 2 to 3 h; the half-life increases exponentially as the GFR falls (eg, in renal insufficiency, in the elderly).
Madagascar is the world's major natural vanilla producer, accounting for about 75% of production. Cloves are the third main export crop, grown mostly by smallholders. Production follows a 4-year cycle with 2â3 years of high output followed by one year of low production.
Madagascarâs individual and corporate income tax rates are 20 percent. Other taxes include a value-added tax and a capital gains tax. The overall tax burden is 10.3 percent of domestic output. Government expenditures are equivalent to 13.3 percent of domestic production.