Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
A Cardiothoracic surgeon in the U.S. is a physician (D.O. or M.D.) who first completes a general surgery residency (typically 5â7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2â3 years).
After their residency, surgeons move on to complete a two- to three-year fellowship in cardiothoracic or cardiovascular surgery. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has projected a 14 percent increase in jobs for physicians, between 2014 and 2024, but cardiac surgeons should enjoy even higher demand as the baby boom generation ages and experiences more frequent heart conditions.