If you want an uppercase A, you would hold down option and the u key, release and then type the letter A. Hold down option and u, release, and then type the letter e for an umlaut over a lowercase E. If you want an uppercase E, you would hold down option and the u key, release and then type the letter E.f you want an uppercase A, you would hold down option and the u key, release and then type the letter A. Hold down option and u, release, and then type the letter e for an umlaut over a lowercase E. If you want an uppercase E, you would hold down option and the u key, release and then type the letter E.
This allows direct comparison of the stroke volume index of large and small patients. Stroke volume index is determined by three factors: Preload: The filling pressure of the heart at the end of diastole. Contractility: The inherent vigor of contraction of the heart muscles during systole. Afterload: The pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole. Starling's Law is the relationship between preload and stroke volume .
Factors Increasing Central Venous Pressure. A decrease in cardiac output either due to decreased heart rate or stroke volume (e.g., in ventricular failure) results in blood backing up into the venous circulation (increased venous volume) as less blood is pumped into the arterial circulation.