Bismuth subsalicylate may cause ringing in the ears, but that side effect is rare. Possible side effects from loperamide include skin rash, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and swelling, pain, and discomfort in the abdomen.
In the United States, the annual cost of soil erosion for both on-site and off-site effects has been estimated at 44 billion dollars a year (Pimentel et al., 1995). In the European Union, the figure is 38 billion Euros a year (Montanarella, 2007).
Three methods were used to. evaluate the cost of soil erosion: a) change in land value due to reduced Corn. Suitability Rating; b) change in land value due to loss of yield potential; and c). change in land rent value due to the change in soil erosion phase.y these figures, the cost of lost fertilizer alone is $2.10 per ton of eroded soil (2.32 pounds nitrogen x $0.63 per pound plus 1.0 pound phosphate x $0.64 per pound). USDA-NRCS suggests implementing EQIP practices will reduce soil erosion, on average, 8.6 tons per acre.